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Topic: Palestinian exodus

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	Palestinian exodus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of the Palestinian Exodus is closely tied to the events of the war in Palestine, which lasted from 1947 to 1949.
		Based on the aforementioned alleged prevalent idea of transfer, and on actual expulsions that took place in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Walid Khalidi, a Palestinian historian, introduced in 1961 a thesis according to which the Palestinian Exodus was planned in advance by the Zionist leadership.
		He argued that there was an omnipresent understanding during the war that as many Palestinian Arabs as possible had to be transferred out of the Jewish state, and that that understanding stood behind many of the expulsions that the commanders on the field carried out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palestinian_exodus (6024 words)

	Palestinian refugee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Furthermore, in 1948 and 1949, 46,000-48,000 Palestinians were internally displaced within Israel[5]; including descendants, they number 150,000-200,000 today, and for the most part have yet to recover their confiscated land.
		To allow all Palestinian Arabs and their descendants to return home, would mean that Israel would cease to exist as a Jewish state, given the majority of the population would be non-Jewish if all of the refugees were to return.
		Palestinians in the West Bank who had regular Jordanian passports were issued these temporary ones upon expiration of their old ones, and entry into Jordan by Palestinians is time-limited and considered for tourism purposes only.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palestinian_refugee (1635 words)

	The Defeat
		The Palestinian people's appeals to the British authorities, the British government, the League of Nations and the United Nations Commission were all in vain.
		As if their military inferiority were not enough, the Palestinian nationalist movement finally had to call off the strikes and attacks in 1936 at the request of the Arab beads of state.
		By 1948 the Palestinians had lost their best fighters and leaders by the people in the towns and villages were exhausted and demoralized by the violence of Jewish terror groups and by British repression.
	www.geocities.com /chabaan_2000/defeat.HTM (2958 words)

	The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined , by Dominique Vidal
		The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined, by Dominique Vidal
		The exodus was divided into two broadly equal waves: one before and one after the decisive turning-point of the declaration of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 and the intervention of the armies of the neighbouring Arab states on the following day.
		This document sets at 391,000 the number of Palestinians who had already left the territory that was by then in the hands of Israel, and evaluates the various factors that had prompted their decisions to leave.
	mondediplo.com /1997/12/palestine (3651 words)

	Historical Controversy of Causes of Paletinian Refugee Problem
		Another historian William Polk suggested that Jewish eviction of Palestinian civilians became quite common in the latter half of 1948 (Polk, 1957:293), whilst Christopher Sykes argued that the exodus in the "later stages was consciously and mercilessly helped on by Jewish threats and aggression toward Arab populations" (Sykes, 1965:354).
		Khalidi concluded that the exodus was caused by "a mixture of Zionist psychological and terroristic warfare" (Khalidi, 1959).
		A minority of Palestinians in Nazareth, the Galilee and elsewhere remained in place; 5) At the conclusion of the war, Israel made a considered decision to prevent the return of the refugees, irrespective of the outcome of peace negotiations with neighbouring states (Morris, 1987:286-294; Morris, 1986a; Morris, 1986b; Morris, 1986c; Morris, 1986d).
	www.ajds.org.au /mendes.htm (6238 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Monitoring group blames Israel for Palestinian exodus from Hebron
		Roar Sorensen of the Temporary International Presence in Hebron, said difficult conditions in the area of the city under Israeli control had led to an exodus of what may be 15,000 of its 35,000 Palestinian residents.
		He said he believed that 15,000 Palestinians may have left the sector over the past three years, but a lack of data made a precise estimate impossible.
		Palestinian officials were not immediately available to comment, while a settler spokesman accused the monitoring group of being biased.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20040216-0921-israel-hebron.html (543 words)

	Talk:Palestinian exodus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herzl is a prominent Zionist, and since the Palestinian exodus took place during their war with the Zionists, the predisposition of Zionists with regards to the prospect of a Palestinian exodus is highly relevant to the article.
		It is relevant because it refers directly to the issue of a Palestinian exodus, and it is important because Zionist ideology is what drove the whole Zionist movement in immigrating, settling and fighting for this country.
		While a few Palestinian Arabs were amenable to Jewish immigration, most were not, and incidences of violence between the communities occurred, including the Hebron Massacre of 1929 and the bombing campaigns of the Irgun the decade after.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Palestinian_exodus (15188 words)

	Reclaiming History
		The brutal Israeli Army tactics which triggered the little-known "second exodus" from Palestine, emptying such camps as Aqabat Jabr and Ein Sultan, may be repeated in further mass expulsions in the 1990s.
		Israel's tactics in expelling or terrorizing 750,000 Palestinians into fleeing their homes in the "first exodus" of 1948 and 1949 are by now fairly well known.
		Palestinian villages near the Latrun salient were treated with special ferocity.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0390/9003017.htm (993 words)

