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Topic: Pancasila Indonesia

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	Indonesia - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		East Timor was a province of Indonesia from its annexation in 1976 until Indonesia relinquished sovereignty in 1999.
		Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate.
		Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/i/n/d/Indonesia.html (1885 words)

	Pancasila Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pancasila, pronounced Panchaseela, is the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state.
		2.3 (3) The unity of Indonesia (Persatuan Indonesia)
		Pancasila nationalism demands that Indonesians avoid feelings of superiority on the grounds of ethnicity, for reasons of ancestry and skin color.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pancasila_Indonesia (1730 words)

	Indonesia - Pancasila
		In contrast to Muslim nationalists who insisted on an Islamic identity for the new state, the framers of the Pancasila insisted on a culturally neutral identity, compatible with democratic or Marxist ideologies, and overarching the vast cultural differences of the heterogeneous population.
		Suharto modified this view, to the extent that one of the criticisms of his version of the Pancasila was that he tried to Javanize it by asserting that the fundamental building block of the Pancasila was the ilmu kasunyatan (highest wisdom) that comes from the practices of kebatinan.
		To oppose the Pancasila was to oppose the foundation of the state.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/86.htm (1191 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Indonesia / Glossary
		Indonesia's 1963-66 effort to disrupt the new state of Malaysia, which Indonesian leaders regarded as a front for a continued British colonial presence in Southeast Asia.
		In March 1992, Indonesia announced that it was rejecting further IGGI aid as long as the Netherlands chaired the organization.
		Indonesia was among the original members; as of 1992, there were 101 members, 9 observers, and 12 "guests." Indonesia was elected to chair the Nonaligned Movement from 1992 to 1995.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/indonesia/id_glos.html (1583 words)

	indonesiaphoto.com - History of Indonesia #10: The New Order under Suharto
		Nasution, Indonesia's most senior general, was gently pushed aside after he left the post of minister of defense and security to become chairman of the DPR in early 1966.
		Because Indonesia lacked an indigenous class of entrepreneurs, large-scale enterprises were organized either through the action of the state (Pertamina, for example), by ethnic Chinese capitalists (known in Indonesia as cukong), or, quite often, a cooperative relationship of the two.
		Indonesia was among the original members; as of 1992, there were 101 members, 9 observers, and 12 "guests." Indonesia was elected to chair the Nonaligned Movement from 1992 to 1995.
	www.indonesiaphoto.com /content/view/102/46 (3768 words)

	Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pancasila nationalism demands that Indonesians avoid superiority feelings on ethnical grounds, for reasons of ancestry and colour of the skin.
		On this type of democracy, President Soeharto said: "The democracy that we practice is Pancasila democracy of which the basic principles and legal basis are laid down in the 1945 Constitution." Pancasila democracy calls for decision-making through deliberations, or musyawarah, to reach a consensus, or mufakat.
		This implies that democratic right must always be exercised with a deep sense of responsibility to God Almighty according to one’s own conviction and religious belief, with respect for humanitarian values of man’s dignity and integrity, and with a view to preserving and strengthening national unity and the pursuit of social justice.
	www.indonesia.embassy.uz /pancasila.htm (621 words)

	Indonesia
		Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate.
		Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time.
		Indonesia is the world's second largest exporter of natural gas, though it has recently become a net importer of crude oil.
	creekin.net /n86-indonesia.html (1297 words)

	indahnesia.com - Indonesia - The state philosophy - Discover Indonesia Online
		While the Pancasila has its modern aspect, Sukarno presented it in terms of a traditional Indonesian society in which the nation parallels an idealized village in which society is egalitarian, the economy is organized on the basis of mutual self-help (gotong royong), and decision making is by consensus (musyawarah-mufakat).
		This implies that democratic right must always be exercised with a deep sense of responsibility to God Almighty according to ones own conviction and religious belief with respect for humanitarian values of man's dignity and integrity, and with a view to preserving and strengthening national unity and the pursuit of social justice.
		These are the sacred values of Pancasila which, as a cultural principle should always be respected by every Indonesian because it is now the ideology of the state and the life philosophy of the Indonesian people.
	indahnesia.com /indonesia.php?page=INDPAN (1696 words)

	Indonesian Embassy in London, United Kingdom
		Pancasila, pronounced Panchaseela, is the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state.
		Pancasila nationalism demands that In-donesians avoid feelings of superiority on ethnical grounds, for rea-sons of ancestry and color of the skin.
		It further states, inter alia, that Indonesia’s national independence shall be established in the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia with sovereignty vested in the people.
	www.indonesianembassy.org.uk /indonesia_facts.html (2021 words)

