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	Pan-Arabism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aflaq and al-Arsuzi were key figures in the establishment of the Arab Ba'ath (Resurrection) Party, and the former was for long its chief ideologist, combining elements of Marxist thought with a nationalism to a considerable extent reminiscent of nineteenth-century European romantic nationalism.
		The high point of the pan-Arab movement was in the 1960s, but pan-Arabism was strongly hurt by the Arab defeat by Israel in the Six Day War and the inability of pan-Arabist governments to generate economic growth.
		It continues however, to exert a strong influence and nostalgic influence in Arab print media and intellectual circles, particularly in the Levant and Egypt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pan-Arab_unity (556 words)

	Pan-Arab Satellite Television: Now the Survival Part
		The Arab general public responded in kind, especially in the more affluent states, where satellite dishes are found in every fourth home.
		While Al-Jazeera took the lead in disintegration of taboos in the first area, the Lebanese channels were instrumental in whetting the general public's appetite in the GCC markets for the latter.
		But program-mix and repackaging renovation of government channels, which are hardly able to walk into the living rooms of Arab families outside their respective markets, is not enought to put these channels into the major league.
	www.allied-media.com /ARABTV/pan-arab-sat.htm (2570 words)

	[No title]
		Whereas the Arab nationalist focus on freedom from foreign intervention demanded a change in the status quo, as the states were granted independence, it became in the ruling groups’ interest to preserve the new status quo and thus their own power bases (Taylor 17).
		Arab regimes had their own narrow interests of staying in power, and a desire to pursue them meant following particular policies; yet such a particularist outlook was not enough since to remain in power also required that they establish domestic stability.
		Arab nationalism was therefore “both an aid and a threat to domestic stability, the government’s autonomy, and perhaps even the state’s sovereignty” (Barnett 50).
	ase.tufts.edu /hemispheres/2002/Sassoon.doc (7888 words)

	Reason
		In short, a group of Arab liberals is proclaiming the end of Pan-Arabism and its history of excuse-making for failure and tyranny.
		Among the great failures of the contemporary Arab world is that its press, its academy, and even its arts establishment had been unable in recent decades to fulfill one of their essential cultural roles: identifying social and institutional problems, and offering corrections.
		Arab liberals, it should be noted, are not necessarily allies of the West or of the United States.
	www.reason.com /links/links041803.shtml (1287 words)

	Pan-Arab Colours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355).
		During World War I, Arabs in the Hejaz (the Red Sea coast of the Arabian peninsula) rose up against the Ottoman Sultan, with the help of the British, who were fighting the Ottomans at the time.
		Since this tide of Arab nationalism did not result in Arab unity, as the failure of the UAR helped show, it is not surprising that the current Egyptian government ties the color scheme to purely Egyptian ideologies.
	www.flagspot.net /flags/arabcols.html (1261 words)

	PhpWiki - Pan Arab
		Therefore, though an Arab world certainly exists, it is nevertheless divided into four distinct areas (the Maghreb, Egypt and Sudan, the Chain, and the Arabian Peninsula), although within the latter, Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf states are all quite distinct.
		"Arab nationalism was dominant by virtue of being the official ideology of the political regimes in the most important Arab states, especially in Egypt, Syria, and Iraq after military nationalist circles seized power and in Algeria after the war of independence.
		It wasn't nationalism which originally drew Arabs to Israel; it was richer and better living thanks to the Jewish movement to re-populate the area and the Jews who turned deserts into gardens, however like most nascent movements, a sense of belonging did develop for all of those who made their homes there.
	www.g0lem.net /PhpWiki/index.php/PanArab (4037 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He wrote that “the unity of this [Arab] history generates uniform sympathies and inclinations; it leads to a sharing of pride in the glories of the past and of collective sorrow over past misfortunes; and consequently it creates identity of aspirations for the future”.
		It is apparent that Arab states may differ on the approach that should be taken towards ending the Arab-Israeli conflict and establishing a fair and just peace, but there is no disagreement among the Arab States about the parameters for peace-making or the ultimate objective of any political process.
		ARAB LEAGUE Among the most important activities of the Arab League have been its attempts to coordinate Arab economic life; efforts toward this aim include the Arab Telecommunications Union (1953), the Arab Postal Union (1954), and the Arab Development Bank (1959, later known as the Arab Financial Organization).
	www.umsl.edu /~sjqhd/essay/panarabism.doc (3208 words)

