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Topic: Palomar Testbed Interferometer

	Palomar Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Palomar Observatory is a privately-owned observatory located in San Diego County, California, 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain.
		The word palomar is from the Spanish language, dating back from the time of Spanish California, and means pigeon house (in the same sense as henhouse).
		The Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), sponsored by the National Geographic institute, was completed in 1958 (The first plates were shot in November 1948 to and the last in April 1958).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palomar_Observatory (694 words)

	Palomar Testbed Interferometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer is a near-IR, long-baseline stellar interferometer located at Palomar Observatory in north San Diego County.
		It was built by Caltech/JPL and is intended to serve as a testbed for developing interferometric techniques to be used at the Keck Interferometer.
		It began operations in 1995 and acheieved routine operations in 1998, producing more than 35 refereed papers in a variety of scientific journals covering topics from high precision astrometry to stellar masses, stellar diameters and shapes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palomar_Testbed_Interferometer (179 words)

	Encyclopedia: Palomar Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Palomar Observatory is a privately-owned observatory located in San Diego County, California, 90 miles southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain.
		The 200-inch Hale reflector is the principal instrument at the Palomar Observatory of the California Institute of Technology.
		With the successful casting of this large mirror, the Palomar project, conceived by George Ellery Hale (1868-1938), and funded with a grant of $6 million by the Rockefeller Foundation, moved toward the completion of the largest reflecting telescope in the world by 1948.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Palomar-Observatory (569 words)

	Interferometer
		An Interferometer is when you use two or more seperate telescopes together to enhance their signals, as if the signal was coming from one giant telescope.
		One of the most cutting edge interferometers is the Palomar Testbed Interferometer which uses two 16 inch telescope mirrors to increase the sharpness as if it were 360 feet in diameter.
		This interferometer was designed and built by researchers from the Jet Propulsion Laboratroy in Pasadena and is being used as a testbed for the Keck telescopes in Hawaii.
	hyper.vcsun.org /HyperNews/rrains/get/IRQ6g/3.html?admin (309 words)

	Caltech Press Release, 9/27/2000, Dr. Shri Kulkarni, Shrinivas Kulkarni
		Researchers using the testbed interferometer at Palomar Observatory have achieved the best-ever distance measurement to a type of star known as a Cepheid variable.
		The improvement is due to the use of the Palomar Testbed Interferometer, of which JPL engineer Mark Colavita is the principal investigator and codesigner.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer was designed and built by a team of researchers from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena led by Colavita and Michael Shao.
	pr.caltech.edu /media/Press_Releases/PR12081.html (817 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA04204
		Palomar Observatory is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, which also manages JPL for NASA.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer was designed and built by a team of JPL researchers led by Drs.
		Funded by NASA and managed by JPL, the interferometer is located at the Palomar Observatory near the historic 200-inch Hale Telescope.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA04204 (755 words)

	Mt Palomar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Palomar Observatory is a privately-owned observatory located in San Diego County, California,90 miles southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain.
		The Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), sponsored by the National Geographic institute, was completed in 1958 (The firstplates were shot in November 1948 to and the last in April 1958).
		This program makes use of the Palomar QUEST Variability survey [4] that began in the autumn of 2001 to map aband of sky around the equator.
	www.therfcc.org /mt-palomar-137203.html (531 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Palomar observed
		But Palomar Mountain is home to three other noteworthy optical telescopes, all owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology, plus the Palomar Testbed Interferometer, which employs three scopes of its own, and a trio of sky-scanning devices.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer, a cutting edge technology with the resolving power of a 360-foot optical telescope, is revealing the visible universe in ever-greater detail.
		At Palomar, this means piping light from the three 20-inch telescopes to a central processing unit.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20051102-9999-lz1c02palomar.html (2426 words)

	Palomar Observatory
		POSS also exists in digitized form (i.e., the photographic plates were scanned), both in photographic form as the Digital Sky Survey (DSS) [1] and in catalog form as the Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner (MAPS) Catalog [1].
		This program makes use of the Palomar QUEST Variability survey [1] that began in the autumn of 2001 to map a band of sky around the equator.
		This search switched to a new camera installed on the 48 inch Oschin Schmidt Telescope at Palomar in summer of 2003 and the results are used by several projects, including the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking project.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/palomar_observatory.html (576 words)

	Ben Lane's Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI), where I do most of my research (I am a memeber of the PTI Collaboration), operates at wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.4 microns (H,K bands) and has a "baseline" (aperture separation) of 110 meters.
		However, I should point out that interferometers are very limited in what they can observe - they require bright, high-contrast sources (after all, you don't have the same mirror area as a large telescope), and hence you couldn't use an interferometer to actually image a man standing on the Moon...
		Since the interferometer measures the visual orbit of the components in a binary system, it - when combined with radial velocity data - allows one to solve for all the orbital parameters of the system, including orbital inclination and hence component masses.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /~ben (1818 words)

