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Topic: Paleoanthropologists

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	MSN Encarta - Search View - Human Evolution
		Paleoanthropologists who strongly support this view think that the robusts should be classified in the genus Paranthropus, the original name given to the southern species.
		Paleoanthropologists are engaged in an ongoing debate about where modern humans evolved and how they spread around the world.
		Paleoanthropologists have debated whether early members of the modern human genus were aggressive hunters, peaceful plant gatherers, or opportunistic scavengers.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566394__1/Human_Evolution.html (18702 words)

	Untitled Document
		Most paleoanthropologists used to believe that human evolution consisted of a single line that evolved progressively over time, an australopith species followed by Homo erectus, then Neanderthals, and finally modern Homo sapiens.
		Paleoanthropologists now know that humans first evolved in Africa and lived only on that continent for at least the first two million years of our evolutionary history.
		Many paleoanthropologists believe that early humans migrated into Europe by 800,000 years ago, and that these populations were not Homo erectus.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/Encarta/genushomo.htm (4215 words)

	Walta Information center
		To study these dimensions, paleoanthropologists rely on evidence in the form of artifacts, fossilized bones of ancestors, and the contexts that these things are found in.
		The artifacts and fossils needed by paleoanthropologists to study and understand the past are embedded in geological contexts where they have often lain undisturbed, protected for millions of years.
		The training of future paleoanthropologists is another function of the ongoing research, with students from Ethiopia and elsewhere working closely with senior scientists to learn the techniques, research problems, and field logistics necessary to conduct this kind of research.
	www.telecom.net.et /~walta/profile/articles/article209.html (2920 words)

	The Record of Time: Introduction
		Paleoanthropologists do not look for dinosaurs and other early creatures unless they were closely related to humans.
		In addition, it is important to know how paleoanthropologists date fossils and other evidence of the prehistoric past.
		The complexity and size of their brains, along with their cultural artifacts, indicate that they were far from being a dim-witted, ape-like creature.
	anthro.palomar.edu /time/time_1.htm (1806 words)

	CarlZimmer.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Such are the daydreams paleoanthropolo¬gists indulge in as they endure blazing heat, merciless sandstorms, and years of fruitless fieldwork.
		Some paleoanthropologists, for example, have declared Sahelanthropus to be on the line that led to gorillas, not humans.
		Some paleoanthropologists studying Lucy's skeleton say she walked much as we do, for example, while others say she moved awkwardly on the ground and spent a lot of time in trees.
	www.carlzimmer.com /articles/2003/articles_2003_Humanevo.html (3807 words)

	Kennedy, M. E. --- The Search for Adamþs Ancestors
		Paleoanthropologists focus on physical features of the hominid skeletons and on tool use.
		Paleoanthropologists divide the erectines into two species, based on the jaws and teeth, African location, and smaller brain capacity of H.
		The diagrams differ because the paleoanthropologists do not agree on the specific physical features that should be used to identify ancestral relationships, timing of divergence, and placement of new skeletal finds.
	www.grisda.org /resources/dialogue_0812.htm (2368 words)

	Facts and Fallacies of the Fossil Record--Lesson 5
		One does not have to be a trained paleoanthropologist to recognize that if a fossilized creature looks like a chimpanzee, walks on all fours, and lives in trees, it would be logical to assume that it was a chimpanzee and nothing more.
		Paleoanthropologist David Pilbeam was the first to hastily reach this conclusion.
		According to paleoanthropologists, the fossil record reveals a number of shadowy figures whose exact place in the evolutionary line of descent has not yet been determined.
	giftofeternallife.org /books_articles/books/facts_fallicies/05.shtml (1458 words)

	A Scientific and Biblical Response to "Up from the Apes. Remarkable New Evidence Is Filling in the Story of How We ...
		This practice reflects in part the bias of many paleoanthropologists towards a naturalistic view of mankind's origin and leads to the misperception that human evolution has a stronger basis in fact than actually indicated by the data.
		Paleoanthropologists, Bernard Wood and Mark Collard have presented a convincing argument for the removal of the two closely related species Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis from the genus Homo and their placement among australopithecines.
		The fact that there is no consensus among paleoanthropologists concerning the pathway of human evolution, nor can there ever be given the data available, means that human evolution has not been established as a fact.
	www.godandscience.org /evolution/timeresponse.html (11608 words)