	Pan-Arabism's Legacy
		It is unclear if they actually joined the Arab communist students in Paris at the time, but what is clear is that they formed their party on the basis of pan-Arabism, like the movements that had taken place in neighboring Iraq in the 1920s.
		Arabs have complained (with justification) that they are portrayed negatively in western press, media and education, yet so many in the Arab world are unaware of the Husri-Shawkat-Aflaq legacy of racism within their own ranks.
		The Arabs certainly are on par with all the great peoples of history, and their scientists such as Al-Heitham, or scientific contributions in areas such as Ophthamalogy certainly cannot be dismissed.
	www.venusproject.com /ecs/aFarrokhArab.html (6916 words)

	Pan-Arabism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pan-Arabism has tended to be both (additional info and facts about secular) secular, (A political advocate of socialism) socialist, and against (A film about life in the western United States during the period of exploration and development) Western influence.
		Additionally, Britain used the (additional info and facts about Balfour Declaration) Balfour Declaration of 1917 as reason to administer (A British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948) Palestine as a (additional info and facts about British Mandate) British Mandate, which it became in 1920.
		By the (The decade from 1980 to 1989) 1980s, pan-Arabism began to be eclipsed by (A believer or follower of Islam) Islamist ideologies.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pan-arabism1.htm (245 words)

	PanarabDC
		Which means an explicit assertion of the Arab identity of the entire land of Palestine (from river to sea) and an explicit rejection of recognition of the Zionist state's right to exist.
		We as members of the Arab revolutionary Marxist-Leninest line make class distinctions between the Arab bourgeoisie program of multi-national globalization of the Arab countries in the form of Arab unity and the Arab worker project of antiimperialist nature that aims to unite the Arab homeland.
		Arab regimes have been fulfilling their dictated role for a long while.
	www.geocities.com /arabsocialistcoalition/PanarabDC.html (2399 words)

	Pan-Arabism on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since the Ottoman Turks rose to power in the 14th cent., there have been stirrings among Arabs for reunification as a means of reestablishing Arab political power.
		As ruler of Mecca and a religious leader of Islam, he had great influence in the Arab world, an influence that continued with his two sons, Abdullah and Faisal (Faisal I of Iraq).
		The movement found official expression after World War II in the Arab League and in such unification attempts as the Arab Federation (1958) of Iraq and Jordan, the United Arab Republic, the Arab Union (1958), the United Arab Emirates, and the Arab Maghreb Union (see under Maghreb).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/PanA1rabi.asp (573 words)

	MENAFN - Middle East North Africa . Financial Network News: Business Briefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arab chamber to hold seminar on IT AMMAN (Petra) — The Arab Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture, which convened in Muscat recently, has decided to hold a seminar on information technology and software in Amman, said Haidar Murad, the head of the Federation of Jordanian Chambers of Commerce, who attended the meeting.
		The Arab chambers meeting in Amman which will take place in the first quarter of 2003, he added, is to discuss intra-Arab collaboration in software production and information technology.
		The one-page statement showed that the total locations rose to 110,000 which was described by the company as a reflection to continued growth and commitments to expanding its operations in the region.
	www.menafn.com /qn_news_story_s.asp?storyid=6351 (502 words)

	Pan-Arabism is in steep decline, but what will replace it?
		Calls for abolishing the Arab League or reforming it beyond recognition have also come from the moderate Persian Gulf kingdom of Bahrain and the fundamentalist regime in the Sudan.
		In practical terms, this meant that the Arabs, rather than killing one another in the name of religion, should pool their diverse identities and unite against others.
		The Arab nations may well have entered a period of historic disequilibrium in which old established ideologies are receding without their place being taken by new ones.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/920804/posts (1714 words)

