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	Palenquero at AllExperts
		Palenquero (also palenque) is a Spanish-based creole language spoken in Colombia.
		Palenquero is spoken in Colombia, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque which is south and east of Cartagena, and in some neighborhoods of Barranquilla.
		A 10% of the population of age under 25 years speaks Palenquero, as of 1998.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pa/palenquero.htm (317 words)

	Palenquero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Palenquero (also palenque) is; a Spanish-based creole language spoken in Colombia.
		Palenquero is spoken in Colombia, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque which is south and east of Cartagena, and in some neighborhoods of Barranquilla.
		A 10% of the population of age under 25 years speaks Palenquero, as of 1998.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Palenquero (294 words)

	Palenquero - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Palenquero (also palenque) is a Spanish-based creole language spoken in Colombia.
		Palenquero is spoken in Colombia, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque which is south and east of Cartagena, and in some neighborhoods of Barranquilla.
		A 10% of the population of age under 25 years speaks Palenquero, as of 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palenquero (270 words)

	UIUC Department of Linguistics:Seminar Abstract: October 13, 2005:José Ignacio Hualde
		Palenquero is a creole language spoken in Palenque de San Basilio, Colombia.
		Although the segmental phonology of Palenquero is virtually identical to that of the neighboring Caribbean Spanish varieties, researchers have often been intrigued by the peculiar intonational patterns of the language.
		The most remarkable aspect of Palenquero intonation is the stable alignment of high tones with accented syllables and low tones with unaccented syllables in all sentential contexts.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /cal/2005/abstracts/200510/hualde10132005.html (244 words)

	[No title]
		What I would like to do today is to compare these three creole languages that have drawn their lexicons from Spanish to see what they do and do not have in common in both their historical development and their modern linguistic structure.
		Palenquero: Its sociolinguistic history Palenquero is a variety of creolized Spanish spoken by the older members of 2,500 people living in an isolated village called El Palenque de San Basilio, located south of the city of Cartagena on the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
		However, the Palenqueros remained fairly isolated from the surrounding Hispanic culture until the beginning of the 20th century, when they were drawn to work on sugar or banana plantations or even the Panama Canal.
	filipinokastila.tripod.com /chaba11.html (4861 words)

	The Early History of Chavacano de Zamboanga: Chabacano versus related creoles
		Palenquero is a variety of creolized Spanish spoken by the older members of 2,500 people living in an isolated village called El Palenque de San Basilio, located south of the city of Cartagena on the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
		A document of 1772 describes the Palenqueros as using a particular language among themselves but speaking Spanish fluently (quoted by Bickerton and Escalante, 1970: 255), suggesting that the community’s current diglossia dates from at least this period.
		Not only does Palenquero have more words derived from Bantu than from west African languages (Bickerton and Escalante, 1970: 261), but it also has Bantu grammatical features like the prefix ma- to mark the plural form of nouns.
	www.zamboanga.com /history/history_chabacano_versus_related_creoles.htm (4754 words)

	Konstanze Jungbluth, PhiN 24/2003: 27-42.
		Furthermore the data of Papiamentu and Palenquero, both Spanish-based Creoles, and of French-based Ayisyen spoken on Haiti are taken into consideration.
		Palenquero, represented by 1 on the map, is spoken by about 3000 people in San Basilio, Colombia.
		I interpret the elision of vowels in Cape Verdean and the elision of consonants in Papiamentu and Palenquero in this sense.
	web.fu-berlin.de /phin/phin24/p24t2.htm (4258 words)

	Wine: Del Maguey Single Village Mezcals, on StarChefs
		After fermentation, the palenquero (distiller) distills the liquor twice in wood-fired stills of copper or clay.
		Their stills are made of clay and bamboo instead of the usual copper, and add a distinctive complexity to the liquor, which shows aromas of figs, baked apples, and vanilla, with floral overtones.
		To make Pechuga, the palenquero puts some Minero back into the still for a third distillation, along with a variety of fruits – pineapples, plantains, mountain plums, etc. – as well as uncooked rice, almonds, and hazelnuts.
	starchefs.com /wine/starspirits/html/del_maguey/del_maguey.shtml (1533 words)

	Swearingen.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Palenquero is a Spanish-based creole thought to have originated from an Afro-Portuguese pidgin.
		There has been a long-standing diglossic situation and both Palenquero and Spanish have been used in the community for several centuries.
		There are differing opinions as to the origin of Palenquero -ba: 1) that it was borrowed from Portuguese/Spanish past imperfect suffix -va/-ba, respectively, or 2) that it derives from the Ptg/Sp word acabar (se) 'finish' (>akaba>ba).
	www.tulane.edu /~ling/LSoRB/Abs/Swearingen.html (289 words)

