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Topic: Palaic language

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	Sacred language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sacred language is typically vested with a solemnity and dignity that speech in the vernacular lacks.
		Avestan, the language of the oldest portions of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism.
		Palaic and Luwian, cultivated as a religious language by the Hittites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sacred_language (722 words)

	Palaic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.
		The entire corpus of Palaic spans CTH 750-754 in Laroche's "catalog of Hittite texts"; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the god Zaparwa (Hittite Ziparwa) - totaling 21 passages, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
		Therefore Palaic is thought to belong to the Anatolian languages, although whether as a sister language to Old Hittite or Cuneiform Luwian is unknown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palaic (291 words)

	Palaic Definition / Palaic Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Palaic was one of the Anatolian languages The Anatolian languages are a group of languages, either Indo-European or (in some classifications) closely related to Indo-European, which were spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite.
		The language was used from approximately 1600 BC (and probably before) to 1100 BC.
		It was probably spoken to the north of the Hittite core area, in the present north-central Turkey.
	www.elresearch.com /Palaic (253 words)

	Cuneiform - MSN Encarta
		Cuneiform writing, which originated in southern Mesopotamia, was invented probably by the Sumerians, who used it to inscribe the Sumerian language; it was subsequently adapted for writing the Akkadian language, of which Babylonian and Assyrian are dialects.
		Because Akkadian, the language of later inhabitants of Sumer, became the language of international communication it was studied in schools throughout the ancient Middle East, and the use of cuneiform spread to Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, and, for diplomatic correspondence, to Egypt.
		The Elamite cuneiform is frequently called the language of the second form because it appears in the second position of the trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenian kings.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563112/Cuneiform.html (1551 words)

	Palaic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Palaic was a branch of Hittite spoken in the country named Pala, north to Hittite state.
		Palaic was written in Cuneiform and didn't differ greatly from Luwian of Hittite.
		Together with Luwian language Palaic was already about to become an agglutinative language and leave Indo-European flexions.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/palaic.html (234 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Anatolian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ANATOLIAN LANGUAGES [Anatolian languages], subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see The Indo-European Family of Languages, table); the term "Anatolian languages" is also used to refer to all languages, Indo-European and non-Indo-European, that were spoken in Anatolia in ancient times.
		The Anatolian languages are the tongues of Indo-European-speaking invaders of Anatolia and became mixed to some extent with indigenous languages of the region.
		Grammatical features common to Hittite, Luwian, and Palaic include: two genders, one of which combines masculine and feminine as a common gender and the other of which is neuter; two moods, indicative and imperative, the first of which has a present and a preterit tense; and two voices, active and middle.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AnatolLan.asp (639 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		Palaic was spoken in the country called Pala, north of Hatti, and Luwian was spoken in the country called Arzawa, west of Hatti, and in Cilicia, south of Hatti; Lydian was spoken in northwestern Anatolia, Lycian (descended from Luwian) in the southwest.
		Linguists are not yet certain whether the Anatolian group broke away from the parent language, Proto-Indo-European, before any other known Indo-European tongue, or whether it was merely one of the earliest to break away.
		Scholarly research recognizes a much larger number of Indo-European words in the Hittite language than was previously suspected; the source of many other words remains to be identified.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..hi073500.a (248 words)

	Grammar of Lydian language by Cyril Babaev
		Later the other two languages were separated from Hittite: Palaic, the tongue of northern Anatolia, and Luwian, the language of Syro-Hittite city-states in the western and southern regions of the Hittite Empire.
		Nowadays Lydian language studies are maintained in Europe, the USA and widely in Russia, where the famous linguists Ivanov, Shevoroshkin and Bayun have written a significant number of important works.
		Palaic speakers are believed to have been assimilated by substratum and superstratum languages, western Luwians went to southern and south-western regions of Anatolia and there were called as Lycians and Sidetians.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/grammar/grammar21.html (3458 words)

	Hittite Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Hittite language is the oldest preserved Indo-European language.
		The script was originally mislabled as Hieroglyphic Hittite: eventually with the decipherment of the ideograms the language has been identified as Luwian (Hittite and Luwian belong to an Anatolian subgroup of the Indo-European language family).
		The non-Indo-European language of central Anatolia is known as Hattian (Khattian, Hattic, or Khattic).
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/hittite_language.htm (723 words)

