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Topic: Paleocene

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	Paleocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The end of the Paleocene (55.5/54.8 Ma) was marked by one of the most significant periods of global change during the Cenozoic, a sudden global change, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which upset oceanic and atmospheric circulation and led to the extinction of numerous deep-sea benthic foraminifera and on land, a major turnover in mammals.
		Paleocene and later plant fossils are generally attributed to modern genera or to closely related taxa.
		Examples of Paleocene crocodylians are the euschian crocodile Leidyosuchus formidabilis, the apex predator and the largest animal of the Wannagan Creek fauna, and the alligator Wannaganosuchus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paleocene (1332 words)

	Paleocene
		The name Paleocene refers to the "old(er)-new" faunas that arose after the demise of the dinosaurs and prior to the emergence of modern mammalian orders in the Eocene.
		The Paleocene follows the Cretaceous Period and is followed by the Eocene Epoch.
		The end of the Cretaceous/start of the Paleocene is marked by a major, and extensively studied, extinction event.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Paleocene.html (326 words)

	Palaeos Cenozoic: Paleocene: The Paleocene Epoch
		A Paleocene bestiary - archaic mammals and a reptile
		Other Paleocene groups included Cretaceous survivors such as the multituberculates, the marsupials, and several groups of the insectivores and insectivore-like mammals, and the Plesiadapiformes, a group of squirrel-like animals more or less transitional between insectivores and primates.
		The Paleocene carnivorous mammals of Laurasia had to share their world with giant flightless birds of prey like Diatryma and it's cousins (order Diatrymiformes), which appear suddenly during the late Paleocene and continue through to the Middle Eocene.
	www.palaeos.com /Cenozoic/Paleocene/Paleocene.htm (866 words)

	Paleocene - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Paleocene Epoch, first of the divisions of the Paleogene Period of the Cenozoic Era on the geologic time scale, spanning an interval from about 65...
		Paleontology : The Cenozoic Era : Paleocene Epoch
		The Paleocene epoch (65 million to 55 million years ago) marks the beginning of the Cenozoic era.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Paleocene.html (80 words)

	Paleocene epoch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In Montana and Wyoming the Fort Union shales and sandstones, laid down during this epoch, are noteworthy because they overlie undeformed upper Cretaceous sediments, thus recording the demise of the dinosaurs and the rise of mammals.
		The Paleocene mammals were mostly small herbivores similar to their Mesozoic ancestors.
		Some of the fossil evidence from Paleocene sediments is difficult to explain; Alaska, for example, clearly had broad-leafed evergreen floras that typically grow in tropical forests.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/Paleocen.html (338 words)

	Response of Plant
		The late Paleocene sample is sample 2 of (9), a lumped Clarkforkian assemblage.
		The Paleocene sample is time-averaged over ~0.5 million years, during which some temperature increase occurred (9, 12, 25), whereas the more diverse Eocene sample is not significantly time-averaged and is derived from fewer localities.
		The primary goal of initial collecting (1994 to 1996 field seasons) was to reconstruct floral diversity and leaf morphology, with some resulting collection bias against common species and consequently against their insect damage.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Ecology/response_of_plant.htm (2377 words)

	Tectonic History of Paleocene Coal Basins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In early Paleocene time, about 65 million years ago, the north side of the future basin began to accumulate sediments at a faster rate than the south side, because of uplifting of the Granite Mountains to the south.
		By middle Paleocene time, the Wind River basin began accumulating a thick succession of lake sediments on its north side as the basin was rapidly depressed due to crustal loading from thrust faulting along its northern margin.
		Later, during the late Paleocene, the Wind River basin accumulated an even thicker wedge of lake sediments, but during this phase of development, the lake bordered the thrust-faulted margin of the growing Owl Creek Mountains.
	energy.cr.usgs.gov /coal_poster/tertiary/tect.hist.html (401 words)

	Paleocene mammals of the world
		Besides the arctocyonids, members of the Periptychidae were the dominant condylarths of early Paleocene faunas in North America (the so-called Puercan fauna).
		A third family of condylarths, the Hyopsodontidae, got important later in the Paleocene when the periptychids had already passed the zenith of their evolution.
		Phenacodontids were the dominant mammals in the latest Paleocene of North America and account for up to 50% of all mammal specimens in faunas of that age.
	www.paleocene-mammals.de /condylarths.htm (3708 words)