	CREOLOID STRUCTURES OF THE ISLEÑO DIALECT OF SPANISH
		The purpose of this paper will be to evaluate the Isleño speech pattern phonologically, morphologically, and syntactically to determine its status as a creole or a nonstandard North American dialect of Spanish.
		Comparing the Isleño social matrix with that of Papiamentu in Curaçao and Palenquero of Colombia reveals the lack of sociocultural indications which would foster the development of a creole.
		In Colombia, Palenquero developed as a creole when fugitive African slaves from all parts of the Hispanic colony in Colombia established a fortress in the jungle.
	tell.fll.purdue.edu /RLA-Archive/1989/Linguistics-html/Coles-FF.htm (6080 words)

	In Interview with Ron Cooper of Del Maguey Single Village Mezcals, on StarChefs
		Contracts, communications, schedules, records and payments - not to mention the art aspect - was nothing compared to dealing with government regulations, bureaucracies, and the complexities of individual distributors and their sales staffs in each state and its regions.
		RC: Each palenquero was suspicious at first as their mezcal had never been in a bottle previously and they had never had any dealings with a gringo – in fact, they barely speak Spanish.
		Due to my attitude and Francisco Martinez, a master Zapotec weaver and friend who is DM’s manager and guardian of the Zapotec customs we are now, after nine years, very tightly connected and interwoven, almost like family as we have demonstrated support (not change) for our producers and the traditional Zapotec culture.
	starchefs.com /wine/starspirits/html/del_maguey/interview.shtml (1522 words)

	Criollo Palenquero
		El criollo más antiguo del Caribe es el palenquero, una variedad reestructurada del español.
		Tras más de 100 años de luchas intermitentes, los españoles reconocieron los derechos del palenque a gobernarse por sí mismo a cambio de terminar con las correrías y acoger a los fugitivos.
		El criollo palenquero está basado en el español y se habla, por unas 3.000 personas, en un
	www.proel.org /mundo/palenquero.htm (223 words)

	Department of Spanish and Portuguese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Reconsidering the evidence: Bare nouns in Palenquero and what they really mean.
		Sobre los orígenes (africanos) del paradigma pronominal palenquero (Colombia).
		El palenquero: panorama lingüístico y antropológico de una antigua comunidad cimarrona.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /spanishandportuguese/v2/faculty/schwegler/PapersPresented.shtml (850 words)

	Department of Spanish and Portuguese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		“The myth of decreolization: The anomalous case of Palenquero.” In Degrees of restructuring in creole languages, ed.
		“Superstrate, substrate, convergence: On the multiple origins of Palenquero yo, y-, i- `I'.” In Was ich noch sagen wollte...
		Transcription of Palenquero speech, with word-for-word translation and Spanish translation.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /spanishandportuguese/v2/faculty/schwegler/BooksPublised.shtml (1347 words)

	Amazon.com: Palenquero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hemisphere, in the Spanish creole Palenquero spoken in the isolated community...
		general pardon and freedom, the palenqueros agreed not to shelter new...
		Diaz y Pimienta, gave the palenqueros in 1774 the title of...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Palenquero&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (982 words)

	SOUTHWEST JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS
		Palenquero is a creole spoken in a village located in the northern coastal area of Colombia.
		However, in this paper it is argued that in Palenquero the morphosyntax of the anterior tense and its interaction with clitics is the result of a convergence of Iberian, especially Portuguese, and relevant African languages.
		Examples are provided to underscore the general point that the Iberian influence is understated and may have been more extensive than previously noted.
	www.tamu-commerce.edu /swjl/public_html/swjl/93abstracts.html (912 words)

	SOCIETY FOR PIDGIN AND CREOLE LINGUISTICS
		Essentially, this study examines acknowledged claims that Creole grammars (such as Palenquero's) are distinct from those of other languages (such as Spanish), and determine which (if any) of these differences are present at the discourse level.
		This study shows that parameters of syntactic cohesion and semantic coherence of sentences in Palenquero discourse are basically similar to those of its natural lexifier, Spanish, with differences only existing at a local morpho-syntactic level.
		In sum, this research critically examines the notion of language loss and language learning from a traditional SLA perspective while considering, instead, the process of pidginization in examining the language that these children are acquiring in school.
	www.fiu.edu /~creowksh/SPCL_2002AnnualMeeting_San_Francisco.htm (10817 words)

	bls :: abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Typological classifications of prosodic systems based on binary features (such as presence vs. absence of lexical tone, presence vs. absence of contrastive stress, etc.) can be very useful as a first approximation to linguistic diversity in this domain.
		A statement such as "language L is like Swedish except that x" may provide us with a more clear picture of the prosody of language L than its classification in terms of binary features.
		I will illustrate with examples from Basque and Palenquero, a creole language spoken in Colombia.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /BLS/hualde.html (194 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.1810: Palenquero Language; Coptic Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Dear Linguists, I'm studying spanisch philologie in Mainz/Germany and I have to write an scientifical essay about the creole language palenquero.
		I'm searching for new publications or informations about the palenquero.
		I visited your page but I didn`'t find a new publication If it is possible for anyone to inform me about the internet-adress or send me some new informations, it would be very nice.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-1810.html (289 words)