	THE FORGOTTEN REFUGEES: the causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries
		Their exodus is attributed not to anti-Semitism, but rather to a malicious Zionist conspiracy including instances of bomb-throwing aimed at achieving mass Jewish emigration to Israel (Hirst 1977; Wolfsohn 1980; Shiblak 1986; Alcalay 1993:45-51; Bahry 1996:111; Gat 1997:2; Abu Shakrah 2001).
		The Jewish exodus from Iraq was influenced by, and coincided with, a wave of bombings which took place between April 1950 and June 1951.
		The Palestinian intellectual Edward Said describes this "wholesale persecution of communities, preeminently but not exclusively the Jewish ones" as reflecting a "xenophobic enthusiasm officially decreeing that these and other designated alien communities had to be extracted by force from our midst" (Said 2001:208-209).
	www.ajds.org.au /mendes_refugees.htm (3768 words)

	Understanding the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
		The 1948 War and the Palestinian Exodus - The single most important event in Israeli-Palestinian history.
		Palestinian Refugees - The fate of the 6 million Palestinian refugees from the 1948 and 1967 wars remains the most explosive issue in the conflict.
		Palestinian Citizens of Israel - Like indigenous peoples everywhere, the 1 million Palestinians in Israel are second-class citizens in their native land.
	www.is-pal.net (344 words)

	Exodus of Palestinian Christians
		As Palestinians we grieve for what we have lost, and few people (the Ashkenazi Jews are one) have lost more than us.
		I believe that many Americans know of the existence of Palestinian Christians, but unfortunately I believe that their view has been adulterated by slanted journalism that depicts the siding of a few Palestinian Christians with Yassar Arafat as indicative of the beliefs of the general Palestinian Christian population.
		If Christian Palestinians want to be supported by Americans then they must be seen standing firmly for the faith and against the violence of the Intifada.
	www.lastday.info /email9.html (2542 words)

	ei: Munich, or Making Baklava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Exodus insists that Ben Canaan’s threat of suicide bombing was not an idle one.
		Exodus is invested in depicting Jewish colonists as ultra-civilized compared to the Palestinians, shown throughout the film in Bedouin garb (parading as village and city apparel) as a measure of their backwardness.
		If the good Palestinian in Exodus was the collaborator Taha, who was killed by the Palestinians for his treason, Munich offers the terrorist Ali who is killed by the Israelis for not being like Taha, confirming that the only good Palestinian is a dead Palestinian.
	electronicintifada.net /v2/article4449.shtml (1726 words)

	Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Palestinian Street did not react to it enthusiastically, and the demonstrations were scattered in a small number of villages.
		In short, the Palestinian protests were not in proportion with the Zionist crimes for which the “anger” was ignited.
		The Palestinians are no longer trusting an authority that wants to make use of their national sentiments to serve its narrow interests in talks with the Zionist government.
	www.palestinetimes.net /issue97/articles.html (15467 words)

	[No title]
		Karmi further asserts that the current clashes between Israelis and Palestinians are not at all fueled by Islamic extremism or a Palestinian desire to ultimately destroy Israel, but rather by Israel's refusal to permit the Palestinians to realize their purely secular ambition for a just appropriation of land.
		There are two Islamist groups, but they have a minority support only, and the majority of the Palestinians resist an occupation, they resist the taking of their land, and of course that was what the conflict was always about with Israel.
		Karmi writes, for example, "One of the least noted aspects of Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon was the removal to Israel of truckloads of crucial Palestinian archives and documents from the PLO Research Centre in Beirut.
	www.discoverthenetwork.org /individualProfile.asp?indid=1701 (1053 words)

	The Massacre of Sabra and Chatila in 1982 By Professor Dr. Ahmad Al-Tal
		Despite the fact that Israel was itself responsible for the Palestinian exodus, the common feelings of hostility of Israel and the Phalangists to the Palestinians led to a secret alliance between them.
		Therefore, the motivation for causing by similar means another exodus of Palestinians, this time from Lebanon, was a common objective of Israeli leaders, and their Phalangist allies.
		Israel’s participation in prior massacres directed against Palestinian people creates a most disturbing pattern of a political struggle carried on by means of mass terror directed at the civilians, including women, children, and the aged.
	www.jerusalemites.org /crimes/massacres/1.htm (1098 words)

	Elia Zureik: Palestinian Refugees Must be Allowed to Choose
		They claim instead that the Palestinian exodus was prompted by calls from Arab leaders for Palestinians to flee--or simply by the tragedy of war--even though substantial evidence from recently declassified official Israeli sources reveals premeditated plans to expel and transfer indigenous Palestinians across the borders into other Arab states.
		Allowing Palestinian refugees to return might disturb Israel's "fragile demographic balance" or "change the character" of the state, to use the euphemisms of the day.
		Tightly gripping the rusted key to her family's farm near Jaffa, she asked her interviewer how she should explain to her grandchildren, who had known only the stench of the camp's open sewers, what it was like to wake up to the scent of fresh lemons.
	www.arts.mcgill.ca /MEPP/PRRN/papers/zureik-latimes.html (761 words)