	Origin of the Indo-European languages: Part VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Of the remaining languages, Luvita, Palaic* and Hatita* appear in the form of brief passages scattered among the Hittite religious texts.
		Despite the name "Hittite" was applied to that language by the specialists as the official language of Hatti* and has been universally accepted, that is improper from a strict viewpoint because the word "Hattili" is used in the texts to present passages in a completely different language (Hatita*).
		This language was uttered by the priests in countless cults or worships (specially those given to the principal Hittite gods).
	www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar /english/linguistics/origin8.html (2997 words)

	Anatolian Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But still, mainly Luwian language was spoken not in Hatti, the central province of the Empire, but in the country called Arzawa, west of Hatti, and in Cilicia, south of Hatti.
		After Alexander, Lydians were assimilated by Greeks, the Greek language and the Greek culture, and though Strabo in the 1st century A.D. talks about Lydians as an ethnic item, they did not have much of their original language at that moment.
		All inscriptions are too short and of the same structure, so the identification of the language is quite hard, but still it is believed to be one of the Anatolian languages, closer to Lycian and Sidetic.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/anatolian_languages.htm (2620 words)

	anatolian language - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Anatolian language - an extinct branch of the Indo-European family of languages known from inscriptions and important in the reconstruction of Proto-Indo European
		Indo-European language, Indo-Hittite, Indo-European - the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
		Hittite - the language of the Hittites and the principal language of the Anatolian group of languages; deciphered from cuneiform inscriptions
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/anatolian-language (78 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Languages that are scattered around the world as their speakers are part of diasporas.
		The Indo-European languages tend to be inflected (ie verbs and nouns have different endings depending on their part in a sentence).
		Lithuanian is one of the oldest of the Indo-European languages.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1883 words)

	The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia
		HOLLIS equates Nuristani with Dardic 28, with Bashgali 29, and with the Kafiri languages 30 (Bashgali, Dardic, and Nuristani are languages of Afghanistan).
		The Italic languages and dialects according to HOLLIS are related to the Faliscan, Latin, and Venetic languages and have a grammar comparable to Armenian and Etruscan.
		The Tokharian language is synonymous with Yueh Cheh.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterVII.html (12823 words)

	JPC
		Many languages that we today find to be very different are in fact descended from the same original root language, just as many people are descendants of one common ancestor in a family tree.
		The discovery of these connections among languages, and the exploration of the historical changes in languages, cultures and peoples is one of the great detective stories of the 19th and 20th Centuries.
		Connections between languages, and evidence of one language affecting or influencing another, can be critical clues to the migration patterns of ancient as well as more recent human groups and cultures.
	www.needham.k12.ma.us /t_links/tc99/big6_99/jpc/jpc.htm (1313 words)

	Saharan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Genesis 11:1 this language is said to be spoken in the whole world and, even though this statement is not quite correct, it may be called the Universal language, which had been the language of the first civilization on earth, located in North Africa and the Near East.
		It is hereby suggested that the forerunner of the Basque, Dravidian and Ainu languages was the Saharan language and that the language spoken in the beautifully painted cathedral caves in southern France and northern Spain was an early form of the same.
		I have no doubt that the Basque language is a direct descendant of this original Saharan language and that this language has not changed very much for several millennia, probably because of the extremely careful oral transmission traditions used in their educational system, passing the language on from generation to generation without changes.
	www.islandnet.com /~nyland/saharan.htm (4261 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DEFINITION: An extinct Indo-European language primarily of the western and southern part of ancient Asia Minor of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, especially important to Arzawa.
		It was closely related to Hittite, Palaic, and Lydian and was a forerunner of the Lycian language.
		Luwian was probably the language of the Trojans during Trojan War.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Luwian (201 words)

	Palaic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Spoken in the country named Pala, north to the Hittite state, in Central Anatolia.
		It was influenced greatly by the Hatti language, and after the 14th century fell out of use, assimilated by Hatti, though was still used as a cult language until the 13th century BC.
		Together with the Luwian language, Palaic was already about to become an agglutinative language and to drop the Indo-European inflections.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/anat/palaic.html (216 words)

	Introduction: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History
		Centuries of Darkness: Chronology Links; generational chronologies pre-existed a systematic chronology: it became usual to reckon three generations as 100 years, so that the unit was roughly equivalent to 33 years, but there were other systems of 23 years (Her I.7) and yet another of 40 years and presumably others as well.
		In terms of the history of the Mediterranean basin, the primary language groups which have dominated the political and thus historical arenas are the Semitic and Indo-European groups.
		Tocharian Now extinct, this language was spoken in the northern part of Chinese Turkestan during the first millennium CE Eastern dialect from the Turfan region, labeled Tocharian A, and a western variety, from the Kucha region, called Tocharian B. Armenian
	www.juyayay.com /outline (686 words)

