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Topic: Palatal

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	Encyclopedia: Labial-palatal consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In phonetics, the labialised palatal approximant is a consonant with two constrictions in the vocal tract: with the tongue on the palate, and rounded at the lips.
		Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).
		The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Labial_palatal-consonant (933 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Oronasal Fistula and Palatal Repair
		Palatal congenital defects result from the lack of fusion of the palatal shelves of the maxillary bone during embryologic development.
		Congenital palatal defects may not be detected until the slow growth of one of the puppies is noticed.
		In cats with palatal disjunction, if the palatal shelves are not too spread apart following the injury, the vomer bone and nasal structures located underneath may help in retaining the blood clot and healing may occur whether or not sutures have been placed on the mucoperiosteum.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00082.htm (1078 words)

	Palatal surgery
		The palate, or roof of the mouth, is the major noisemaker during sleep.
		The fluttering that results from the end of the palate and uvula (the little flipper that hangs down from the middle of the end of the palate) results in the typical guttural noise that we recognize as snoring.
		Palate surgery is therefore frequently successful in eliminating or significantly reduce snoring, but not necessarily in curing OSAS by itself.
	www.hnsaonline.com /palatal_surgery.htm (1472 words)

	Crocodilian Biology Database - Palatal Valve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The palatal valve is present in all species and plays an essential role in preventing water in the mouth from entering the throat, oesophagus and trachea when the crocodile is underwater.
		Here, the palatal valve at the back of the throat has been pushed down to reveal the opening to the trachea (the 'glottis'), which leads to the crocodile's lungs.
		Muscles pull the palatal valve down towards the tongue, allowing the food to enter the throat and oesphagus.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /cnhc/cbd-gb2.htm (576 words)

	[No title]
		In the cleft palate patient incomplete fusion occurs at the palatal aponeurosis preventing the union of the muscular mass required for secondary palatal formation and function.
		Posnick reports using the palatal prosthesis to predict surgical outcomes prior to secondary repairs of the soft palate.
		At Texas Children's Hospital the cleft palate team is utilizing digital palatal facilitation with pressure being applied to the posterior muscular palate, compressing this flaccid structure posterosuperiorly until contact is made to the posterior pharyngeal wall.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/2493.html (1431 words)

	Essential Palatal Myoclonus Accompanied with Psychiatric Symptoms
		Palatal myoclonus may also be accompanied with myoclonic contractions of other parts of the body such as extraocular, facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal or diaphragmatic muscles and muscles of the neck, trunk and even the extremities.
		A diagnosis of an affective disorder and palatal myoclonus in a subnormal patient was made and the presence of underlying disorders was evaluated.
		The rarity of palatal myoclonus and its coexistence with bipolar mood disorder with psychotic features, resulted in misdiagnosis of the sound which was induced by myoclonic jerks as an auditory hallucination.
	www.ams.ac.ir /AIM/0034/norouzian0034.html (1210 words)

	Alveolo-palatal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In phonetics, alveolo-palatal consonants are a subtype of postalveolar fricative articulated with the blade of the tongue between the alveolar ridge and the palate.
		They are similar to palato-alveolar and retroflex fricatives, but are laminal rather than apical or as the retroflex fricatives are, or pronounced with the tongue bunched up ("domed") as the palato-alveolar fricatives are.
		In sinological circles symbols for alveolo-palatal stops (ȶ, ȡ), nasals (ȵ), and liquids (ȴ) are used, but they represent simple palatal or palatalized consonants, and thus are not recognized by the IPA.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Alveolo-palatal_consonant (203 words)

	Deformation of the palate in preterm infants -- Procter et al. 78 (1): 29 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal ...
		Palate depth and width were related to postmenstrual age and gestation.
		A mould of the palate and maxillary alveolar ridges (gum pads) was obtained from a maxillary impression using vinylpolysiloxone
		Overall, Palatal Index ranged from 0.15 to 0.57 (mean 0.29), indicating a wide individual variation in the shape of the palate.
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/1/F29 (2211 words)

	[No title]
		Palatal appliances are indicated in patients unable to undergo anesthesia for surgical repair, with badly scarred postoperative palates, in patients refusing surgery, and with persistent palatal fistulae.
		A 5 1/2-year-old white male child was diagnosed at birth with Pierre-Robin Sequence (micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis), a ventricular septal defect, and feeding difficulties.
		Patterns of velopharyngeal valving in normal and cleft palate subjects: a multi-view videofluoroscopic and nasendoscopic study.
	www.bcm.tmc.edu /oto/grand/2493.html (1431 words)

