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Topic: Palmares (quilombo)

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	United States and Brazil: Palmares and Slave Resistance / Brasil e Estados Unidos: Palmares e a Resistência ...
		The best-known quilombo, Palmares, was built in the seventeenth century in the interior of the northeastern province of Alagoas.
		A "Quilombo" was a community organized by rebel or fugitive slaves as a means of resistance to the oppressions and tortures of slavery.
		Os quilombos refletiam as comunidade tribais africanas e eram construídas em lugares de difícil acesso para dificultar a recaptura de escravos.
	international.loc.gov /intldl/brhtml/br-1/br-1-3-2.html (630 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Zumbi
		The quilombo was a refuge of runaway slaves.
		Quilombo dos Palmares was a self-sustaining republic of fugitive slaves escaped from the Portuguese settlements in Brazil, "a region perhaps the size of Portugal in the hinterland of Bahia" (Braudel 1984 p 390).
		By 1678, the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco, Pedro Almeida, weary of the longstanding conflict with Palmares, approached its leader Ganga Zumba with an olive branch.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Zumbi (468 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Palmares had been created in the end of the 16th century, when the first escaped slaves hid there.
		In the engenhos and senzalas, Palmares was synonym of the promised land, and Zumbi, considered immortal, was seen as it's brave guardian.
		Palmares' army was competent, although the lack of weapons and ammunition.
	www.openroda.hpg.ig.com.br /articles/zumbi.htm (860 words)

	Roots of Intolerance: Slavery in Brazil
		Palmares is a mountainous area located in the northeast of Brazil.
		Palmares is a mountainous area of 150 km of length and 50 km of width, close to the coast and covered with forests and palm trees - that's the reason of the name Palmares.
		Palmares dropped in 1694 and its leader, Zumbi, died.
	library.thinkquest.org /C008212F/resistence2.htm (246 words)

	Capoeira
		This Quilombo led by King Ganga Zumba and later King Zumbi offered the example of one of the few democratic and free societies in Brazil during the period of enslavement.
		Quilombo dos Palmares offered fierce resistance to the invading Portuguese armies who wanted very badly to see it destroyed, so much so, that they sent seven armies and spent almost 100 years trying to bring about the destruction of Palmares.
		In 1695 the Portuguese were finally successful and Palmares was disbanded in series of intense battles, however, many survived and took their Capoeira with them so that it could live on today.
	www.negogato.org /capoeira.html (410 words)

	Zumbi dos Palmares
		In an attack on the quilombo in 1677, one of Ganga Zumba’s sons was murdered and two others were captured.
		Zumbi, as ruler of the quilombo, is largely responsible for that.
		He led the slaves of the Palmares in their struggle and resistance against the Portuguese and, eventually, to their emancipation.
	www.maculeleatlanta.com /Capoeira/zumbi/zumbi.html (480 words)

	washingtonpost.com: For Some Brazilian Slave Descendants, Home at Last
		Quilombos stayed alive even after slavery officially ended in 1888, as social and economic isolation compelled millions of the freed Afro-Brazilians to remain.
		These sons and daughters of slaves were almost certainly doomed to decades of struggle in a country where laws and tradition have conspired to make large plots of land the almost exclusive province of the country's wealthiest, most politically influential classes.
		The rights of quilombo residents became a priority for leaders of the Afro-Brazilian rights movement, and over the past five years the government gradually has begun to issue the titles.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A54182-2001Jan27?language=printer (1312 words)

	Brazil: Quilombolas protest against Aracruz Cellulose
		Quilombo was the name given to communities of escaped slaves during the colonial period in Brazil.
		The most famous quilombo settlement was in an area called Palmares in north east Brazil, named after the wild palms growing on the hills.
		Zumbi was eventually taken prisoner and beheaded in November 1695 and almost 100 years of quilombo resistance came to a close.
	www.wrm.org.uy /bulletin/103/Brazil.html (813 words)

	Sul da Bahia - San Francisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zumbi was the last leader of the "Quilombo do Palmares." He was the nephew of Ganga Zumbi (great chief), the leader of the Quilombo before Zumbi.
		Palmares sheltered fugitive slaves, Indians, and even white people who were being persecuted by the Portuguese.
		On February 6, 1694, Palmares was finally destroyed during the second attack led by Domingo Jorge Velho (1614-1703).
	www.suldabahiasf.org /zumbi.htm (356 words)

	Zumbi dos Palmares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zumbi was born inside the "Quilombo dos Palmares" (largest maroon colony of escaped slaves), 1655.
		The complex of Palmares was located in what is today's the state of Alagoas (Serra da Barriga), northeast Brazil.
		The "Quilombo dos Palmares" fought for 65 years against Portuguese & Dutch colonizers, but was finally destroyed in 1694 by Domingos Jorge Velho and his troops.
	www.capoeiranyc.com /zumbi.html (188 words)