	Paleocene mammals of the world
		Undisputed members of the order Lipotyphla are first known from the Paleocene, and they already include members of the two major divisions of living lipotyphlans: Hedgehogs and kin on the one hand, and shrews and their relatives, including moles, on the other hand (30).
		Several Late Paleocene insectivores, such as Litolestes from Wyoming and Adapisorex from France and Germany, are sufficiently similar to hedgehogs to be classified in the same family, the Erinaceidae (31).
		Two upper teeth of an unnamed animal from the Late Paleocene of Morocco are vaguely similar to the teeth of tenrecs and golden moles and may represent an early relative of these African insectivores.
	www.paleocene-mammals.de /insectivores.htm (7964 words)

	Paleocene mammals of the world
		At the beginning of the Paleocene epoch, the world was practically without larger sized terrestrial animals.
		By this time, the landscape was teeming with small insectivorous and rodent-like mammals, medium sized mammals were searching the forests for any kind of food they could cope with, the first large (but not yet gigantic) mammals were browsing on the abundant vegetation, and carnivorous mammals were stalking their prey.
		Despite this impressive diversification, most Paleocene mammals are still on a primitive level of anatomy in comparison to mammals of today.
	www.paleocene-mammals.de (404 words)

	Geologic Time: The Paleocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Paleocene is the first epoch of the Cenozoic.
		Nevertheless, Earth's climate during the Paleocene was significantly warmer than it is today, and subtropical conditions existed around the world.
		Browsing animals (leaf-eaters) were also prevalent in the Paleocene, many of which have descendants that can be found in modern tropical and subtropical environments.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/paleocene.htm (483 words)

	Evidence for a Paleocene Evolutionary Radiation
		Claims of Cretaceous primates were based on earliest Paleocene finds of plesiadapiforms that occur together with reworked Cretaceous mammals (Lofgren, 1995); the affinity of plesiadapiforms and primates is contentious and the two are at best sister groups (Beard, 1993).
		In any case, the earliest Paleocene shift certainly had a more important long-term effect than other other sudden transition during the Cenozoic: by the 1--0 MYA interval mean mass had increased by only another 1.17 ln g.
		For example, if the extraordinary early Paleocene burst of speciation and morphological evolution was correlated with intense selection at the molecular level, that might have created a simultaneous speed-up in the molecular clock across all early Paleocene lineages.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /~alroy/Paleocene.html (4931 words)

	Lower Paleocene Mammals of the Denver Basin, Colorado
		Those opening million years of the Paleocene produced a rapid radiation of mammals, and placentals were the pacemakers in North America.
		A pollen sample also points to the lowermost Paleocene, and fossil leaves are in agreement.
		It would simply mean the mammal "Age" was slightly out of sync with the K-T border, which was originally defined on the basis of marine animals on the other side of the Atlantic.
	www.geocities.com /trevor_dykes/denverbasin.htm (2612 words)

	Paleocene and Modern Termites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All but the turtles were carnivorous and therefore these non turtles would not be as effected by a phosphorus shortage as the herbivores.
		The horses which became apparent later in the Paleocene had a small fragile head with a set of small, short crowned teeth devoid of both enamel and cement.
		I would be inclined to tentatively assign the alluvium forest to Paleocene or Eocene and the savanna to upper early Cretaceous, just before the demise of the Pterosaurs.
	www.angelfire.com /nc/isoptera/paleocene.html (4308 words)

	Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1995, Gerry Dickens, University of Michigan, argued that only methane gas had enough light carbon to produce the early Eocene plunge.
		He proposed that a belch of methane escaped from ice in seafloor sediments as the Earth warmed during the latest Paleocene.
		The methane escaped from submarine clathrates, ice crystals that trap methane hydrate, a form of methane 'ice' that forms in cold bottom water under great pressures and is widely distributed and plentiful in sediments on the outer edges of continental margins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paleocene-Eocene_Thermal_Maximum (860 words)

	POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS IN CARRYING PALEOCENE POLLEN CORRELATIONS BEYOND THE SOUTHEAST TO OTHER PARTS OF THE U.S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Little has been published about pollen biostratigraphy of the lower Paleocene of the western Gulf Coast, but lower Paleocene samples of unknown age from that region could probably be effectively correlated with sections in the Southeast.
		Paleocene pollen in Massachusetts is represented only by reworked specimens in Miocene sediments, but these specimens are sufficient to demonstrate that both lower and upper Paleocene strata were sources of sediment deposited in the Miocene ocean of that region.
		Paleocene pollen floras of the North Slope of Alaska are more similar to those of Wyoming than to those of the Southeast, but at least in the upper Paleocene, some rough synchroneity of assemblages with those of the Southeast can be demonstrated.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001SE/finalprogram/abstract_4288.htm (425 words)

	Paleocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Paleocene Epoch (meaning "early dawn of the recent") starts both the Cenozoic Era and Tertiary Period some 65 million years ago and extended until 55 million years ago.
		It was during the Paleocene that some common plant forms first appeared: the pines, the cacti, and the palms.
		During the Paleocene, birds began to diversify and occupy new niches.
	www.carlwozniak.com /earth/Paleocen.html (211 words)

	Palynology and palynostratigraphy of Maastrichtian, Paleocene, and Eocene strata in the Denver Basin, Colorado -- ...
		Palynology and palynostratigraphy of Maastrichtian, Paleocene, and Eocene strata in the Denver Basin, Colorado -- Nichols and Fleming 37 (2): 135 -- Rocky Mountain Geology
		Palynology and palynostratigraphy of Maastrichtian, Paleocene, and Eocene strata in the Denver Basin, Colorado
		Paleocene and early Eocene woods of the Denver Basin, Colorado
	rmg.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/37/2/135 (465 words)

	The Paleocene Epoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The chart at left shows the major subdivisions of the Paleogene, the first portion of the Tertiary Period, including the Paleocene Epoch.
		The Paleocene Epoch is part of the Cenozoic Era.
		Paleocene Mammals - A summary of known fossil mammals at this critical time in their evolutionary history.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /tertiary/pal.html (93 words)

	Mammal - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Although mammals existed alongside the dinosaurs, mammals only began to dominate after the mass extinction of the dinosaurs 65 mya, in the Cenozoic.
		During the next 8 million years, the Paleocene period (64–58 mya), mammals exploded into the ecological niches left by the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		Paleocene Mammals, a site covering the rise of the mammals
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/m/a/m/Mammal.html (1874 words)

	Paleocene dinosaurs and the reinforcement syndrome
		The thought of Paleocene dinosaurs is quite heretical and has implications beyond the issue of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		Second, Fassett and colleagues performed geochemical studies on various fossils from the Cretaceous and Paleocene layers and found distinctive chemical differences between the fossils from the two periods, especially with the amount of uranium uptake in the bones.
		The finding of what appears to be solid evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs has a number of implications (I say ‘appears to be solid’ because the evolutionary scenario has many possibilities for explaining away anomalies so that this result can change overnight).
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v17/i3/dinosaurs.asp?vPrint=1 (2762 words)

	os41a in fm97
		Three species of marine mollusks from the upper Paleocene Mount Moore Formation, Ellesmere Island (76.7°N, 81°W), are utilized in this analysis: {\it Corbicula}, a brackish water clam, {\it Arctica ovata}, a brackish water to shallow marine clam, and {\it Dentalium}, a shallow marine scaphopod.
		The range in isotopic values between the different molluscan species is consistent with the varying influence of temperature and freshwater influx in their growth habitats.
		The PEB climate is found to be substantially different from that of both the present and the hypothetical "background" Eocene climate.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm97&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm97/fm97&maxhits=200&="OS41A" (2045 words)

	The Paleocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era
		The Paleocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era
		By the end of the Paleocene, North America’s last large sea retreated to the Gulf of Mexico.
		As the landmass has not changed significantly in latitude since the Paleocene, the evidence of these floras is a puzzle.
	www.science501.com /PTPaleocene.html (254 words)

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