	CBS News \| Iraqi PM Calls For Pan-Arab Force \| July 30, 2004 20:37:41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Powell said the time may be ripe for a more active role by Arab and Muslim countries based on the handover of sovereignty to Allawi, along with the approval of a U.N. Security Council resolution that gives legitimacy to his interim government.
		An official with the 22-nation Arab League, based in Cairo, said Thursday it was too early to comment on the Saudi initiative because the league hadn't yet been informed of it.
		No Arab country is now a coalition participant and the numbers of Muslims in the coalition is believed to be scant.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2004/07/28/iraq/main632590.shtml (1154 words)

	The Rise And Potential Fall Of Pan-Arab Satellite TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Inexpensive analogue satellite TV gear was introduced to the Arab world during the 1990s, and the even cheaper digital TV satellite technologies that have followed since the beginning of this decade, have been instrumental in short-circuiting a number of stages in the evolution of the TV distribution landscape in the Arab world.
		But in the case of the Arab world, just as the rapid proliferation of satellite TV has created many opportunities, it also has imposed tremendous challenges, if not frustrations, which Arab broadcasters seem to have been unable to cope with.
		Arab satellite homes from the Atlantic all the way along North Africa and to the Arabian Gulf are catered to by an ever-increasing number of satellite TV channels that take little note of local or regional variations in TV viewing needs.
	www.strategiy.com /report.asp?id=20050516171454 (2229 words)

	TBS: The Pan-Arab Satellite Broadcasters
		The first major impact of new satellite technologies upon Arab media was in the eighties, not in the nineties, and it was the satellited daily newspaper, not television.
		At the time I was struck by the irony, which still holds true in the Arab satellite-driven nineties, that in the end it was wealth, generated in a conservative Arab country, and technology acquired by that wealth, and not radical Arab ideology, be it Baathist or Nasserist, that had brought about a pan-Arab press.
		Unlike much of the Arab press, which enjoyed at least a formative development as privately owned newspapers that functioned within the context of some sort of journalistic tradition, all Arab television—be it the prevailing state systems or ruling groups left-wing or right-wing, market economies or socialist economies, republics or monarchies—was state-owned.
	www.tbsjournal.com /Archives/Fall98/Articles1/Pan-Arab_bcasters/pan-arab_bcasters.html (1097 words)

	The Daily Star - Editorial - Arab League comes back strong after an extended slumber
		Arab League Secretary General Amr Moussa has announced that at least 100 Iraqi leaders will attend a national reconciliation conference in Cairo this weekend.
		It is a huge challenge for the Arab League to attempt to clean up the mess that the U.S.-led invasion has created in Iraq.
		But the Arab League, which unlike the United States brings with it an intimate knowledge of regional realities, is perhaps the best suited organization for the challenge.
	www.dailystar.com.lb /article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=17&article_id=20028 (790 words)

	Arab Open University الجامعة العربية المفتوحة (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His relentless efforts of contacts with the Secretary General of the Arab League and the Ministers of Education and Higher Education in the Arab States paved the way to the adoption of the AOU as a private Arab institution of higher education, of a special status.
		As a result of continued coordination with the Arab Ministers of Higher Education, nine Arab countries offered to approve the establishment of branches of the AOU, five of which offered certain facilities and privileges for hosting the AOU Headquarters.
		Furthermore, it has been agreed with the hosting Arab states to have the AOU operate as a licensed institution of Higher Education, in each of these states.
	www.arabou.org /a2.html (535 words)

	First Pan Arab University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Arab Gulf Programme for United Nations Development Organizations (AGFUND), headed by Saudi King Fahd's brother Prince Talal bin Abdul Aziz, will fund the university, they said.
		In the first year, the university will admit 5,000 Arab students, with the number rising to 70,000 after 10 years and to 200,000 in the long-term.
		Britain's Open University, the world's oldest supported open-learning centre, will provide accreditation of the degrees issued by the Arab university in the first years of its existence.
	www.kuwait-info.org /News/first_pan_arab_university.html (183 words)

	Interview Of the Week - Issue 34 - Yemen Times
		Since then, the emergence of the notorious notion of globalization, which is aimed at dominating the poor and the undeveloped nations all over the world, also has had an impact on the region.
		We, the Arabs, have our own distinctive religious and cultural identity which cannot be sacrificed for the sake of globalization.
		The late Arab leader Jamal Abdulnassir was correct when he defined revolution as the historic revolutionary movement to change the situation from status quo to the aspired one.
	www.yementimes.com /01/iss34/intrview.htm (1035 words)