	Amazon.com: Quilombo: DVD: Jonas Bloch,Daniel Filho,Telma Reston,Maurício do Valle,Luis Motta,Kim Negro,Babaú da ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Plot Synopsis: Palmares is a 17th-century quilombo, a settlement of escaped slaves in northeast Brazil.
		Palmares defied the Portuguese empire for almost a century, and represented a threat to the province's plantations because they were often raided and the slaves were freed.
		It is said that 'Palmares' had developed its own business schemes with free-lance merchants and local ranchers as well, creating also not only the threat of slave mutiny but the threat that presented the diversity in crops around the quilombo, which contrasted sharply with the monocultures, thus the economic interests of plantations.
	www.amazon.com /Quilombo-Jonas-Bloch/dp/B0009WIE8E (1846 words)

	BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - Palmares, Zumbi and Blacks - October 95 cover story
		Palmares was a state founded by maroons, or runaway slaves, which flourished in Northeastern Brazil throughout most of the seventeenth century.
		The external history of Palmares from the expulsion of the Dutch in 1654 to the destruction of Palmares in 1694 is one of frequent Portuguese incursions — sometimes more than one a year — and Palmarino reprisals and raids.
		The trade with Palmares was such that many colonials opposed war with the Palmarinos, and in the 1670s there was widespread opinion that establishing peace with Palmares was the best way to achieve stability in the colony.
	www.munair.com /Zumbi.html (5633 words)

	Palmares (quilombo) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Palmares was the general name given by the Portuguese in Pernambuco and Alagoas to the interior districts behind the settlements on the coast, especially the mountain ranges.
		Churches were common in Palmares partly because Angolans were frequently Christians, either from the Portuguese colony or from the Kingdom of Kongo, which was a Christian country at that time.
		Zumbi's brother continued resistance, but Palmares was ultimately destroyed, and Velho and his followers were given land grants in the territory of Angola Janga, which they occupied as a means of keeping the kingdom from being reconstituted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palmares_(quilombo) (1518 words)

	Oppression and Resistance in Jamaican Reggae and Afro-Brazilian Music
		Not only was Palmares capable of surviving the ongoing invasions of Holland and Portugal, but it was able to experience a period of prosperity throughout which the Palmarinos lived with dignity and harmony.
		As well, Palmares served as an obstacle to the further expansion of the Portuguese colony and was a challenge to the white, European supremacy of the territory (Stam, 1997, p.
		At its peak, the population of Palmares was estimated to be roughly 20,000 strong (Stam, 1997, p.
	debate.uvm.edu /dreadlibrary/davila.html (6776 words)

	Capoeira Legends: Association of Schools of Capoeira
		The last leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a kingdom formed by runaway slaves (mainly of Angolan origin) throughout the 17th Century.
		Palmares was the longest standing quilombo, and had its own complex social order and structure, made up of runaway slaves, native people, and those born free in the quilombo.
		Zumbi fought against the quilombo invaders and in the end, rather than be captured, he leapt off a cliff and died.
	www.melcapoeira.netfirms.com /capmest.htm (765 words)

	Nueva Literatura: Zumbi dos Palmares
		Los quilombos han sido descriptos por muchos historiadores, de manera completamente equivocada, como una forma subalterna de la resistencia a la esclavitud, en la medida en que no tenían una concepción de conjunto, un 'proyecto político', etc., sino que se 'limitaban' a agrupar esclavos fugados de las plantaciones.
		En realidad, el quilombo, o sea, la fuga y creación de un foco de resistencia en forma de comunidad productiva, es la forma más tradicional de revuelta de los esclavos en la historia de la humanidad.
		Justamente, la importancia histórica del Quilombo de Palmares es una muestra que, frente a la crisis del régimen colonial, la revuelta esclava presentaba un alto potencial subversivo en relación al régimen esclavista en su conjunto.
	www.geocities.com /zonaliteratura/zumbi.html (4973 words)

	Amazon.ca: Quilombo: DVD: Carlos Diegues,Jorge Coutinho,Mauricio do Valle,Daniel Filho,Vera Fischer,Zeze Motta,Antonio ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Quilombo de Palmares was a real-life democratic society, created in Brazil in the 17th century.
		This incredibly elaborate (and surprisingly little-known) film traces the origins of Quilombo, which began as a community of freed slaves.
		Being curious about slavery outside of the US, Quilombo seemed to be a good start for me to get a visual sense of what the slaves endured during those times.
	www.amazon.ca /Quilombo-Carlos-Diegues/dp/B0009WIE8E (1205 words)

	Zumbi and Palmares, Brazil
		Palmares — History records many qullombos; nevertheless, the Quilombo of Palmares, the greatest in extension and duration and spreading across various points of the sierra, endured practically 100 years, between 1600 and 1695.
		Around 1654, the Quilombo of Palmares was composed of many villages where the escaped Africans lived in freedom.
		With the quilombos, the maintenance of African identity and of the costumes functioned as the cement of the communities, stimulating numerous slave escapes from the surrounding sugar plantations.
	www.hierographics.org /yourhistoryonline/Zumbi--PalmaresBrazil.htm (697 words)