	Hobbit-Like Human Remains Returned to Their Finders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Paleoanthropologists used the dimensions and contours of the skull to reconstruct her face.
		Indonesia's preeminent authority of paleoanthropology, Teuku Jacob, professor emeritus at Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, theorized that the remains were likely to be those of a modern human dwarf with a birth defect called microcephaly, in which a person has an abnormally small brain.
		The original finders and researchers, in announcing their discovery in the October 28, 2004, issue of the science journal Nature, contended that what they had found in the hobbit was a wholly unanticipated, extinct member of the human family.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/05/0523_050523_ngm_hobbit.html (552 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Is 'old man' skull evidence of caring?
		In interviews and the current issue of National Geographic, the paleoanthropologists said caring companions might have helped the toothless man in finding soft plant food and hammering raw meat with stone tools so he could "gum" his dinner.
		She noted that paleoanthropologists digging there had now recovered skulls and skeletons of juveniles, young adults and now older adults.
		Paleoanthropologists and archaeologists plan to return to Dmanisi in June to resume excavations, financed in part by the National Geographic Society.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,600124214,00.html (724 words)

	Facts and Fallacies of the Fossil Record--Lesson 3
		On occasion, even the paleoanthropologist has to undermine the accuracy of a potassium-argon dated artifact when the date for that item does not coincide with what he believes to be true about human evolution.
		For example, paleoanthropologist Alberto Angela, made the following statement when a potassium-argon date for an artifact did not support his previously held notion: “Of course, there may be uncertainties about the dating and interpretation of fossils (and, in fact, there are divergences)”.
		It is also the reason paleoanthropologists believe that certain fossils, essential to evolution theory, are millions of years old.
	giftofeternallife.org /books_articles/books/facts_fallicies/03.shtml (1556 words)

	NU HIST 2055, Lecture 2: Prehistory to the Agricultural Revolution
		Paleoanthropologists, the specialists in human origins, work like historians from fragmentary evidence -- fragments of fossilized bone, usually skull bones.
		The molecular biologists' chronology of human evolution often disagrees with the chronologies constructed by paleoanthropologists, who are basically specialists in old bones and ancient anatomy.
		One of the big questions that paleoanthropologists worry about is whether homo erectus evolved into homo sapiens in one area, in Africa, at a fairly recent time, or whether homo erectus populations all over Africa, Europe, and Asia evolved into h.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/MUHLBERGER/2055/L02ANC.HTM (3174 words)

	Southwestern College Anthropology
		This hominid species is among the oldest/earliest of the genus Homo ("human") known to paleoanthropologists in the fossil record, dating from about 2.4 to about 1.75 MYA (million years ago), at which time it quickly - in paleoanthropological terms - evolved per the current consensus model into the species Homo ergaster.
		As was true of the australopiths generally, the earliest Homo species showed much greater sexual dimorphism than is found among contemporary humans, with the adult females averaging about 3 1/2 feet in height, and the males about 5 feet tall.
		The consensus among paleoanthropologists is that it was one or more of the earliest Homo species, including Homo habilis, that manufactured the first stone tools, the so-called "pebble tools" and their associated flakes, known as the Oldowan tool tradition.
	www.sckans.edu /~anthro/habil.html (288 words)

	Origin of bipedalism seems most closely tied to environmental changes
		Now, after an extensive study of evolutionary, anatomical and fossil evidence, a team of paleoanthropologists has narrowed down the number of tenable hypotheses to explain the origin of bipedalism and our prehuman ancestors' method of navigating their world before they began walking upright.
		The hypothesis they found the most support for regarding the origin of bipedalism is the one that argues our ancestors began walking upright largely in response to environmental changes -- in particular, to the growing incidence of open spaces and the way that changed the distribution of food.
		The process of increasing commitment to bipediality probably involved "an extended and complex opening of habitats, rather than a single, abrupt transition from dense forest to open savanna," he said.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /scitips/02/05bipedal.html (423 words)