	PANCASILA AND THE SEARCH FOR IDENTITY AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIAN SOCIETY: A CULTURAL AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS
		Pancasila is, thus, understood in terms of the particular context within which it has been born, and of the basic problems it has to answer.
		The context of Pancasila is the reality and the problem of unity and diversity of Indonesia, and the problem it has to deal with is the problem of identity and modernity.
		The effectiveness of Pancasila is tested and evaluated in terms of: (1) its ability to deal with the unity and diversity of Indonesia; (2) its rootedness in the basic value-orientation of the Indonesian people; (3) its compatibility with the universal principles of humanity.
	escholarship.bc.edu /dissertations/AAI8215653 (378 words)

	A Pilgrimage to Confucian Churches in Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Foundation of Confucian Religion in Indonesia: The Pancasila, this is the word for the official political philosophy of the country.
		Indonesia changed constitutions several times between 1945 and 1959, finally returning to the 1945 constitution on July 5, 1959, the Pancasila has continued to be the basis of Indonesian law and government.
		In other words, the Pancasila, one principle for all the religions should be the universality at the top and the diversity in their practices at the bottom.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~tkang/Indonesia.html (916 words)

	Indonesia - GOVERNMENT
		In fact, in Indonesia's case, economic development and widespread increases in the nation's standard of living consolidated the support of a government that was viewed as fundamentally undemocratic.
		Thus, because Indonesia in the early 1990s was and had been since 1966 a military-dominated system, many observers considered discussion of the military's role integral to the debate on Indonesia's government and politics.
		Indonesia's efforts to exploit the resources and assimilate the indigenous Papuan and Melanesian populations into the national administration and culture met sporadic armed resistance from the Free Papua Movement (OPM) and aroused international concerns.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/indonesia/GOVERNMENT.html (17632 words)

	Indonesia the Pancasila (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Backed both financially and organizationally by the government, it had mastered Indonesia's political stage so completely by the 1970s that speculation centered not on whether it would gain a legislative majority, but on how large that majority would be and how the minority opposition vote would be divided between the PPP and the PDI.
		Although the Pancasila includes the principle of belief in a "supreme being," use of the term Maha Esa, rather than Allah, was designed to encompass diverse religious groups: Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists as well as Muslims.
		In the wake of the 1984-85 violence, one of the Petition of Fifty's leaders, Lieutenant General H.R. Dharsono, who had served as secretary general of ASEAN, was put on trial for antigovernment activities and sentenced to a ten-year jail term (from which he was released in 1990).
	www.country-studies.com /indonesia/the-pancasila.html (496 words)

	Pancasila - Indonesia Matters
		Pancasila was affirmed by Sukarno in 1945 and it forms the basis of the Indonesian constitution.
		Pancasila, Yudhoyono said, was an ideology that saw all Indonesians as equal, despite their different faiths and ethnicities.
		We are gathered here to reiterate Indonesia as the place where we stand; Indonesia as a treasured heritage but also as an ideal; the Indonesia that was not only a mandate for our predecessors, but which is also vested for the millions of children still to be born.
	www.indonesiamatters.com /408/pancasila (1170 words)

	The Religion Report - 22 September 1999 - Politics and Religious Freedom
		Michael van Langenberg: The Pancasila was always presented from the late 1950s on very much as a philosophy that denied any legitimacy for the notion of a theocratic State, particularly an Islamic one.
		And increasingly I think both democratic political groups in Indonesia as well as re-emerging pious Muslim groups, particularly an expanding new Muslim middle-class that had begun to emerge in the 1980s, began to see the Pancasila laws as representative of the corrupt regime itself.
		John Cleary: Pancasila as applied in Indonesia was seen in its initial years, as an ideal example of the positive use of political power in the cause of religious toleration.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/religionreport/stories/1999/53762.htm (3386 words)

	Indonesia (01/07)
		Soekarno defended a secular state based on Pancasila, five principles of the state philosophy--monotheism, humanitarianism, national unity, representative democracy by consensus, and social justice--codified in the 1945 constitution, while some Muslim groups preferred either an Islamic state or a constitution which included a preambular provision requiring adherents of Islam to be subject to Islamic law.
		Indonesia's first elections in the post-Soeharto period were held for the national, provincial, and sub-provincial parliaments on June 7, 1999.
		Indonesia, which ranks eighth in world gas production, is still the world's number one exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), though its world market share has declined from 32% in 1998 to approximately 19% in 2004.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm (8100 words)

