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	PAMIRS - LoveToKnow Article on PAMIRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To the east of the Sarikol chain is the Taghdumbash Pamir, whith claims many of the characteristics of the western Pamirs at its upper or western extremity, where the Karachukar, which drains it, is a comparatively small stream.
		But this Pamir is situated nowhere near the sources of the Zarafshan or Raskam river, which it borders, and possesses little in common with the Pamirs of the west.
		The most settled record of the Pamir Boundary Commission of 1895 lasted from the i9th of August to the 11th of September, the maximum temperature being recorded at 77 on the 21st of August at Kizil Rabat (12,570 ft.); and yet on the 16th of August snow had fallen to the depth of 6 in.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PAMIRS.htm (2207 words)

	Fragile Eastern Pamirs Threatened
		Tajikistan's Eastern Pamir region is a land of snowcapped mountains, blue lakes and rivers, and pure springs flowing down from glaciers.
		For all its beauty, Eastern Pamir is a harsh land, with a high mountain desert that reaches an altitude of almost 4,000 meters, and mountain peaks reaching as high as 6,300 meters.
		Since the end of 1992, the native residents of Eastern Pamir, like all the inhabitants of the Gorno-Badakhshan region, have barely survived the difficulties that resulted from the collapse of the Soviet Union, the independence of Tajikistan, the civil war and the deterioration of the political situation.
	www.isar.org /pubs/ST/Tajikpamirs45.html (1020 words)

	Risk Online: The Pamirs
		The Pamirs are located mainly in Tadzikistan, the northern slopes of the Trans-Alai stretching to Kyrgyzstan, and its southern and Eastern outskirts continuing to Afganistan and China.
		The Pamir ridges run predominantly West-East and include: the Trans-Alai ridge with pik Lenin (7134m) as its highest summit, Peter the First ridge with Pik Moskva (6785m), Darvaz ridge with Peak Arnavad (6083m), Vanch ridge and Yazgulem ridge with Pik Revolutsii (6974m).
		The north-western Pamirs is the district preferred by climbers because it contains three of the four seventhousanders of ex-USSR, 110 of the 135 sixthousenders, endless summits over 5000m and lots of unclimbed routes.
	risk.ru /eng/regions/pamir (354 words)

	Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pamir region is centered in the Tajikistani region of Gorno-Badakhshan.
		At the southeastern edge of the Pamir region, in China, the highest international highway in the world, the Karakoram Highway, connects Pakistan to China.
		The Pamir Highway, the world's second highest, runs from Afghanistan to Kyrgyzstan through Tajikistan's Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and is the isolated region's main supply route.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pamir_Mountains (440 words)

	FANTASIA -> Mountains of Central Asia -> Pamir
		The Pamirs are one of the highest mountain ranges in the world, it lie at the junction of three great ranges, the Hindu Kush, Tien Shan and the Karakorum, and constitute a huge land mass over 3,700m.
		Lenin peak (7134m) is the second highest peak of the Pamirs located in the south region of Kyrgyzstan in the area called Pamir-Alai.
		Pamir hospitality is legendary, and you will undoubtedly meet with it along the way, whether in villages or shepherds' camps.
	www.fantasticasia.net /?p=63 (2016 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In literature the Pamir peoples are sometimes referred to as the Mountain-Tadzhik whereas the Tadzhik themselves refer to them as the Pomir or the Shughni, according to which group is the most populous.
		In 1925 a Pamir District was established in Badakhshan, an area that had been left to the U.S.S.R. Later in the same year this area was renamed the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and placed under the jurisdiction of the Tadzhik SSR, with Khorog as the administrative centre.
		The resettling of the inhabitants of the Pamirs began in the late 1940s but reached massive proportions in 1951--54 when whole villages and collective farms were deported to the cotton plantations.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/pamir_peoples.shtml (1870 words)

	PAMIRS - Online Information article about PAMIRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To the east of the Sarikol chain is the Taghdumbash Pamir, which claims many of the characteristics of the western Pamirs at Its upper or western extremity, where the Karachukar, which drains it, is a comparatively small stream.
		All the head of the Little Pamir, with the Wakhan valley, is consequently Afghan territory, but no military posts have been established so far.
		April) the Pamirs are covered with snow, the lakes are frozen, and the passes nearly impracticable.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAI_PAS/PAMIRS.html (3247 words)