	TGF-{beta}3-induced Palatogenesis Requires Matrix Metalloproteinases -- Blavier et al. 12 (5): 1457 -- Molecular ...
		The formation of the palate is of critical importance to separate the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.
		Palatal shelves from wild-type E14.0 embryos were dissected and cultured as pairs at the air-medium interface in organ culture dishes as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS.
		Palatal fusion is characterized by the disappearance of medial edge epithelial cells from the midline seam and simultaneous
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/12/5/1457 (5689 words)

	Palatal Myoclonus
		Palatal myoclonus (PM) is characterized by rhythmic involuntary jerky movements of the soft palate of the throat, and also sometimes other muscles related to the throat.
		Ordinary PM is caused by a lesion in the triangle of Guillain Mollaret (1933).
		Palatal myoclonus is a clinical diagnosis and the differential diagnosis is very limited.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/central/opm.html (1552 words)

	Disruption of Fgf10/Fgfr2b-coordinated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions causes cleft palate -- Rice et al. 113 (12): ...
		Fgf10 was mainly expressed in mesenchyme underlying the MEE and the oral epithelial surface of the palate.
		in the palatal mesenchyme of Msx1–/– mice, and this
		of the palate thickens and that Fgf10 induces this thickening.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/113/12/1692 (6281 words)

	Rapid Palatal Expander
		Although this is a good sign from the standpoint that this means the two halves of your palate (just close the window of the image after you are done looking at it) are separating as they are supposed to, it can also be disheartening from a cosmetic standpoint.
		Since your palate is also the floor of your nose, increasing the width of the palate also increases the size of the nasal chamber, and may enable you to breathe more freely through your nose.
		If the palate is expanded in the absence of a width coordination problem, this will lead to a bite that doesn't fit together.
	www.orthonj.com /rpe.html (1711 words)

	palatal arch device
		The compound palatal arch is made from steel and NiTi components and has been analysed in a laboratory test regarding forces and momentum.
		Unlike the trans palatal arch which have a deflection force of up to 2 N per mm, due to the stiffness of the material used, the compound palatal arch only shows a deflection force of approx.
		The compound palatal arch is particularly suited for: molar rotation, single sided distallisation, torquing and expansion.
	www.unipv.it /dms/auricchio/cofin_02/palatale_device.htm (368 words)

	Rescue of cleft palate in Msx1-deficient mice by transgenic Bmp4 reveals a network of BMP and Shh signaling in the ...
		palate, it was speculated that the cleft palate observed in
		of the Bmp4 transgene in the palatal mesenchyme of Msx1
		Cleft palate in Msx1 mutants is caused by defective cell proliferation in the anterior portion of palatal shelves.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/17/4135 (8375 words)

	Int. J. Dev. Biol.- Terminal differentiation of palatal medial edge epithelial cells in vitro is not necessarily ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ABSTRACT During fusion of the mammalian secondary palate, it has been suggested that palatal medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells disappear by means of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and epithelial cell migration.
		Furthermore, mouse and human amniotic fluids were found to prevent MEE cell differentiation in the cultured single palatal shelf, although paired palatal shelves fused successfully even in the presence of amniotic fluid.
		We therefore conclude that terminal differentiation of MEE cells is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation, but such MEE cell differentiation appears to be prevented in utero by amniotic fluid unless palatal shelves make close contact and the midline epithelial seam is formed.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.0404/a307.htm (320 words)

	Palatal Traction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Think away the lower jaw, and we are left with the hard palate and the upper teeth, a much more rigid base and a good anchor point for our traction.
		The points of attachment for the cords can be adjusted forwards or backwards, until the pressure on the neck equals that experienced on the palate and teeth.
		To the left is a picture of the mouth piece that transfers the extension force to the palate and upper teeth by way of two 2 mm thick wires in stainless steel.
	milwaukee.brace.nu /Text/Palate.html (932 words)