	Scripps Ranch Palomar Observatory
		The Palomar Observatory, located in north San Diego County California, is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology.
		Palomar Observatory is home to the historic Hale 200-inch telescope.
		The Palomar Observatory is open to the public from 9:00 a.m.
	www.scrippsranch.com /listing-30-Palomar_Observatory.html (198 words)

	University of Florida News - UF, NASA astronomers eye star with midriff bulge
		Using the California-based Palomar Testbed Interferometer, which links multiple telescopes at Palomar Mountain near San Diego, scientists at the University of Florida and NASA measured the star’s radius at different angles on the sky.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer uses three 20-inch telescopes in pairs to simulate the resolution of a much larger single telescope.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer is paving the way for such missions as the Keck Interferometer, Space Interferometry Mission and Terrestrial Planet Finder that are part of NASA’s Origins program.
	news.ufl.edu /2001/07/25/starbulge (660 words)

	Palomar Testbed Interferometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A complementary technique is astrometry, where the transverse motion of the star is measured with respect to nearby "reference" stars.
		Several years ago, theoretical calculations of the limits of ground based astrometry due to atmospheric turbulence showed that very narrow angle astrometry with long baseline interferometers could achieve an astrometric precision that was perhaps 100 times better than what was generally accepted in the 1980's.
		In addition PTI is designed to test several key technologies for the Keck interferometer as well as future space based interferometers, SIM.
	pti.jpl.nasa.gov (225 words)

	Prototypical Operations Support Tools for NASA Interferometer Missions: Applications to Studies of Binary Stars Using ...
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) is a two-element infrared interferometer located at Palomar Mountain, San Diego County, California (Colavita 1999).
		PTI was developed as a proof-of-concept for three NASA optical and infrared interferometers: the Keck Interferometer (a ground-based visible and infrared interferometer), the StarLight Mission (a space-based formation-flying visible wavelength interferometer) and the Space Interferometry Mission (a space-based visible astrometric interferometer).
		In spite of its testbed origins, PTI is a fully-functional astronomical interferometer capable of performing scientific investigations.
	adass.org /adass/proceedings/adass00/D-13 (1119 words)

	Interferometer Gauges Space - February, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Researchers working at the testbed interferometer at the Palomar Observatory have confirmed the feasibility of the Baade-Wesselink approach to measuring the distance to Cepheid variables, stars that pulsate in diameter over a regular period and that display an equally regular change in their apparent luminosity.
		The technique requires a high-resolution stellar interferometer to determine the apparent change in the angular diameter of the Cepheid, which may be thousands of light-years away.
		Certain technological advances were required, however, to realize the precision of the 300-foot Palomar testbed interferometer and to design the 1000-foot monsters currently in the works.
	www.photonics.com /spectra/tech/XQ/ASP/techid.1021/QX/read.htm (570 words)

	Universe Today - Distance to Pleiades Calculated
		The new results come from careful observation of the orbit of Atlas and its companion -- a binary relationship that wasn't conclusively demonstrated until 1974 and certainly was unknown to ancient watchers of the sky.
		Using data from the Mount Wilson stellar interferometer, next to the historic Mount Wilson Observatory, and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer at Caltech's Palomar Observatory near San Diego, the team determined a precise orbit of the binary.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer was designed and built by a team of researchers from JPL led by Mark Colavita and Shao.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_distance_pleiades_calculated.html (758 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Interferometer
		Researchers at the university's Institute of Optics relied on a highly sensitive laser interferometer to detect individual flu viruses, 5 nanometer gold particles, and 10 nanometer polystyrene particles that were swept past a laser beam in a stream of water.
		The astronomers have observed the region in the rotational transitions of the 12CO, 13CO and C18O molecules, and in the adjacent continuum at 3 mm.
		Still, he said, Palomar has four telescopes and an interferometer, and many astronomers conduct research using infrared methods that are not disrupted as much by the glare.
	telecom.surfwax.com /files/Interferometer.html (5002 words)

	Caltech Press Release, 1/21/2004, Shrinivas Kulkarni
		The new results come from careful observation of the orbit of Atlas and its companion--a binary relationship that wasn't conclusively demonstrated until 1974 and certainly was unknown to ancient watchers of the sky.
		Using data from the Mt. Wilson stellar interferometer (located next to the historic Mt. Wilson Observatory in the San Gabriel range) and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer at Caltech's Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, the team determined a precise orbit of the binary.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer was designed and built by a team of researchers from JPL led by Shao and JPL engineer Mark Colavita.
	sulaco.caltech.edu /emp/Media/Press_Releases/PR12480.html (863 words)

