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Topic: Palynomorphs

	PALYNOLOGY DEFINITIONS
		"Palynomorphs" include both plant and animal structures that are microscopic in size (from about 5 µm to about 500 µm), and are composed of compounds that are highly resistant to most forms of decay other than oxidation, being composed of sporopollenin, chitin,, or related compounds.
		Opaline phytoliths are neither palynomorphs nor aquatic microfossils, being the siliceous remains of certain cells of higher plants.
		PALEOPALYNOLOGY: The study of fossil palynomorphs, where "fossil" is defined as "any indication of past life" including the term "sub-fossil." Fossil palynomorphs are comprised of sporopollenin, chitin, or pseudochitin little modified from their original composition.
	www.geo.arizona.edu /palynology/ppalydef.html (1259 words)

	Science 1973
		The same study reported presence of palynomorphs in the Cumnock Formation of the Newark Group in North Carolina, and another palynological study has been published on material from the Pekin Formation (3) of that state.
		The palynomorph assemblage from the Portland Formation can readily be differentiated from that of the Shuttle Meadow Formation, the most striking difference being that Circulina meyeriana Klaus, which comprises 85 to 95 percent of the Shuttle Meadow flora, is much less abundant in the Portland.
		Classopollis torosus ((Reissinger) Balme, absent in the Shuttle Meadow, is abundant in the Portland.
	www.sunstar-solutions.com /sunstar/science73/1stpaper.htm (3119 words)

	CENEX at LSU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These entities, collectively called palynomorphs, were and are produced in prodigious quantities by a variety of terrestrial, aquatic, and marine organisms.
		Palynomorphs are of particular use in non-marine sediments because calcareous marine microfossils, such as foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils, are absent.
		However, even in marine deposits there are palynomorphs that can complement foraminifera and nannofossils or that can be used in their stead in deposits whose calcareous fossils have been dissolved.
	www.geol.lsu.edu /Faculty/Wrenn/cenex/history.htm (207 words)

	Ordovician Palynomorphs of Argentina
		The palynomorphs come from fl shales of the lower part of the Santa Rosita Formation and has been interpreted as transitional early to late Tremadocian age from trilobite evidence.
		The palynomorphs from the Acoite Formation indicated a temperate paleolatitudinal location for northwestern Argentina, transitional, near the limit of the cold water Perigondwana Realm (units climatically controlled as suggested Servais and Fatka, 1997).
		All palynomorph assemblages confirm the previous graptolite-based age for Los Azules Formation (early Llanvirn-early Caradoc) and exhibits similarities with coeval assemblages from the Northern Hemisphere and Gondwanaland.
	www.unt.edu.ar /fcsnat/INSUGEO/geologia_16/15-Vergel.htm (6058 words)

	Palynology
		Palynomorphs are particularly susceptible to degradation by oxidising agents.
		The term palynology is derived from the Greek for sprinkle, and was suggested by Hyde and Williams in 1944.
		The thermal state of the organic matter, as well as composition of both amorphous matter and palynomorphs is taken into account to recreate the palynofloral and tectonic history for a particular area.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /GeolSci/micropal/palynology.html (668 words)

	Devonian Times - Red Hill Palynology
		Within paleontology, these remains (palynomorphs) are typically used for biostratigraphy (using fossil organisms to determine the relative age of geologic deposits), but they have sometimes proved useful in sedimentology, paleoecology and paleoclimatology.
		There is a wide variety of marine palynomorphs (e.g., acritarchs, dinoglagellates and foraminiferans), but palynomorphs of terrestrial origin typically consists of either the spores or pollen of vascular plants.
		Another problem is that palynomorphs are often not assignable to "mother plants".
	www.devoniantimes.org /who/pages/palynology.html (628 words)

	[No title]
		Most of the palynomorph spectra from Lake Somerville are comparable to those described by Frederiksen (1981) from the Gibbons Creek lignites from Grimes County, designated as Manning Fm.
		Given the possible influences of sampling technique, the palynomorph floras are not significantly different at the two sites, and the Lake Somerville Spillway spectra are consistent with the assignment of these lignites to the Manning Fm.
		Few palynomorph taxa are restricted to the Jackson Group, and few of these restricted taxa are present in the San Miguel samples.
	www.columbiagypsy.net /finalbio.htm (5264 words)

