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Topic: Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)

	Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An act of 1485 explicitly stipulated that the palatine shall be the vice-regent in the king's absence.
		Important palatines in the 14th century were the Drughets (of Humenné), in the 15th century the Gorjanskis, afterwards the Báthorys and the Zápolyas, in the early 17th century, Stefan Illésházy (Illesházy István) of Trenčín, then up to 1616 Juraj Thurzo (Thurzó György).
		The last palatines at the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century were the Habsburgs Archdukes Alexander Leopold, Joseph and his son Stephan, who resigned in 1848.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palatine_(Kingdom_of_Hungary) (788 words)

	HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The greatest elevations are in the Ttra mountains of the north of Hungary proper, in the east and south of Transylvania (the Transylvanian Alps) and in the eastern portion of the Banat.
		The principal salt-mines are in Transylvania at Torda, Parajd, Desakna and Mars-Ujvr; and in Hungary at Szlatina, Rnazsk and Sugatag.
		The Orthodox Eastern Church in Hungary is subject to the authority of the metropolitan of Carlowitz and the archbishop of Nagyszebcn (Hermannstadt); under the former arc the bishops of Bflcs, Btida, Temesvr, Versecz and Pakrcz, and under the latter the bishops of Arad and Karflnsebes.
	3.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HU/HUNGARY.htm (19543 words)

	Hungary
		The Kingdom of Hungary, or "Realm of the Crown of St. Stephen", situated between 14 25' and 26 25' E. longitude, and between 44 10' and 49 35' N. latitude, includes, besides Hungary Proper and Transylvania, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and a territory known as the Military Frontier.
		It was encouraged by the existing political conditions of Hungary: the dispute over the succession, with the accompanying civil war; the lack of a properly educated Catholic clergy; the transfer of a large amount of church land to the laity; and the claims made by both aspirants to the throne upon the episcopal domains.
		Catholicism in Hungary was not in a position to oppose this movement at the outset; a properly trained clergy were lacking, on account of the difficulties in the way of education caused by the political confusion.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hungary.html (12342 words)

	History of Hungary
		Hungary was aligned with the Central Powers, but events soon disproved the vainglorious prophecy of Kaiser William II that the Germans would be in Paris by the time "the leaves fall from the trees".
		Hungary's territory was reduced to a third of its previous size, and the country was forced to pay a large indemnity.
		World War II brought heavy losses to Hungary: during the Battle of Stalingrad and the offensive on the Don, 40,000 soldiers of the Second Hungarian Army were killed and 70,000 were captured by the Soviet troops, and heavy damage was inflicted on Hungarian towns by the air raids of the Allies.
	impulzus.sch.bme.hu /info/hunhist.html (12184 words)

	[No title]
		Hungary is not now under lawful government, but is being trampled down by a foreign intruder who is _not_ King of Hungary, being _neither acknowledged by the nation, nor sanctioned by law_.
		Hungary is, in a word, in a state of WAR against the Hapsburg dynasty, a war of legitimate defence, by which alone it can ever regain independence and freedom.
		Yet Hungary did not even then renounce monarchy, but gave instructions to her representative in England to say to the Government of this country, that _if they wished to see monarchy established in Hungary, we would accept any dynasty they proposed_: but it was not-listened to.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/0/6/9/10691/10691-8.txt (16310 words)

	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fortifications.The principal fortifications in Austria-Hungary are: Cracow and Przernysl in Galicia; Komhrom, the centre of the inland fortifications, Ptervrad, O-Arad and Temesvhr in Hungary; Serajewo, Mostar and Bilek in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
		The earliest symptoms of political agitation were in Hungary, where the diet began to show signs of vigorous life, and the growing Slav separatist movements, especially in the south of the kingdom, were rousing the old spirit of Magyar ascendancy (see HUNGARY: History)~ For everywhere the Slav populations were growing restive under the German-Magyar domination.
		In Hungary, on the 31st of March, the government was forced to consent to a new constitution which virtually erected Hungary into an independent state.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AUSTRIA_HUNGARY.htm (20402 words)