	[No title]
		Popular handout items included the SIM White Paper, the 'pocket interferometers', and folders with flyers describing the Michelson Fellowship Program, which is new this year.Thanks are due to everyone who helped out in preparing and staffing the exhibit.
		RECENT RESULTS FROM PALOMAR TESTBED INTERFEROMETER The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) is a 110m baseline interferometer operating at 2.2 um, located atop Palomar Mountain.
		The null depth was recorded by scanning the interferometer optical path difference through the null position, and recording the output power on a power meter.
	planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov /Navigator/library/newsletters/2-99.txt (989 words)

	Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer
		First fringes with the interferometer used siderostats, similar to those used at Palomar Testbed Interferometer.
		As part of the interferometer project, a second adaptive optics system was developed for Keck-1, providing phased pupils at near- and mid-IR wavelengths.
		It uses an achromatic nulling interferometer to null the light from the central star on two parallel 85-m baselines, which then feed a fringe-scanning beam combiner.
	planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov /Keck/keck_subsystems.cfm (1619 words)

	MSC -- Palomar Testbed Interferometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI, depicted here on the right) is a near-IR, long-baseline stellar interferometer located at Palomar Observatory in north San Diego County.
		It was developed primarily to demonstrate the utility of ground-based differential astrometry in the search for planets around nearby stars, and to develop key technologies for the Keck Interferometer and space-based missions.
		It is the first interferometer to have directly measured the diameter changes of a Cepheid variable star, and directly measured the rotational oblateness of a rapidly rotating star.
	msc.caltech.edu /palomar.html (201 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Key science goals of the survey include the large-scale structure of the Milky Way and the Local Universe, an accurate census of stars in the solar neighborhood, and the discovery of new brown dwarfs and active galactic nuclei.
		KI: The Keck Interferometer (KI) unites the twin 10-meter Keck Telescopes in Hawaii to create the largest optical/near-infrared interferometer in the world, equivalent to a single 85-m diameter telescope with a spatial resolution of 5 milliarcseconds in the near-IR.
		PTI: The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) is a near-infrared stellar interferometer located at Palomar Observatory and operated by JPL.
	www.ipac.caltech.edu /Main/subpages/missions.html (1267 words)

	Citebase - The Visual Orbit of 64 Piscum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Authors: Boden, A. Lane, B. We report on the determination of the visual orbit of the double-lined spectroscopic binary system 64 Piscum with data obtained by the Palomar Testbed Interferometer in 1997 and 1998.
		We have determined the visual orbit for the spectroscopic binary iota~Pegasi with interferometric visibility data obtained by the Palomar Testbed Interferometer in 1997.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) is a long-baseline infrared interferometer located at Palomar Observatory, California.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9905207 (930 words)

	Palomar Testbed Interferometer: Recent Progress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) is a long-baseline infrared interferometer that has been installed at Palomar Mountain, CA.
		It is funded by NASA to demonstrate technology for the upcoming Keck Interferometer.
		PTI has a 110-m baseline, 40-cm apertures, and uses active fringe tracking and active delay lines for observations at 2.2 um.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v28n4/aas189/abs/S042003.html (174 words)

	Palomar Testbed Interferometer
		An experimental arrangement at Palomar Observatory, funded by NASA, to demonstrate key technologies that will be used in the Keck interferometer and, eventually, in future space-based interferometers, such as the Space Interferometry Mission.
		Light from a cosmic source is collected by three small telescopes located in separate buildings about 110 m apart and directed through pipes to a central building where the beams are combined.
		"The Palomar Testbed Interferometer," Astrophysical Journal, 510, 505 (1999).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/PalomarTI.html (154 words)

	[No title]
		For most of these developments, advanced ground and space based telescopes and interferometers are currently in operation or under development and they will provide this technology heritage for TPF to build on.
		The figure below shows an existing testbed interferometer at JPL that has enabled the investigation of some of these areas, and has already reached a null depth of a part in 20,000 on a laser source.
		A first study of separated spacecraft with interferometer connections is being made with the DS-3 mission.
	tpf.jpl.nasa.gov /technology/Technology.doc (733 words)

	The Hindu : Star with midriff bulge seen
		For the first time ever, a star spinning so fast its mid-section is stretched out has been directly measured by an ultra-high- resolution NASA telescope system on Palomar Mountain near San Diego.
		Altair is a perfect example -- it rotates at least once every 10.4 hours, and the new Palomar observations reveal the diameter at its equator is at least 14 per cent greater than at its poles.
		The Palomar Testbed Interferometer has three 50-centimeter (20- inch) telescopes.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2001/08/02/stories/08020101.htm (603 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Close-up on pulsating star
		The achievement of Dr Shri Kulkarni and colleagues, at the Palomar Observatory of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, will help scientists calibrate the scale of the Universe and allow them to measure the distances to galaxies more accurately.
		Now, using the Palomar Testbed Interferometer, Dr Shri Kulkarni's team have watched the disc of Zeta Gem enlarging and contracting over a 10-day period.
		The apparent size of a star on the sky is about the same as the apparent size of an astronaut on the Moon as seen from the Earth.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_944000/944840.stm (532 words)

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