Common Chimpanzee - Open Encyclopedia(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
Pantroglodytestroglodytes, Central Common or Black-faced Chimpanzee, in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
Pantroglodytes vellerosus, West Nigerian/East Cameroon Chimpanzee, in Nigeria and Cameroon;
Pantroglodytes schweinfurthii, Eastern Common or Long-haired Chimpanzee, in the Central African Republic, the Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Zambia.
The skull of the bonobo is more gracile than Pantroglodytes and the limbs are more slender (Fleagle, 1988).
Most of the grooming bouts and instances of food sharing occur between males and females, which is different from Pantroglodytes where it occurs between males (Nishida and Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1987).
Mating is not only dorso-ventral, as it is in Pantroglodytes, but it is also ventro-ventral, or face-to-face (Nishida and Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1987).
mtDNAC/Hcoalescence(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
Bonobos appear to be an early branch of Pan, and have undergone some sort of limiting constriction within the past 1 to 2 million years.
troglodytes shows a marked difference between the mtDNA MRCA of the species and of its subspecies (the verus ssp is 62% of the depth of the entire species).
On the troglodytes a second tier branchs has a t:tid ratio of 20:5, The expected number of transitions is 35.6 at the tid = 5, so we need to add 15.6 ME over 4 lineages or 3.9 ME/lineage.
But there are four different subspecies, and we provided evidence that it was Pantroglodytestroglodytes native to west central Africa that was the original source of the disease.
The animals included those of the subspecies Pantroglodytes verus from the Tai Forest in the Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in West Africa, and those of the subspecies Pantroglodytes schweinfurthii in the east African Kibale National Park in Uganda, and Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.
The closest relative was a virus found in a captive Pantroglodytes schweinfurthii animal.
Along with the pygmy chimp or bonobo (Pan paniscus), the chimpanzee is the closest living relative (4) to humans and is estimated to share 98% of our genes (6).
There are currently four recognised subspecies of chimpanzee, showing differences in appearance and geographic range: the western or masked chimpanzee (Pantroglodytes verus), central or fl-faced chimpanzee (P.
They all have the characteristic chimpanzee body shape with longer arms than legs, together with opposable thumbs and big toes (5).
The researchers identified a subspecies of chimpanzee (Pantroglodytestroglodytes) native to West-Central Africa as the natural reservoir for HIV-1.
The final piece of the puzzle was put in place when the researchers realized that the natural habitat for Pantroglodytestroglodytes overlaps precisely with the region in West-Central Africa where all three groups of HIV-1(M, N, and O) were first recognized.
Based on these findings, Hahn and her colleagues concluded that Pantroglodytestroglodytes is the origin of HIV-1 and has been the source of at least three independent cross-species transmission events of SIVcpz.
main.uab.edu /show.asp?durki=8535 (945 words)
Identification of a Hepatitis B Virus Genome in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi) from East Africa ...(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
Identification of a Hepatitis B Virus Genome in Wild Chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes schweinfurthi) from East Africa Indicates a Wide Geographical Dispersion among Equatorial African Primates -- Vartanian et al.
Identification of a Hepatitis B Virus Genome in Wild Chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes schweinfurthi) from East Africa Indicates a Wide Geographical Dispersion among Equatorial African Primates
Detection of hepatitis B virus infection in wild-born chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes verus): phylogenetic relationships with human and other primate genotypes.
The fourth, the chimpanzee infected with a virus most unlike HIV-1, belonged to an east African subspecies known as Pantroglodytes schweinfurthii.
As it turns out, the three isolates from the Pantroglodytestroglodyteschimpanzees strongly resemble the different subgroups of HIV-1, namely groups M (responsible for the pandemic), N and O (both found only in west equatorial Africa).
Putting all these pieces of the puzzle together, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues conclude that Pantroglodytestroglodytes is the natural reservoir of HIV-1 and has been the source of at least three independent occurrences of cross-species virus transmission events from chimpanzees to humans.
Poti, P., Langer, J., Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S., and Brakke, K. Spontaneous logicomathematical constructions by chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes, Pan paniscus).
Spinozzi, G., and Langer, J. Spontaneous classification in action by a human-enculturated and language-reared bonobo (Pan paniscus) and common chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes).
Williams, S. and Rumbaugh, D. Tympanic membrane temperatures reflect lateralization in a language-trained ape (Pantroglodytes).
The animals included those of the subspecies Pantroglodytes verus from the Tai Forest in the Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in West Africa, and those of the subspecies Pantroglodytes schweinfurthii in the east African Kibale National Park in Uganda, and Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.
Detailed analysis of the SIVcpz strain found in the Gombe chimpanzee revealed that it was different from any previously known SIVcpz or HIV-1 strains.
According to Shaw, the discovery of the virus in only one animal is not surprising, given the habitat destruction and decimation of chimpanzee populations throughout Africa.
About Chimpanzees - Fact Sheet - Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Lake Victoria, Uganda(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
There are thought to be 175,000 chimpanzees remaining in the wild but their numbers are reducing at an alarming rate as their habitats are being destroyed and the “bushmeat” trade increases.
In 2000, an association of sanctuaries was formed, called the “Pan African Sanctuary Alliance”, to help conserve chimpanzees and their habitats through education and political lobbying.
Chimpanzees are highly social animals and can live in communities of 20-100 individuals.
Assessment of Psychopathic Personality in Zoo Chimpanzees (PanTroglodytes):
A second step will be to apply this integration to the study of personality in non-human animals.
Finally, however foremost, it will argue for the plausibility of studying a classic human disorder, psychopathic personality, in our closest genetic relative, Pantroglodytes, the common chimpanzee.