	Pamirs - the roof of the world
		This website is dedicated to the children and other people of the Pamirs, a region they know as POMIR – “the roof of the world”, although some claim that POMIR means “feet of the sun”.
		The Pamirs are one of the last "undiscovered" tourist destinations.
		This mountainous area, a large part of which is located in Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan, is one of the most inaccessible areas in the world.
	www.pamirs.org (281 words)

	THE PAMIRS
		At the beginning of the 20th century the Pamir was thoroughly explored by Russian military experts, especially in military topographical, geographical, ethnical- demographic and confessional aspects.
		The Pamir elite's position was of great importance for Russia's shaping its stance with respect to the mountainous frontier.
		The commander of the Pamir detachment built aryks (irrigation ditches) and irrigated fields, increasing by doing so lands under cultivation; loaned seeds to sow fields, let the Pamirians know how to cultivate potato, cabbage and other crops non-habitual in the mountains… In general, he exerted a great influence in spreading culture among the population.
	greatgame.no.sapo.pt /historia/pamirs.htm (2124 words)

	Pamirs - the roof of the world
		The Pamir mountains of Tajikistan are, without doubt, the least visited mountain range in the world, yet one which offers some of the most magnificent landscapes, picturesque rural scenes, exhilarating trekking and genuine hospitality to be found anywhere on the planet.
		Foreign exploration was focused largely on areas to the north, west and east of the Pamirs and it wasn't until Anglo-Russian military rivalries forced the pace in the mid-nineteenth century that the Pamirs became the focus.
		In 1842, Lieutenant Woods of the British India Navy explored the Pyanj and Pamir rivers as far as the latter's source in Zorkul (the true source is actually the glaciers at the head of the Kara-Jilgasu River in the mountains to the south of Zorkul.
	www.pamirs.org /trekking.htm (6645 words)

	China in 1997 (17 Pamirs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Clearly visible on the mountain face ahead is evidence of the intense geological folding suffered by the asian plate as it was compressed and uplifted by the colliding indian plate moving north.
		Pamir means high pasturage and the Kyrgyz nomads herd sheep on the high plateau.
		The Tashkurgan Oasis is strategically located close to the Mintaka and Kunjerab passes across the Pamir range to Taxila in the Peshawar valley (historically known as Gandhara), taken by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.
	berclo.net /page97/97en-china-17.html (765 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Pamirs adapt to life without Russia
		The Pamir mountains in the Central Asian republic of Tajikistan were once the remotest frontier of the Russian Empire.
		The Pamirs have been busy building new ties with the outside world, but many people still regret the end of the Russian presence, and fear it could lead to an influx of illegal drugs from Afghanistan.
		Russian geographers, soldiers and spies first began exploring the Pamirs in the second half of the 19th century, travelling for weeks across the bleak mountain wilderness from the Ferghana valley in modern Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4284083.stm (1144 words)

	Russian Forest Bulletin - 20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From the bared slopes of Pamirs (practically whole situated on the territory of Tadjikistan), where the forests were removed, soil is washed away by rains and melted snow, the erosion of mountains has become stronger; landslides, snow slides, mudflows occur more often.
		Formerly the endemic of Pamirs - the Pamirs birch - grew on flood-lands of Bartang in large quantities.
		In opinion of the experts to revive Pamir forests, first of all, it is necessary to supply dekhkans (peasants) with fuel, moreover: for the reasonable price.
	www.forest.ru /eng/bulletin/20/8.html (1454 words)

	Pamir- "the Roof of the World"
		Centuries before, Marco Polo had left the first description of the Pamirs; he had crossed them in the zone of present-day Afghanistan during, his legendary journey to Cathay, and among, other things he mentions the race of huge sheep that were later named after him.
		In 1866 the first Russian expedition arrived in Pamir, led by the naturalist and explorer fedchenko, who explored the Zaalaiyskiy Mts.and discovered the immense glacier named after him that until recently was considered the largest in the world.
		The Pamir is basically composed of Zaalaiysliy range with Lenin (7134 m) peak, Central part with Communism (7495 m) peak dominating - the most high point and Revolution (6974 m) peak part, and finally south-western Pamir with Engels (6510 m) and Marx rock towers grandeur.
	mountains.tos.ru /pamir.htm (866 words)