	European Languages
		You may have noticed that a few languages spoken on the European continent are not included in the Indo-European family of languages.
		The western languages generally use /s/ as a plural marker, though it is silent in spoken French, while the eastern languages use vowels.
		The Slavic languages are spoken in Eastern Europe and Russia and are the harder of the three language groups analyzed to learn.
	www.ielanguages.com /eurolang.html (1517 words)

	Lydian language
		Lydian belongs to New Anatolian languages, derived from Old Anatolian - Hittite, Luwian and Palaic.
		Soon after that, Lydians were assimilated by Greeks, Greek language and Greek culture, and though Strabo in the 1st century A.D. talks about Lydians as an ethnos, they did not have much of their original language at that moment.
		Linguistic science has not yet learned much about Lydian, but the language is obviously Indo-European, and a lot of words represent their IE origin.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/lydian.html (430 words)

	AllRefer.com - Anatolian languages (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Anatolian languages[an´´utO´lEun] Pronunciation Key, subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see The Indo-European Family of Languages, table); the term "Anatolian languages" is also used to refer to all languages, Indo-European and non-Indo-European, that were spoken in Anatolia in ancient times.
		The principal known member of the Anatolian division of the Indo-European family is Hittite, the tongue of the Hittites, who entered and conquered much of Anatolia early in the 2d millennium
		B.C., Hittite was written both in cuneiform (a system of writing taken over from Mesopotamia) and in hieroglyphics (a form of picture writing unrelated to the hieroglyphics of Egypt).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/AnatolLan.html (585 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Indo-European Language Families
		These languages became families by breaking up into dialects that became languages which themselves then produced dialects and languages, and so on and so forth.
		Ancient languages are listed under the heading "Family" and "Subfamilty" because they died out when other families and subfamilies were forming.
		Indeed, keep in mind that much of this table is speculative when it comes to ancient languages for which no hard evidence exists.
	www.yourdictionary.com /library/pietable.html (148 words)

	File: <saharan
		Nyland suggested that the forerunner of the Basque, Dravidian and Ainu languages was the Saharan language and that the language spoken in the beautifully painted cathedral caves in southern France and northern Spain was an early form of the same.
		For the Semitic and Germanic languages the entire Saharan/Basque vocabulary was used and a new letter, the ‘w’, a letter without meaning or Saharan origin, was introduced.
		As all the early-invented languages such as Sumerian, Hebrew, Sanskrit etc. use this VCV system, the agglutination of the Saharan language must have been done first, since 3,000 bce.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/bronze/saharan.htm (4086 words)

	The Lydian Treasure
		Short inscriptions have survived in the Phrygian script, preserved for example on Phrygian vessels, from which it is clear that Phrygian belongs to the Indo-European family of languages.
		Awer the devastation, during which much of the palace complex was destroyed, Gordion was rebuilt, but never regained its former dominance over central and inland western Anatolia, partly due to the rapid rise to power of the Lydians of the Mermnad dynasty.
		Some aspects of Lydian language (a palaic-Anatolian subgroup of Indo-European) and culture were related or shared with those of other Anatolian peoples.
	www.about-turkey.com /karun/history.htm (579 words)

	OEDILF - Topic
		Berlitz Language Schools (now known as Berlitz International, Inc.) were founded in 1878 by Maximilien Berlitz (1852—1921) in Providence, Rhode Island.
		Bangi (BANG-ee) is a tribal language of the Bantu group still spoken in Zaire and parts of the Congo.
		Batti (BAT-ee) is, or was, among various regional or tribal languages not in "wide enough use for them to be included as entries in the [Concise Oxford English] dictionary," per Oxford English Reference.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?Topic=128 (409 words)

	Welcome to NELC at the University of Chicago
		The program for Hittite and Anatolian Languages, History, and Culture is primarily aimed at philological training including basics in Akkadian and Sumerian.
		Within a regular program not all Anatolian languages (other than Hittite) can be taught since they rotate through more than four years.
		For the second modern language students are strongly advised to take Italian instead of French.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /depts/nelc/programs/hittite.html (424 words)

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