	Untitled Document
		Palynomorphs are distinct from nannofossils (the specialty of that most illustrious researcher, Dave Watkins).
		Nannofossils are smaller that palynomorphs (lest than 5 micron according to texts, sorry Denise) and are composed of calcium carbonate which is destroyed in palynomorph processing.
		Therefore the palynomorph from pollen grains is the outer microspore wall.
	www-class.unl.edu /geol846/intro.html (752 words)

	Untitled Document
		Importantly, palynomorphs are present in certain types of rocks that are otherwise lacking in fossils.
		Palynomorphs are sensitive indicators of various aspects of the environment.
		Palynomorphs often represent organisms that undergo rapid evolution so they are very useful for dating (I know that I already said that, but it is worth saying again).
	www-class.unl.edu /geol846/geopal.html (2057 words)

	CAP Article: Differential Sorting of Palynomorphs During Preparation: Some Useful Research Topics
		Palynomorphs observed in pre-Quaternary samples are often brown to fl as a result of heating during burial.
		I could not satisfactorily determine whether the specific gravity range existed in the original palynomorphs (a possibility which would have implications for pollination ecology), or whether it is somehow a product of the processing, perhaps of the heavy liquid solution itself.
		Stokes' Law allows an approximation of the terminal velocity of a palynomorph during settling assuming that the palynomorph is a solid sphere.
	www.scirpus.ca /cap/articles/paper21.htm (1142 words)

	SOFIA - New Tertiary stratigraphy - Characterization of the Arcadia Formation in the Florida Keys and Southern ...
		Three samples for a pilot study of palynomorphs of the upper Arcadia Formation were taken from the Stock Island (210.3 m), Long Key (196.9 m), and Everglades (159.9 m) Cores (Fig.
		Our age, based on palynomorphs, for the upper Arcadia suggests that either deposition of the Arcadia continued longer in southernmost Florida or that the upper Arcadia north of southernmost Florida has been removed by erosion.
		We tentatively assign an age near the Oligocene-Miocene boundary to the lower Arcadia in the Florida Keys based on the occurrence of the benthic foraminifers Miogypsina spp.
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/papers/new_tert_strat/arc_palynbenthic.html (464 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Distribution of palynomorphs in surface sediments were examined along a river-to-sea water gradient of the Mississippi River mixing plume.
		The palynomorphs preserved in the kimberlites show that Lower Cretaceous to Early Tertiary sediments were deposited as far east as the Lac de Gras region and the extent of the Cretaceous seas was greater than presently mapped.
		In contrast, the presence of abundant, well-preserved palynomorphs and their distribution patterns throughout the Tf1 sequence indicates that the unit is largely fluvio-deltaic and that a lake was present in the valley throughout much of Tf1 time, prior to the deposition of the laminated "Lake Shales" (Unit Tf2).
	www.palynology.org /content/abst/Abstr27AnMtg.html (15992 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 92039221 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sedimentation of land-derived palynomorphs in the Trinity-Galveston Bay area, Texas B. Palynofacies and palynodebris sedimentation 7.
		Palynomorph concentration in studies of Paleogene nonmarine depositional environments of Wyoming D.
		Sedimentation of palynomorphs in rocks of pre-Devonian age Part V. Appendix: modern pollen transport and sedimentation: an annotated bibliography.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam021/92039221.html (398 words)

	CAP Book Review: New Developments in Palynomorph Sampling, Extraction, and Analysis
		Indeed, the recovery of palynomorphs from objects, whether human-made artifacts such as amphorae or naturally-formed items such as mollusc shells and insect bodies, is a subsidiary theme.
		Three of these concern the recovery of palynomorphs from artifacts, namely, amphorae and their contents and textiles.
		Because not all palynomorphs are included in the sum, the actual count may be much greater.
	www.scirpus.ca /cap/reviews/review18.htm (3811 words)

	PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE PORTERS CREEK CLAY FORMATION (LATE PALEOCENE) OF SOUTHEAST ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Spores and pollen are the dominant palynomorphs recovered in the formation although their diversity and abundance fluctuate in the samples.
		Marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, and foraminifera linings) are relatively few in number toward the base of the interval, whereas they become more diverse and abundant in the middle of the formation.
		The palynomorph assemblages are being compared with those from the upper Paleocene sediments in the U.S. Gulf Coast.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004NC/finalprogram/abstract_71656.htm (297 words)