	Southwestern College - Winfield, KS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A nomenclature debate among paleoanthropologists gives an alternative genus/species name for this robust East African australopith hominid population: Paranthropus boisei.
		In either case, this group of early hominids (extinct about 1.2 million years) is not on the direct ancestral line to contemporary Homo sapiens, standing instead in a cousin relationship to modern humans.
		The ruggedness of the dental architecture of this specimen leads scholars to the conclusion that it was male; he carries a potassium/argon date of 1.8 million years.
	www.sckans.edu /anthro/index.php?page_ID=305 (334 words)

	BOOKS: Prehistoric Potboilers
		But few paleoanthropologists have actually had the nerve to go public with their most imaginative musings, at least partly because they are so conscious of the gulf between what can and cannot reliably be said.
		Eschewing time machines and historical settings, both authors have opted to have modern paleoanthropologists come face to face with relict populations of early hominids in remote and unexplored corners of the world: the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan in Darnton's case, southern Kenya in Popescu's.
		If you want to read a novel that uses a contemporary paleoanthropologist's discovery of thought-to-be-extinct-but-alive-after-all hominids to launch an ingenious and thoughtful exploration of what it means to be human, see if your local library or used-book store still has a copy of Vercors' You Shall Know Them, which was published back in the 1950s.
	www.time.com /time/international/1996/960617/books.prehistoric.html (683 words)

	07.11.2001 - UC Berkeley paleoanthropologists find oldest hominid
		The fossils are the earliest hominid known, and date from close to the time when human ancestors are believed to have split off from the chimpanzees on the first steps of their evolutionary trip to modern Homo sapiens.
		The fragmentary fossils, which include teeth, a jawbone, hand, arm and collar bones, and one toe bone, appear to be from family members of the species discovered in 1994 by an international team led by UC Berkeley paleoanthropologist Tim White.
		Haile-Selassie also noted that fossils found in Kenya last year and dated at 6 million years by a team of French paleoanthropologists are ambiguous, even though the researchers claimed they are the oldest human ancestor and named the fossil creature Orrorin tugenensis.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2001/07/11_bones.html (1013 words)

	Russell Ciochon -- African Emergence and Asian Dispersals of Homo
		Paleoanthropologists have therefore explained dispersion as a separate stage of development, and as the result of "internal" factors, such as population saturation and technological advances in tool making and resource scavenging.
		Working together, archaeologists and paleoanthropologists have found that diverse research areas such as Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley and the Turkana Basin yield somewhat different patterns of early hominid occupation for any given period, based on the availability of stone raw materials for tools and water resources.
		Paleoanthropologists have argued for years about the name of this hominid species.
	www.uiowa.edu /~bioanth/homo.html (8417 words)

	Dr. Meave Leakey speaks to GSU about our early hominid ancestors
		The world famous paleoanthropologist was invited by GSU's Campus Life Enrichment Committee to speak Thursday night to students and faculty about her life in science and about her most recent early hominid find what Leakey calls Kenyanthropus platyops.
		When paleoanthropologists discover a bone from what is believed to be a human ancestor, they immediately compare the find to the hundreds of other species already found.
		One famous paleoanthropologist that strongly disagrees with Leakey's judgment is Dr. Tim White at the University of Michigan.
	www.stp.georgiasouthern.edu /George-Anne/arc7/spr02/NewEdition0325/news1.html (1458 words)

	Human Origins - Discover Magazine - science news articles online technology magazine articles Human Origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Those same scanners also make it possible for paleoanthropologists to look inside the fossils of ancient hominids and see things that until now have been shrouded in mystery.
		When they try new reconstructions, paleoanthropologists often wind up damaging the fossils as they cut through the glue and varnish that held pieces together.
		Although the find was remarkable, it wasn’t until this year that a team led by French paleoanthropologist Michel Brunet used CT scans to create a virtual model of the skull, revealing precise measurements of the size of the brain cavity and information about the angle at which the spinal cord exits the brain.
	www.discover.com /issues/oct-05/features/human-origins (1620 words)