	Fundação Cultural Palmares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		"Palmares também abrigou um percentual de indígenas e estes marcaram também a história da resistência contra à escravidão", frisa.
		A Fundação Cultural Palmares recebeu, por termo de entrega concedido pela Secretaria do Patrimônio da União Federal, em 7 de abril de 1998, certidão a qual passa para a sua responsabilidade, a manutenção e preservação do sítio histórico da Serra da Barriga.
		A República dos Palmares, como chegou a ser conhecida, iniciou sua formação em 1597 e durou até 1695, situada numa vasta área da Capitania de Pernambuco, principalmente na comarca de Alagoas, em uma região serrana que atingia até 500 metros de altitude, coberta por florestas e de acesso muito difícil.
	www.palmares.gov.br /003/00301009.jsp?ttCD_CHAVE=232 (756 words)

	AlterNative Brazil
		Before slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1887, slaves who escaped hid in forests where they set up independent communities called quilombos.
		The most important and famous of these quilombos was the Republic of Palmares in the State of Alagoas, which lasted 65 years and at one time, had nearly 30,000 inhabitants.
		This quilombo was destroyed in 1695 and its inhabitants were killed or sent back into slavery.
	www.alter-nativbresil.com /ingles/a_la_carte/maceio_quilombo_palmares.asp?mapa_local=2&menu=5 (81 words)

	:: rogerebert.com :: Reviews :: Quilombo (xhtml) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Brazil, the word quilombo refers to a community of free men, and it carries with it an echo of the original Quilombo dos Palmares, or Palm Nation, which was founded in the early 17th century by runaway slaves in the forests of northeastern Brazil.
		No doubt by now the legend of Palmares has been liberally rewritten in fantasy and myth - it is presented in this movie as a sort of democratic utopia - but it remains an important symbol in the history of a nation that claims to be color-blind.
		"Quilombo" is Carlos Diegues's new film about the century-long rise and fall of Palmares, but it is not simply a historical epic.
	rogerebert.suntimes.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19860606/REVIEWS/606060302/1023 (430 words)

	sem8-compfilm
		The missionary is the exception to the anti-white stance of the film, as when the Quilombo attacks plantations the churches are spared since the freed slaves recognize the priests as being good to the slaves while they were in captivity.
		The Quilombo thrives until the leader, Ganga Zumba, agrees to negotiate with the Portuguese government on taking up on a reservation that would be under white control.
		The Quilombo in Palmares lasts a century, largely because the leaders of the Quilombo understand the white system, an understanding the slaves in the other two films lack.
	www.lehigh.edu /~ineng/sem8/sem8-compfilm.html (547 words)

	Zumbi dos Palmares (English version)
		For the slaves, Palmares is the Promised Land.
		quilombo is regimented and there is guerrilla warfare; fires in the cane fields all the way to the ports of Recife and Porto Calvo.
		I see that he is invited to take part in the war against Palmares in return for a fifth of the value of the fls recaptured, plus land and pardon for any crimes committed by his men.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /zumbi_dos_palmares2.htm (4135 words)

	Quilombo, O El Dorado Negro
		A “quilombo” is a community of runaway slaves.
		9) Many of the songs that you'll hear in the film ("Quilombo," "Zumbi of Palmares," etc...) are actual folk songs that were written at the time and have been passed down over the generations.
		Quilombo- all of the waters of all of their tears irrigated it
	www.grossmont.edu /carlos.contreras/History114/journal_entries/Quilombo.htm (760 words)

	Capoeira History & Philosophy!
		In the 16th century, escaped-slaves founded a number of "Quilombos", in which the art of Capoeira was further perfected.
		Many escaped-slaves, before they could reach the Quilombos, were captured by the "Capitão-do-mato" that ironically were sometimes African decedents or mulatos themselves.
		The "Quilombo dos Palmares" fought for many years and was finally destroyed in 1694 by Domingos Jorge Velho and his troops.
	www.capoeiranyc.com /study.html (2573 words)

	The Slave King: Zumbi of Palmares - Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata - Let's Get Free - Revolutionary - Pan-Africanism ...
		As was so often the case in the long history of wars against Palmares, the soldiers found the settlement virtually abandoned when they arrived; the Palmarinos would receive advance word of expeditions from their spies in the colonial towns and sugar plantations or engenhos.
		The external history of Palmares from the expulsion of the Dutch in 1654 to the destruction of Palmares in 1694 is one of frequent Portuguese incursions - sometimes more than one a year - and Palmarino reprisals and raids.
		The "Relação das guerras feitas aos Palmares," from the term of Governor Dom Pedro de Almeida, reported that campaign, mentioning several mocambos that constituted Palmares: Zambi, Acotirene or Arotirene, Tabocas, Dambrabanga, Subupira, the royal compound of Macaco, Osenga, Amaro, and Andalaquituche.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/showthread.php?t=296 (3958 words)

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