	Untitled Document
		This is a numerical scale based on palynomorph colours and linked with phases of organic maturation and petroleum generation.
		As the palynomorphs undergo thermal maturation the colour deepens from yellow through brown and finally fl.
		The course is primarily aimed at oil industry employees who wish to train in kerogen analysis, palynomorph (miospore) colour and maturation studies under transmitted and fluorescence light microscopy.
	www.wellstrat.com /services.htm (2526 words)

	NEOGENE PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC SIGNALS FROM PALYNOMORPHS AND DISPERSED ORGANIC MATTER IN THE MIDDLE CAPE BASIN,ODP LEG 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Analyses of 59 samples from ODP Leg 175 (Holes 1085A, 1086A, 1087C) yielded abundant marine palynomorphs, few spores and pollen, and several types of dispersed organic matter.
		Dinoflagellate cysts are the dominant marine palynomorphs, and they are mainly gonyaulacoid-type cysts (G-cysts).
		This dominance is in sharp contrast to their distribution in other upwelling regions where protoperidinioid-type taxa (P-cysts) are dominant and could be due to biological and/or taphonomic processes.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_58314.htm (435 words)

	morph1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Firstly, a palynomorph must be within the size range of 5- 500 micrometres, no smaller (there are a few exceptions for larger samples).
		It is an organic compound (CHO), which is resistant to HCl (hydrochloric acid) and HF (hydrofluoric acid).
		A palynomorph is very resistant to palynological preperations (HCl and HF) because it is made up of one of the following three components (the complex polymers):
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /2001_palynology_dm/morph1.html (229 words)

	Palaeobotany Research at Weston Observatory - Boston College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We are particularly interested in the fossil evidence surrounding the origin of terrestrial pl ants; the bulk of this evidence comes from the study of cryptospores, spore-like palynomorphs that pre-date the occurrence of macroscopic land plants.
		Ongoing studies of palynomorphs from Middle Cambrian sites in Arizona (the Bright Angel Shale) and in eastern Tennessee reveal an interesting suite of what could be the earliest evidence for land plants.
		We have recovered palynomorphs from a number of sedimentary sequences with little (or no) prior record of palynomorph recovery.
	www.bc.edu /research/westonobservatory/researchlist/paleo (1631 words)

	Middle Cretaceous palynomorphs in a deep-sea core from the Seismic Reflector Horizon A outcrop area -- Habib 15 (1): 85 ...
		Middle Cretaceous palynomorphs in a deep-sea core from the Seismic Reflector Horizon A outcrop area -- Habib 15 (1): 85 -- Micropaleontology
		Middle Cretaceous palynomorphs in a deep-sea core from the Seismic Reflector Horizon A outcrop area
		The assemblage of palynomorphs in the bottom of a deep-sea core collected from the outcrop area of Seismic Reflector Horizon A northeast of Cat Island in the Bahamas indicates a Middle Cretaceous age (Albian or early Cenomanian).
	micropal.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/15/1/85 (128 words)

	AW2002 Abstract: Davies
		Palynological distributions exhibit strong cyclicity in the marine dinoflagellates, euryhaline algae, terrestrial pollen and spores, organic walled faunal tests and reworked palynomorphs.
		The distributions of the aquatic palynomorphs allows for the recognition of fluvial, transitional to nearshore depositional environments.
		Determination of the paleovegetation can be made utilizing the association of the terrestrial derived pollen and spores.
	www.colorado.edu /Research/INSTAAR/ArcticWS/get_abstr.html?id=67 (827 words)

	USGS Bulletin 2096 - Appendix III
		Sample PW-90-1 appears to be of the same horizon as sample K-SH-5 or K-SH-1 of Early Cretaceous age, and sample PW-90-3 appears to be of the same horizon as K-SH-2 of Paleocene age.
		An Early Cretaceous age is assigned to this sample on the basis of Cupuliferoidaepollenites sp.
		The above palynomorph assemblage is indicative of an Early Cretaceous age.
	pubs.usgs.gov /bul/b2096/appendix3.htm (825 words)

	Diversity and Palaeoenvironmental significance of Late Cainozoic Marine palynomorphs from the CRP-1 Core Ross Sea, ...
		Each project is aimed at using marine palynomorphs to investigate Late Cainozoic climate variation.
		The relative abundance of some taxa change within the glacial cycles, notably Leiospheridia, Michrystridium and Cymatiosphaeridia in CRP 3, and Tasmanties in CRP 2 but the cause of this is still unclear.
		Diversity and Palaeoenvironmental significance of Late Cainozoic Marine palynomorphs from the CRP-1 Core Ross Sea, Antarctica.
	www.mna.it /english/News/Antarctic_workshop/Abstracts/Hannah.doc (809 words)