	IngentaConnect The African Vocabulary of Palenque Colombia: Part 1: Introduction...
		Investigations into African linguistic and cultural remnants in Palenque have been anything but programmatic, and to this date there is no agreement as to just how profoundly African languages contributed to the formation of Palenquero speech.
		Part 3 (1999b [in Spanish]) will examine in greater detail Palenquero Africanisms whose origins are either in doubt or have been given only summarily in Parts 1–2 of the investigation.
		Together, these three studies focus on Bantu lexical survivals in the New World (especially Colombia) to strengthen the historical evidence supporting the linguistic connection between Bantu territories (particularly Kikongo-speaking regions) and the Spanish Caribbean (the Cartagena area in particular).
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/jbp/jpcl/2000/00000015/00000002/art00001 (283 words)

	Teresa Satterfield- Classes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Topics include theories of pidgin and creole formation, the role of language universals, decreolization and the impact on former colonial European languages.
		Languages to be studied include Papiamentu, Afro-Colombian Palenquero, Cape Verde Crioulo, Haitian and other French-derived creoles.
		During the term, each student will pick a creole language or group of creole languages derived from a single European language (e.g.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~tsatter/classes.html (375 words)

	Dateline extra! Alan Kaye Travels to Columbia to Explore Indigenous Language
		It is here that the linguist is studying Spanish dialects and the indigenous language Palenquero.
		"The Palenquero people were Africans who were slaves brought to Colombia.
		In 2004, Kaye was named to a committee to choose Fulbright scholars for participation in programs centered in the Middle East and North Africa.
	campusapps.fullerton.edu /news/dateline/2006/Kaye.html (279 words)

	The American University of Paris \| Faculty \| Kate Green
		Her doctoral dissertation, entitled Non-standard Dominican Spanish: Evidence of Partial Restructuring, represents a culmination of her interests in Latin American history, colonialism and second language acquisition by looking at fossilized features of African languages in the vernacular Spanish of the Dominican Republic.
		She recently completed a chapter on the Spanish creole, Palenquero, to be published in a major reference work in creole studies entitled Comparative Creole Studies (2006).
		Green has expanded her interests to include the process itself of second language acquisition among children.
	www.aup.fr /faculty/dept/LRTcenter/green.htm (369 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1005: Valency, Palenquero, Sinhala & Okinawan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		LINGUIST List 9.1005: Valency, Palenquero, Sinhala and Okinawan
		We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question.
		If anyone reading this either speaks one of these two languages or knows somebody who might be able to help, I would greatly, greatly appreciate hearing from you.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-1005.html (270 words)

	Sociolinguistic variation and language change in El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia)
		The results provide fresh insights into the evolution of Caribbean Spanish in general and (Afro) Spanish varieties in particular.
		Linguistically, Palenquero Spanish (PSp) faces in two directions; in contact with monolingual regional standard Spanish and with the creole, whose influence is discernable both qualitatively and quantitatively.
		The phonology and morphosyntax of PSp share features in common with the most popular varieties of Caribbean-Spanish and with particular speech varieties spoken in several Afro-descended Spanish-speaking communities throughout Latin America.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3197717 (395 words)

	The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio
		The lumbalú, for example, is a collective funeral rite, in which the women play a crucial role as they perform chants and specific rituals.
		Musical expressions such as the bullernege sentado, son palenquero or son de negro accompany collective celebrations, such as baptisms, weddings and religious festivities as well as leisure activities.
		Central for the Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio is the language of palenquero, the only creole language in the Americas comprising a lexical Spanish basis with morpho-syntactic characteristics of African (Bantu) native languages.
	www.unesco.org /culture/intangible-heritage/11lac_uk.htm (388 words)

	Palenquero — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Based on which role you have, you get a selection of skins that you can switch between.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Find and/or purchase publications on "Palenquero" from Amazon.com.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/pln (186 words)

	LOS SUBSTANTIVOS INDETERMINADOS EN PALENQUERO Y EN EL INGLES AFRO-ESTADOUNIDENSE
		Bare nouns in African-American English (AAE) and Palenquero (P) Arthur K. Spears
		Of interest for this communication is that AAE bare nouns can take interpretations reminiscent of those specific to creole languages.
		Keywords: Palenquero; African-American English; bare nouns; definiteness; semi-creoles.
	www.udc.es /dep/lx/acblpe/comunicaciones/Spears.htm (440 words)

	Armin Schwegler (University of California, Irvine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		dialectology, Spanish Phonetics, Pidgin and Creole languages, Historical linguistics, Romance linguistics (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese), Palenquero (creole of N. Colombia) Research interests: African influences (linguistic and cultural) in America; Bantu (esp. Kikongo) survivals in America; traditional African and Afro-American ritual language --- Spanish/Port.
		dialectology, Pidgin and Creole languages (esp. Palenquero, Papiamentu, and Port.-based creoles of West Africa); Selection of recent publications (selection, post 1995): BOOKS: 1996 "Chi ma nkongo": lengua y rito ancestrales en El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia).
		1998 "Palenquero." America negra: panoramica actual de los estudios linguisticos sobre variedades criollas y afrohispanas, ed.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/data/indiv/area/idass/SCHWEGLER,Armin.htm (278 words)

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