	Selected Speeches of Kossuth: Declaration of Independence by the Hungarian Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Hungary itself, the troops quartered were mostly Austrian; and they afforded more protection to the rebels than to the laws, or to the internal peace of the country.
		The rebel force occupied Fiume, and disunited it from the kingdom of Hungary, and this hateful deception was disavowed by the Vienna cabinet as having been a misunderstanding; the furnishing of arms, ammunition, and money to the rebels of Croatia was also declared to have been a misunderstanding.
		Hungary, with Transylvania, as legally united with it, and the possessions and dependencies, are hereby declared to constitute a free, independent, sovereign state.
	www.hrfa.org /kossuth/kosdoi.html (2532 words)

	Sigismund of Luxembourg (from Hungary) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The principle that the consent of representatives of the privileged classes, assembled in the Diet, was necessary for the grant of any subsidy or additional taxation, and even, later, for any legislation, dates from his reign, being made necessary by his extravagance and arbitrariness.
		His frequent and prolonged absences gave rise to the peculiar Hungarian institution of the palatine, an officer elected jointly by the king and the nation, who represented the king during his absences and also acted as intermediary between him and the nation.
		Embassy of the Republic of Hungary in Canberra
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-34792 (1026 words)

	06Hungary1648-1740 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But Thurzó was the last Protestant palatine, and, on his death, the Catholics, at the Diet of Sopron (1625), where they dominated the Upper Chamber, and had a large minority in the Lower, were able to elect Count Miklós Esterházy in Thurzó's stead, the first Catholic since the restoration of the office in 1608.
		In 1661 Montecuculi was sent into Hungary with the wholly inadequate force of 10,000 men, which were to be reinforced by Hungarian levies.
		A widespread suspicion prevailed that Hungary was to be deprived of its liberties and coerced into religious uniformity by the same methods which had been employed in Bohemia in the time of Ferdinand II.
	www.loyno.edu /~nicoll/EastEurope/06Hungary1648.htm (9856 words)

	The Fall of The Medieval Kingdom of Hungary: Mohacs 1526 - Buda 1541
		This explains the respite of five years granted Hungary after 1521, eventhough the Ottomans had voiced their designs against Hungaryopenly, as we know from the report of Marco Minio.
		Poland, whose ruler was tied to the king of Hungary by closekinship relations, would have been the most natural ally, all themore so since Sigismund was just as worried about Habsburg ruleover Hungary as Suleyman was.
		Hungary's meager revenues are insufficient for the defense of such an extensive line of border castles.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/warso/warso13.htm (3892 words)

	document
		The Habsburg response to the Fronde was to strengthen the German garrisons in Hungary, raise
		Hungary between two fires if the Hungarians were to rise up against the Habsburgs again.
		Hungary --- that is, Transylvania --- from the western, Habsburg-ruled part of the kingdom.
	www.geocities.com /NapaValley/4739/document.htm (4669 words)

	Hungary - Historical Flags (Overview) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		24.10.1849 Disannexation of Croatia and Transylvania from Hungary, and partitioning of Hungary to 15 military districts, removing the counties.
		27.12.1860 The territory of the Governorate of Temesh and Serbian Vojvodina is reunited with Hungary
		The Kingdom of Hungary and the Empire of Austria become the parts of the Monarchy of Austria- Hungary.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/hu_hist.html (2042 words)

	Hungarian Declaration of Independence, April 1849
		In point of fact, Hungary and Transylvania, with all their possessions and dependencies, never were incorporated into the Austrian empire, but formed a separate, independent kingdom, even after the adoption of the pragmatic sanction by which the same law of succession was adopted for Hungary which obtained in the other countries and provinces.
		Hungary resisted the projected invasion, but being unable to make head against so many armies at once, on account of the devastation carried on in several parts of the interior by the excited rebels, and being thus prevented from displaying its whole power of defense, the troops were at first obliged to retire.
		Hungary, with Transylvania, as legally united with it, and its dependencies, are hereby declared to constitute a free, independent, sovereign state.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~habsweb/sourcetexts/hungind.html (3627 words)

	Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Embassy of the Republic of Hungary in Zagreb
		According to the Hungarian Constitution, the flag of Hungary is a red-white-green tricolor.
		Now, since Hungary is part of the EU, the sign has been changed to a blue background with the 12 EU stars and the words "Magyar Köztársaság" Republic of Hungary) in the center.
	flagspot.net /flags/hu.html (2729 words)

	Palatine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See Palatinate for vice-regal office-bearers, especially in Germany.
		See County palatine for palatine counties in England
		See Palatine Bone for the bone of the same name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palatine (116 words)

	Buy Hungary Flag
		During the year: The official colours of the flag of the Empire of Austria are the fl and yellow, the official colours of the flag of the Kingdom of Hungary are the red, white and green."
		In 1849-1867, Hungary was under Austrian occupation and the country was divided.
		Fringed flags are quite often in Hungary, as I have noticed - either with CoA or without it, even the flags hoisted outside.
	international-flags.net /buy-online/hungary (544 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		Of these, two areas - Hungary and the Iberian nations, Spain and Portugal, are sufficiently different that they bear little resemblance to the rest of the Empire.
		Currently, this is Emperor Franz Josef I of the Austrian Empire, a young king of 30 years of age, recently wed to Elizabeth of Bavaria (daughter of Duke Maximilian), and with two young daughters and one son, Rudolf, all under ten years old.
		Literacy is high, even among the poor, as a result of a reasonable public education system and the absence of such aliterate forms of entertainment such as radio and television; instead, dime novels, penny dreadfuls, trashy gloss magazines and newspapers are the most common forms of entertainment.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/Nations/roman.htm (2490 words)

	Proclamation of Ferdinand to Jellachich and the Croats, June 184
		We were mistaken in you, to whom the last Diet of the kingdom of Hungary and its dependencies, according to our own sovereign will, granted full part in all the benefits of the enlarged constitutional liberties, and equality of rights.
		The right, also, of constitutional representation was extended to the people with you no less than in Hungary ; in consequence of which no longer the nobility alone, but likewise other inhabitants and the Military Frontier, take part by their representatives in the legilation common to all, as much as in the municipal congregations.
		He who revolts against the law, revolts against our royal throne, which rests upon the law, and Baron Jellachich is accused, with his notorious adherents, of not only opposing the law, but persisting in his disobedience, regardless of the fatherly exhortations which we have addressed to him.
	www.h-net.org /~habsweb/sourcetexts/ferdinand.html (1534 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		[34.4] And, so that all should remain more steadfast by imperial strength, we cause to be stated in precise words the private and common rights of your kingdom and its provinces, duchies, and counties.
		[34.6] We confirm to you the provinces of your kingdom, namely: Pannonia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Stiermark, Istria, the march of Slavonia, the duchy of Estergom and the county of Dubrovnik and Zadar.
		[34.12] Then subscribe or should subscribe kings who are temporarily at court, afterwards patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops, and finally dukes, margraves and palatine counts.
	dobc.unipv.it /scrineum/wight/oln34.htm (1137 words)

	Hungary
		Mar 1241 - 1243 Mongol occupation in eastern Hungary.
		Full style of rulers: There is no extended form of the style (at least after 1528) that does not begin with the imperial style (Holy Roman Empire to 1806, Austria from 1804).
		The Palatine (palatinus regni), in Hungarian Nádorispán, was the traditional highest court official of the kingdom, who stood at the head of the magnates and if necessary was called upon to mediate between the crown and the estates.
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Hungary.htm (3860 words)

	Hungary
		In 1949-1956, on the flag there was the Rákosi CoA.
		However, the tricolor with the CoA in it is more or less used as the de facto national flag.
		I read in one of my books (either Sisa's _Spirit of Hungary_ or Marek's _The Eagles Die_) that when Empress Elizabeth was assassinated in Lucerne on Sept. 9 1898, fl flags were flown all over Budapest.
	www.hampshireflag.co.uk /world-flags/allflags/hu.html (2111 words)

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