	Abstracts 34th annual meeting AASP Sept. 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In these sequences, palynomorphs are the most abundant (micro) fossil group and palynology is increasingly challenged to identify systems tracts and parasequences.
		Quantitative palynomorph and palynofacies analyses, integrated with e-log facies and core descriptions, permit re-evaluation and refinement of existing regional zonations within a sequence stratigraphic framework.
		This palynomorph assemblage, together with barkless spruce twigs, spruce needle fragments and clay testifies that the layer is digesta from mastodon, who browsed on spruce trees and shrubs, grazed on herbs and ate soil.
	www.palynology.org /content/abst/Abstr35AnMtg.html (15203 words)

	GFF-online presents: Palynomorphs, foraminifera, and calcispheres from the greensand-limestone transition at Arnager, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		GFF-online presents: Palynomorphs, foraminifera, and calcispheres from the greensand-limestone transition at Arnager, Bornholm: Evidence of transgression during the late Cenomanian to early Coniacian
		Vajda-Santivanez, V. & Solakius, N. Palynomorphs, foraminifera, and calcispheres from the greensand-limestone transition at Arnager, Bornholm: Evidence of transgression during the late Cenomanian to early Coniacian
		These changes in depositional environment in the region of the Island of Bornholm provide evidence of a transgression during the late Cenomanian-early Coniacian interval.
	www.gff-online.se /site/article.asp?articleID=521 (126 words)

	home page
		While the appearance of the whole plant was not well known, gigantopterids were gymnospermous seed plant lianas and shrubs resembling cycads, cycadeoids, ginkgophytes, gnetophytes, peltasperms, nilssonialeans, and flowering plants (including palms)...
		The "gigantopteroid" web site boils-down the great body of literature on Jurassic and Cretaceous floras, angiosperm megafossils, palynomorphs, and permineralized wood, with a goal to trace the origins of modern flowering plant orders.
		The essay clearly shows the depth of the chasm between what is known about the number of extant plant genera and the (scanty) fossil record to date of preserved reproductive organs.
	www.gigantopteroid.org (1676 words)

	Dr. Salah Yousef M. El_Beily
		Saad, S.I., Zaghloul, Z.M. and El Beialy, S.Y. (1987): Late Tertiary-Quaternary palynomorphs from the northern coast of the Nile Delta, Egypt.
		El Beialy, S.Y., Ayyad, S.N. and Kholeif, S.E. (1990): Mesozoic-Tertiary palynomorphs and planktonic foraminifera of the subsurface section of the Sindy-1 well, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt.
		El Beialy, S.Y. (1994b): Middle Jurassic and Neocomian palynomorphs from the Mamura IX borehole, Western Desert, Egypt.
	www.mans.eun.eg /pcvs/10754.asp (1086 words)

	AASP Palydisks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Broxap, R. A bibliography of Tertiary Palynology with particular emphasis Eocene palynomorphs of the London Clay.
		Helenes, J. and Cabrera, D. Abundances and diversities of palynomorphs in wells one, two and three.
		Excel data tables to accompany, "Oligocene-Miocene palynomorph assemblages from eastern Venezuela." (Palynology volume 27, 2003, p.
	www.palydisks.palynology.org (684 words)

	[No title]
		MQuat.PleistoceneUpper Pleistocene$ G123 0765B002H0009.300018.80HOLO-UPLEIS 1011100010133100 IN23 A G CN14-15 A G C. tuberosa or B. invaginata C G R G PALYNOMORPHS R G Holocene Upper Pleistocene -15.97586 117.575165CenozoicQuaternaryUpper QuaternaryHoloceneRecent$5CenozoicQuaternary#prov.
		MQuat.Pleistocene$1no age given$ G123 0765B005H0038.100047.80PLEIST 10133000 IN22 A G CN14-15 A G A. ypsilon F G PALYNOMORPHS B Pleistocene no age given -15.97586 117.575164CenozoicQuaternary#prov.
		MQuat.Pleistocene$1no age given$ G123 0765B008H0067.100076.80PLEIST 10133000 IN22 A G CN14-15 A G A. ypsilon C VG PALYNOMORPHS R G Pleistocene no age given -15.97586 117.575164CenozoicQuaternary#prov.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/geology/odp/data/123/765B/ageprof.dat (241 words)

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