	United for Peace : Palestinian Refugees Must Be Allowed to Choose
		In 1948, 800,000 Palestinians were expelled or fled out of fear from their homes in what is now Israel, and they never have been allowed to return.
		Even were we to assume that the Palestinian exodus was caused by the unintended consequences of war, it is still hard to see how this justifies Israel's continued prevention of the refugees' return.
		The Palestinian refugees did not choose their past; it was forced on them.
	www.unitedforpeace.org /article.php?id=419 (825 words)

	ei: The Case for Israel, a Critical Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This was the deliberate and premeditated use of powerful military hardware against a civilian population with the pronounced intent of forcing that population to choose between uncertain death and certain exile.
		Dershowitz's description of the exodus from Jaffa is entirely misleading, and stands in stark contrast to his treatment of the Arab attack on the Jerusalem-bound medical convoy.
		Neither, however, is the admission of the Syrian leader Khalid al-Azm that the Arab countries urged the Palestinian Arabs to leave their villages until after the victory of the Arab armies final proof that the Palestinian Arabs in practice heeded that call and consequently left.
	electronicintifada.net /v2/article3927.shtml (7334 words)

	Research Guide to the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
		Nafez Nazzal, The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948, Beirut: The Institute for Palestine Studies, 1978.
		According to a Palestinian eyewitness, 70 young men were blindfolded and shot to death, one after another, by Israeli troops in front of the assembled villagers.
		In Benny Morris, "Revisiting the Palestinian Exodus of 1948," in Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.), The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.
	www.robincmiller.com /melink1.htm (10697 words)

	The 1948 War and the Palestinian Exodus
		The war led to the destruction of Palestinian society, the creation of the still-unresolved Palestinian refugee problem, and the establishment of the state of Israel.
		Dominique Vidal, "The Expulsion of the Palestinians Re-Examined," Le Monde Diplomatique, December 1997
		Simha Flapan, "The Palestinian Exodus of 1948," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol.
	www.is-pal.net /1948.htm (371 words)

	Sharon wanted to trigger Palestinian exodus to Syria in '82: Israeli paper [Free Republic]
		Sharon announced publicly that the object was to flush out 2,000 PLO fighters who he claimed stayed behind when the bulk of the forces were evacuated at the end of August.
		Ten days after the massacre, the Israeli daily Ha'aretz reported that Israeli intelligence had concluded the killing "was not the result of an explosion of (Phalangist) anger and a desire for vengeance (for the killing of Bashir) as claimed by the Israeli authorities".
		"Finally, the Palestinians should be encouraged to overthrow the Hashemite Kingdom and convert Jordan into their own national state," which could serve as a refuge for West Bank and Gaza Palestinians pushed across the frontier by Israel.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b48950a5244.htm (1295 words)

	Powell's Books - Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (2ND 04 Edition) by Benny Morris
		Its startling revelations about how and why 700,000 Palestinians left their homes and became refugees during the Arab-Israeli war in 1948 undermined traditional interpretations as to whether they left voluntarily or were expelled as part of a systematic plan.
		In this title, Morris explores the realities behind the Palestinian exodus of 1948 during the Arab-Israeli war.
		While the focus of this edition remains the war and exodus, new archival material considers what happened in Jerusalem, Jaffa and Haifa, and how these events led to the collapse of urban Palestine.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-0521009677-3 (648 words)

	St Mary's College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		MASALHA, N, Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of 'Transfer' in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948 (Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992) (Reprinted in 1993, 1999, and 2001), 235 pp.
		MASALHA, N, 'Palestinian Autonomous Area: Recent History and Economy', and 'Jordan-History', in The Middle East and North Africa 2006, Regional Surveys of the World, 52th.
		November 1996, giving a paper on 'The Palestinian Refugees and the Peace Process: Restitution of Property and Rehabilitation', Department of Politics, University of Oslo, Norway.
	www.smuc.ac.uk /research/masalha.html (2111 words)

	ipedia.com: Palestinian exodus Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Palestinian Exodus is the name given to the refugee flight of some 520,000 to 1,000,000 Arabs during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, ca...
		They fled from their homes in what was then known as Palestine and would become the State of Israel to other parts of Palestine or to neighbouring countries.
		Additionally, widespread looting and several cases of rape (12 total per Benny Morris[1]) took place during the evacuation.
	www.ipedia.com /palestinian_exodus.html (3241 words)

	jean claude davreux - PALESTINIAN EXODUS - Artist Portfolio - Online Art Gallery
		PALESTINIAN EXODUS / Painting Acrylic / 70cmx90cm / private collection
		Description: Palestinian expelled of Beirut.Ethnic cleansing by houses demolitions.The eviction of the inhabitants prepare the creation of Eretz Israel, from the Sea to the Jordan river.
		Images are copyright of the individual artists and may not be reproduced without permission.
	www.artq.net /ArtView.asp?artwork_id=SVZN54108273665429 (193 words)

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