	The Palatal Ruga Pattern in Possible Paternity Determination
		The use of a genetic marker in paternity determination has been successful with the ABO blood group system but unsuccessful in dermatoglyphics and palatal rugae because the genetic mechanism is polygenic.
		The palatal rugae of 17 families (34 parents and 49 children) were classified and recorded, and the data used to construct a statistical analysis system (SAS) cluster map.
		It is thus clear that the palatal rugae cannot be used in a practical procedure to determine paternity.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/657.htm (183 words)

	Palatal Implants Provide Effective Snoring Relief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The authors of “Palatal Implants for the Treatment of Snoring: Long Term Results,” are Ståle Nordgård MD PhD, Brit Kari Stene Md, Ketil Wichmann Skjøstad MD, and Vegard Bugten MD, all with the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim; and Nina Vanvik Hansen, a research nurse, all in Norway.
		No mucosal breakdown, palatal swelling, discomfort or fistulae, as reported for radiofrequency and injection snoreplasty, were noted with the palatal implant system.
		In a one-year follow-up after the palatal implantation, 70 percent of patients’ bedmates reported that snoring was no longer a problem, compared to 92 percent at four to six weeks.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=13670 (986 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.860: palatal nasals
		SUMMARY: palatal nasals A while ago I asked for examples of languages with word-final palatal nasals that contrast with alveolar and velar nasals.
		MIT.EDU Catalan (though unfortunately not a Sino-Tibetan lg.) contrasts word-final palatal nasals (spelled ny in the standard orthography) with alveolar, velar, and labial (which you didn't mention) nasals --all of which appear plentifully i n common native words.
		Also, as the second example shows, in verbal morphology, the subjunctive (or imperative) forms generally is marked by palatalization of the root consonant.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/7/7-860.html (1256 words)

	TGF{beta}3 signaling activates transcription of the LEF1 gene to induce epithelial mesenchymal transformation during ...
		RhoA kinase pathway is not sufficient for palatal EMT.
		Using LCM on 8-µm-thick frozen sections from the middle one third of the palate, we estimated cell numbers in each section of the MEE seam from 12 to 60 h after the beginning of the culture.
		Hematoxylin and eosin staining of palate sections 12–60 h after treatment DN LEF1 and DN Smad4 adenoviruses or 60 h with AS ß-catenin from the beginning of culture.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/163/6/1291 (6653 words)

	Unusual Maxillary First Molar with 2 Palatal Canals Within a Single Root: A Case Report
		The morphology is atypical because it is characterized by a single palatal root with 2 canals with separate orifices joining in the apical third.
		The palatal Fig.3 and mesial root had 2 orifices, fairly well separated, exiting from the floor of the pulp chamber.
		The second MB canal is usually found 0.5-5 mm palatal to the main MB canal, often hidden under a cervical ledge.
	www.cda-adc.ca /jcda/vol-67/issue-4/211.html (1712 words)

	Bulging medial edge epithelial cells and palatal fusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ABSTRACT The surface of the medial edge epithelium of embryonic day 12, 13 and 14 mouse palatal shelves was observed utilising Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM).
		Bulging epithelial cells were observed consistently on the medial edge epithelium prior to palatal shelf fusion.
		null mutants had cleft palate: the middle third of the palatal shelves had adhered, leaving an anterior and posterior cleft.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.0003/a331.htm (228 words)

	Isolated cleft palate in mice with a targeted mutation of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx8 -- Zhao et al. 96 (26): 15002 -- ...
		Isolated cleft palate in mice with a targeted mutation of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx8 -- Zhao et al.
		The palatal bones in the mutant failed to grow toward the midline (indicated by arrowheads).
		The cleft palate phenotype observed in the Lhx8-mutant
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/26/15002 (3791 words)

	Aging of human palatal salivary glands: a histomorphometric study. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aging of human palatal salivary glands: a histomorphometric study.
		The aim of the present study was to examine age-related changes in the parenchymal and stromal components of palatal salivary glands of healthy subjects.
		Palatal salivary gland biopsies were obtained from 120 autopsies and were divided into young, adult, and old age groups.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_10705042.html (150 words)

	Palatal tremor and cognitive decline in neuroferritinopathy -- Wills et al. 73 (1): 91 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		Palatal tremor and cognitive decline in neuroferritinopathy -- Wills et al.
		Palatal tremor, progressive multiple cranial nerve palsies, and cerebellar ataxia: a case report and review of literature of palatal tremors in neurodegenerative disease.
		Increased glucose metabolism in the medulla of patients with palatal myoclonus.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/1/91 (839 words)

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