	Indonesia: Pentagons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The pentagon is a symbol of Pancasila, the national philosophy (in the past it was called national ideology), which consists of five principles.
		It is not always a pentagon that is used to represent Pancasila's principles.
		The Pancasila is also symbolised by the five parts of the coat-of-arms.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/id-pent.html (152 words)

	Indonesia.NL - Government :Pancasila, The State Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pancasila nationalism demands that Indonesians avoid feelings of superiority on ethnical grounds, for reasons of ancestry and on the color of the skin.
		Pancasila democracy calls for decision-making through deliberations, or musyawarah, to reach a consensus, or mufakat.
		Thus, Pancasila Democracy means democracy based on the people's sovereignty, which is inspired by and integrated with other principles of Pancasila.
	www.indonesia.nl /articles.php?art_cat_id=22&rank=1 (539 words)

	[Kabar-indonesia] Hardline Groups Reject Pancasila as Sole Ideology [+Tempo Interview/Hidayat] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The revival of Pancasila (the five-principles national philosophy) as a response to the emergence of Syariah-based bylaws in the regions, has placed him in a difficult position.
		Claiming to support Pancasila, people should not be allowed to sow slander, terror and views that could disintegrate the nation.
		But these days Pancasila is often just being used as a shield to protect the interests of individuals or groups.
	www.kabar-irian.com /pipermail/kabar-indonesia/2006-June/001103.html (2887 words)

	Pancasila - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article is about the Buddhist concept; see Pancasila Indonesia for the Indonesian state philosophy.
		The laity undertake to follow these precepts at the same time as they become Buddhists, taking refuge in the Triple Gem: In the Buddha (teacher), in the Dharma (teaching) and thirdly in the Sangha (spiritual community).
		Like all aspects of Buddhist dharma or teaching, the Pancasila are regarded as logically rather than supernaturally derived and are to be undertaken voluntarily rather than as "commandments" from a supernatural or mundane authority.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pancasila (244 words)

	Pancasila Summary
		When Indonesia finally acquired full independence as a unitary nation-state in 1950, a provisional constitution was drafted that ratified the Pancasila as state ideology.
		In 1975, he decreed that the Pancasila were to be introduced into the curriculum of all educational institutions in order to forestall the intrusion of socially destabilizing ideologies.
		His P4 decree of 1978 and his decree of 1985, which established the Pancasila as the sole ideological foundation of all social, religious, and political organizations, were geared to boost the realization of the Pancasila society.
	www.bookrags.com /Pancasila (660 words)

	Pancasila: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This article is about the Buddhist concept; see Pancasila Indonesia (Pancasila Indonesia: more facts about this subject) for the Indonesian state philosophy.
		Pancasila or pañca-sila is the fundamental code of Buddhist (Buddhist: One who follows the teachings of Buddha) ethics (ethics: The philosophical study of moral values and rules), willingly undertaken by lay followers of Gautama Buddha (Gautama Buddha: Founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC)).
		The term is Pali (Pali: An ancient Prakrit language (derived from Sanskrit) that is the scriptural and liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism) for "Five Virtues" (Five Rules or Precepts of Virtue) and is pronounced roughly "puntshaseela".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/pancasila (304 words)

	Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present
		Indonesia regularly experiences many earthquakes, and in 1993 and 1994 several major quakes occurred, including those in southern Sumatra, the southeast coast of Java, and in Maluku.
		Indonesia has a long history of accommodating different sets of beliefs and adapting them to become their own.
		Pancasila is also promoted throughout the government civil service and is represented on the shield of the national coat of arms, which also features the mythical garuda bird and the national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika," which may be translated as "From Many There Is One" or, more commonly, "Unity in Diversity".
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/indonesia/indonesia.html (14573 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Islam in Indonesia
		Indonesia's sheer size - it spans 5,000 kilometres - means there are significant variations within Islam from one part of the country to another.
		But the Islam of Indonesia was also influenced by Sufi holy men - devout Muslim mystics renowned for the beauty of their music and poetry, and for internalising the focus of their spiritual odyssey rather than seeking to impose their faith on the external political realities around them.
		The advent of democracy, coupled with the impact of the South-East Asian economic collapse in 1997, and the arrival of a tough new breed of Middle Eastern Islamic preachers, sowed the seeds of the current challenge to Indonesia's traditionally moderate form of Islam.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/world/asia-pacific/2357121.stm (1048 words)

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