	GN Online: Amir Taheri: New Iraq grapples with identity crisis
		Calls for abolishing the Arab League or reforming it beyond recognition have also come from the moderate Gulf kingdom of Bahrain and the fundamentalist regime in the Sudan.
		Many Arabs see the ease with which Saddam Hussain's regime collapsed in Baghdad as a strategic defeat for pan-Arabism as an ideology.
		Most of the voices heard in support of Saddam before the war have become silent, embarrassed that their prediction of "an Arab Vietnam" was not borne out.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/Opinion.asp?ArticleID=90513 (1027 words)

	The Media Line - News Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The farce that the Arab League has become certainly suggests pan-Arabism is non-existent in 2004.
		However, as time unfolded it was clear that effort, and the wider pan-Arabism, were most probably merely attempts by individual leaders to exert control beyond their own nation’s borders.
		And, perhaps worryingly for individual leaders in the Arab world, it is a force far greater than them, whether they act separately or through some allegedly unifying body, such as the Arab League.
	www.themedialine.org /news/print_news_detail.asp?NewsID=5966 (385 words)

	Arab League economic council to discuss pan-Arab free trade zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		AMMAN (Petra) — Jordan is taking part in the 64th meeting of the Arab League Economic and Social Council that will convene at the ministerial level in Cairo by the middle of September to focus mainly on creating Pan-Arab free trade zone, Minister of Industry and Trade Mohammad Asfour announced on Monday.
		The liberalisation process, the minister said, entails gradual reduction of customs duty and other taxes on traded goods at the rate of 10 per cent annually so that by December of 2007 all products will be traded tax free.
		Asfour said the ministerial meeting will be planned by senior Arab officials who will hold a preliminary meeting in Cairo on Sept. 11.
	www.jordanembassyus.org /090799007.htm (191 words)

	Balancing Act: UAE Satellite TV Channels Between National and Pan-Arab Markets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The paucity of the TV advertising expenditures that target Arabs in the UAE--less than 20 percent of total advertising revenues--does not stand much taller than the bare 3 percent of the TV budgets that target non-Arabs.
		Should the share of TV advertising revenues at the level of Arab markets in total be 44 percent, there is no rationale why TV advertising revenues in the UAE market should not be one half what it is at the regional level.
		The nearly zero TV advertising budgets that target the nearly ten million non-Arabs who are mostly Asians may best be studied in the context of the scale of the different media that target this important segment, which is not within the scope of this paper.
	www.strategiy.com /report.asp?id=20050307011105 (3110 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to Dr. Ghareeb, inaccurate and biased coverage of the Gulf War by both Western (primarily CNN) and Arab media spurred the growth of Arab satellite television networks.
		General dissatisfaction with Western and Arab government channels fueled the popularity of the Arab satellite channels, which include MBC, ART, Future TV, Orbit, ANN, and the Qatar-based Al-Jazeera.
		When Saddam Hussein called on Arab publics to rise up against their rulers during the 1998 Desert Fox operation, he delivered his speech over Al-Jazeera.
	www.georgetown.edu /research/arabtech/apr2000.htm (562 words)

	INA: Ramadhan Attends Pan-Arab Conference - 9-28-02
		“Arab masses, on the forefront popular and vocational organizations are demanded to raise up the higher preparedness states of sacrifice and jihad and limitless bounty to firmly confront the dangers besetting Arab nation since these threats target not only country, but include the entire nation.
		There is an imperialist US-Zionist program drawn by US along with its evil allies to be implemented in accordance with accounted formulas targeting many Arab countries to overwhelm the entire Arab nation and threaten its existence and values.
		Adding, “this dangerous program aims to re-colonize Arab homeland and crumble its political structures to dominate its wealth and draw new map for the region allowing the Zionist entity to put an end to the Palestinian cause by deporting more of its people.
	www.iraqwatch.org /government/Iraq/INA/iraq-ina-ramadhan-092802.htm (344 words)

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