	The Tajikistan Update - Maps of Tajikistan
		Muksu, Sauksoy, and Belyandkiik Regions of the Pamirs (Velso.ru)
		Belyandkiika and Karadzhilgi Regions of the Pamirs (Velso.ru)
		Vanch, Bartang Mugrab Regions of the Pamirs (Velso.ru)
	www.angelfire.com /sd/tajikistanupdate/tajikmaps.htm (383 words)

	Untitled
		It is bordered by China on the east and by Afghanistan on the south and west and is separated from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir by a narrow strip of Afghan territory.
		The word pamir in the local Turkic language denotes the high undulating grasslands that are a feature of the eastern portion of the mountains, especially where they abut Afghanistan and China.
		Deep river valleys mark the boundaries of the Pamirs in the north beyond the ridges of the Trans-Alay Range, and the Vakhan region (Wakhan Corridor) of Afghanistan defines the southern extent.
	www.badakhshan.20m.com (708 words)

	OBSERVATIONS AMONG KIRGHIZ REFUGEES FROM THE PAMIRS OF AFGHANISTAN SETTLED IN THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
		The birth rate, according to the records of resident health officials, is high, with 97 births to nearly 250 females in the 14 to 55 age group in the first twelve months of resettlement in the Turkish Republic.
		This was a continuation of the long-standing policies of the tsarist military and civilian officials in promising independent and totally autonomous republics to all of the tribes, in which nomadic traditions would be preserved unimpeded.[10] These two factors, it seems, contributed greatly to the eventual suppression of the revolt led by Hoja Niyaz.
		Whatever their feelings towards Russians or Soviet hunters, the Kirghiz decided to leave the Pamirs upon spotting Soviet military vehicles on the frozen tributary of the Amu Darya river, which constitutes the border between the USSR and Afghanistan.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-6/cae11.html (3278 words)

	ACTIVE TECTONICS IN THE PAMIRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is dedicated to the investigation of active tectonics in the Pamirs.
		Along leading edge of the Pamir Mountains is a fault system that accommodates some of the deformation associated with the collision of India with Eurasia.
		Thrust faults along the south portion of the valley are one of the focuses of this project.
	www.public.asu.edu /~arrows/pamir-intro.html (500 words)

	Olufsen: Through the Unknown Pamirs part one
		Their outlines are in sharp contrast to the mountains of Pamir ; and at once he knows that these peaks do not belong to the range of the Pamirs, and that he will thenceforth move through a mighty change of scenery as he makes his way through these, the most majestic mountains of Central Asia.
		Earthquakes are very frequent everywhere in the valleys of Pamir, and on the way from the Hindu Kush to Karategin in 1896, 1898 and 1899 we experienced some rather violent shocks which, amongst other things, caused the collapse of a mosque in Karategin and of an old castle in Darvas.
		Several places in High Pamir, especially near the place where the Alitshur river joins the Yashilkul, such conglomerate walls or pillars are to be seen-often with a large piece of rock on top, the surrounding parts having been washed away-looking in the distance like fortifications.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/Pamir1.htm (20607 words)

	[No title]
		The birth rate, according to the records of resident health officials, is high, with 97 births to nearly 250 females in the 14 to 55 age group in the firts twelve months of resettlement in the Turkish Republic.
		This was a continuation of the long-standing policies of the tsarist military and civilian officials in promising independent and totally autonomus republics to all of the tribes, in which nomadic traditions would be preserved unimpeded.[10] These two factors, it seems, contributed greatly to the eventual suppression of the revolt led by Hoja Niyaz.
		Now that the HRK clan are in the Turkish Republic, with the second Kirghiz tribe still in the Pamirs, the former faces the problem of where to look for spouses when possible pairings within the group are exhauseted.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/kirghiz.html (3138 words)