	Tuesday, August 22, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He gives a dramatic account of his debates with leading paleoanthropologists, including Tim White, a professor of integrative biology at the University of California in Berkeley.
		Tobias, former head of the department of anatomy and human biology at Witwatersrand and founding director of the Paleoanthropology Research Unit, built up the bulk of the institution's collection of about 600 hominid specimens over 32 years.
		Berger said in an interview that he was not worried by the threat of legal action and said he stood by everything he said in the book.
	chora.virtualave.net /footsteps-eve.htm (572 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Much discussion between scientists who study fossil bones (Paleoanthropologists) and scientists who study the genetics of organisms (molecular biologists) has centred on a new theory relating to the beginnings and evolution of hominids.
		Fossil evidence, the traditional view, is challenged by this new hypothesis.
		Paleoanthropologists, who believe humans evolved in different parts of the world at a gradual rate, dispute the theory that the molecular biologists propose.
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /man/Theory2.html (173 words)

	Reconstruction of Human Fossils
		Paleoanthropologists rarely discover complete and undamaged vertebrate fossils.
		The original bones may have been torn apart by carnivores, and the fossils further broken down and scattered by geological processes and weathering.
		Even more important, visual programming allowed the paleoanthropologists to be actively involved in the design process, which proved critical for the rapid development and successful us of CAA.
	opendx.sdsc.edu /publications/anthropology/human-fossils (1612 words)

	College and University Dialogue
		In the search for human origins, three major groups of scientists—paleoanthropologists, evolutionary phylogeneticists, and molecular anthropologists—approach the problem from three very different perspectives.
		Paleoanthropologists are scientists who study exclusively human origins.
		6 Paleoanthropologists divide the erectines into two species, based on the jaws and teeth, African location, and smaller brain capacity of H.
	dialogue.adventist.org /articles/08_1_kennedy_e.htm (2750 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Paranthropus robustus
		In the 1960's paleoanthropologists began to note similarities between all of the early human species before the appearance of Homo.
		Many favor the separation of these species into a robust genus of early human, for which the name Paranthropus was the first used, and therfore has seniority over all other names.
		Itis this classification that we favor here, but it should be noted that there is, as yet, no consensus among paleoanthropologists on this issue.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/rob.htm (404 words)

	PEOPLES OF THE WORLD: PREHISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		When paleoanthropologists discover fossils beds and early hominid sites they also find a large quantity of non-hominid fossil remains.
		For example, by using comparative anatomy of living animals we can tell whether the environment would be sutable for forest, woodland, savanna, riverine, or marine mammals.
		One the most important jobs of a paleoanthropologist is to put fossils and sites into a chromological framework.
	anthroclass.com /lectures/lbanth313/class2.html (2001 words)

	[No title]
		According to the latest findings of paleoanthropologists, the immediate evolutionary predecessors of Homo sapiens are known as Homo erectus, whose skeletal remains have been found on several continents and are known by several different popular names such as "Java Man" and "Peking Man".
		Although Homo erectus walked upright like humans, used fire, and made crude stone tools, its brain capacity was somewhat smaller than that of a modern human, and it had much more primitive features in the face, such as heavy brow ridges and a receding chin.
		The most recent of these is Australopithecus africanus, which most paleoanthropologists consider to be the evolutionary ancestor of Homo habilis.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2437/hominid.htm (2104 words)

	Reasons To Believe: Ethiopian Hominid No Threat to Origins Model
		Paleoanthropologists have no undisputed indication from the archeological record that Neanderthals, or any other hominid, engaged in religious activity.
		The Ethiopian finds, unearthed and described by a team headed by UC Berkeley paleoanthropologist Tim White, consisted primarily of three fossilized crania, two adult and one juvenile.
		[6] The paleoanthropologists were quite clear, however, that Homo sapiens idaltu was anatomically distinct from modern humans.
	www.reasons.org /resources/apologetics/idaltu_ethiopian_hominid_no_threat_to_origins_model.shtml?main (1188 words)

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