	A CHINESE EXPEDITION ACROSS THE PAMIRS AND HINDUKUSH, A.D.747.(1)
		It was probably as a strategic measure, meant to reduce the difficulties of supply in this inhospitable Pamir region, that Kao Hsien-chih divided his forces into three columns before starting his attack upon the position held by the Tibetans at Lien-yun.
		The crossing of the Pamirs by a force, which in its total strength amounted to ten thousand men, is so remarkable a military achievement that the measures which alone pro bably made it possible deserve some closer examination, however succinct the Chinese record is upon which we have to base it.
		It is, however, & fact that the Pamir Boundary Commission of 1895, with its heavy transport of some six hundred ponies, used the latter route both coming from and returning to Gilgit.
	ccbs.ntu.edu.tw /FULLTEXT/JR-ENG/aurel.htm (6505 words)

	xoroq
		Even though the Pamirs are known as the home of the world's largest glaciers, the climate of Khorog is warm in the summer months (22 C in June) and mild in winter (-7C in January).
		Many peaks in Pamirs rise well over 7000 m (23,000 feet) and large part of the region is too high for human settlement, but Marco Polo sheep and snow leopard roam there.
		One of the oldest settlements in the Pamirs, Khorog was originally a complex of two villages which, in 1925, became the center of the region.
	www.geocities.com /xoroq (1041 words)

	MSN Encarta - Afghanistan
		The highest peak, Nowshāk (Noshaq), rises 7,485 m (24,557 ft) on the northeastern border and is a lower spur of the Tirich Mīr peak in Pakistan.
		It is part of the Hindu Kush mountain system, which is located primarily in northeastern Afghanistan just south of another major system, the Pamirs.
		The Harīrūd River rises in central Afghanistan and flows to the west and northwest to form part of the border with Iran.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569370/Afghanistan.html (1049 words)

	The Law of the Pamirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Karategin valley and the adjoining western Pamir (Kalaikhumb and Vanch districts) are inhabited by Tajiks who are Sunni Muslims, and whose language is connected to the Western Iranian group.
		Unlike Sunni Tajiks, the Pamir nationalities (excluding the Yazgulyam people) practice Ismailism--a movement, drawn from the Shia branch of Islam, which is strongly influenced by Hinduism and neo-Platonism.
		The Pamirs are much less devout than the Sunni Tajiks and, although up to 1997 this region was also controlled by the opposition, the Pamirs did not try to regulate their lives along Shariah law, unlike the neighboring districts.
	www.tol.cz /look/CER/printf.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=14&NrIssue=54&NrSection=5&NrArticle=11006&ST1=body&ST_T1=cer&ST_AS1=1&ST_max=1 (1454 words)

	Search Results for Pamirs - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Pamir mountain area centres on the nodal orogenic uplift known as the Pamir Knot, from which several south-central Asian mountain ranges radiate; these include...
		It is situated near the border with Afghanistan in the southwestern Pamirs range at an elevation of 7,200 feet (2,200 m) and on the Gunt River where it flows into the...
		The climate of the Pamirs is arid and continental, typified by frigid winters and warm, relatively dry summers.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Pamirs&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (357 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The Yazgulami language is spoken in the Pamirs, in the valley of the River Yazgulami, the right tributary of the River Pyandzh.
		According to other statistical data of the same period the number of people speaking the Yazgulami language was 1,900, in 1939 it was 2,200 and in 1940 about 2,000.
		The Yazgulami language belongs to the northern group of the Pamir languages which form a part of the Iranian group of the Indo-European family of languages.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/yazgulamis.shtml (1313 words)

	Asia Times: Showdown on the roof of the world
		The Pamirs - known by the surrounding Tajiks as Bam-I-Dunya ("the roof of the world") - are nothing less than the node from which radiates a staggering collection of mountain ranges: the Himalayas and the Karakoram to the south, the Hindu Kush to the west, and the Tian Shan to the Chinese northeast.
		The Little Pamirs are an offshoot south of the Pamirs.
		During the jihad against the Soviets, the Little Pamir was totally controlled by the Red Army.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/CJ04Ag01.html (782 words)

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