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Topic: Pancuronium

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	Lethal injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pancuronium bromide (Trade name: Pavulon) is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant (a paralytic agent) that blocks the action of acetylcholine at the motor end-plate of the neuromuscular junction.
		Pancuronium bromide is a derivative of the alkaloid malouetine from the plant Malouetia bequaertiana.
		Supporters of the death penalty state that the claim that the pancuronium prevents the pentothal from working yet still is capable of causing paralysis is not based on any scientific evidence and is a drug interaction that has never before been documented for any other drugs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lethal_injection (4245 words)

	Ruthless Treatment For a Humane
		The use of pancuronium bromide in lethal injection is unjust, inhumane, and constitutionally cruel and unusual punishment.
		Pancuronium bromides use in the euthanizing of animals became prohibited in 2001.
		Pancuronium bromide is a drug that has been deemed unsuitable for use on animals and yet it is still being used upon humans.
	www.svsu.edu /~aascheel/ArgumentPaper.htm (1767 words)

	Data Sheet
		Pancuronium causes moderate increases in heart rate with an attendant increase in cardiac output and blood pressure; there does not appear to be any measurable effect on systemic vascular resistance.
		Pancuronium is indicated as an aid to anaesthesia, to act as a muscle relaxant in certain surgical operations such as abdominal, anal, open chest and ophthalmic surgery.
		Pancuronium may be used for Caesarian section but reversal of pancuronium may be unsatisfactory in patients receiving magnesium sulphate for toxaemia of pregnancy because magnesium salts enhance neuromuscular blockade.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/datasheet/p/pancuroniumbromidebaxterinj.htm (1146 words)

	Data Sheet
		Pancuronium should not be used in patients with pre-existing tachycardia or in patients in whom even a minor elevation in heart rate is undesirable.
		Pancuronium should only be used in hospitals equipped with suitable equipment for anaesthesia and/or resuscitation and administered only by a qualified anaesthetist or a physician experienced in anaesthetics.
		Pancuronium may be used in operative obstetrics (caesarian section) but reversal of medicine effects may be unsatisfactory in patients receiving magnesium sulphate for toxaemia of pregnancy.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /profs/Datasheet/p/PancuroniumBromideinj.htm (1296 words)

	Pancuronium Bromide 2 mg/ml Injection, SPC from the eMC
		Pancuronium is longer acting in the intensive care patient, and an intravenous dose of 60 micrograms/kg every one to one and a half hours, or even less frequently is usually adequate.
		Pancuronium should be used with particular care in neonates, in ill or cachetic patients, in the presence of liver disease or obstructive jaundice (resistant to the effects of drugs) in states with altered plasma protein levels or when there is diminished renal blood flow or renal disease.
		Pancuronium should be given with caution to patients receiving chronic tricyclic antidepressant therapy who are anaesthetised with halothane or any inhalation anaesthetic since this enhances the predisposition to the development of cardiac arrythmias associated with tricyclic antidepressants.
	emc.medicines.org.uk /emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?DocumentID=648 (2166 words)

	pancuronium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pancuronium produces complete muscular relaxation by binding to the nicotinic M receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions, without initiating depolarization of the muscle membrane.
		Pancuronium is used to optimize conditions for endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilations.
		Pancuronium is excreted in the urine; doses should be decreased for patients with renal disease.
	www.templejc.edu /dept/ems/drugs/pancuronium.html (197 words)

	Ban Lethal Injection and Pancuronium Bromide Petition
		This petition is to stop the use of lethal injection, and the use of pancuronium bromide, to execute human beings.
		Pavulon,which was a brand name for pancuronium bromide has been taken off the market in the USA, and the American Veterinary Medical Association for the euthanasia of animals does not allow it's use, and is banned for the use of animals in at least 19 states, although it's used for inmate executions.
		Pancuronium bromide is one of three drugs used for lethal injection.
	www.petitiononline.com /needles/petition.html (440 words)

	[No title]
		Pancuronium bromide is injected next, which in addition to paralyzing the entire muscle system also stops the diaphragm and interrupts breathing.
		Pancuronium bromide "is not used because what it does is paralyze the diaphragm so the animal suffocates." Other medical experts question the use of pancuronium bromide in executions because surgical patients injected with the drug have been known to awaken during operations but were unable to signal they were enduring excruciating pain.
		The pancuronium bromide "gives a false impression of serenity to viewers, making punishment by death more palatable." Nevertheless, the judge went on to rule against the inmate who was challenging the use of the drug.
	venus.soci.niu.edu /~jthomas/class/News/80 (987 words)

	University of Iowa Anesthesia Publications
		Intravenous administration of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium in fetal limbs.
		The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of intravenous administration of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium in fetal lambs.
		The present study suggests that pancuronium is preferable to d-tubocurarine for those intrauterine procedures when an increase in fetal heart rate is desired.
	www.anesth.uiowa.edu /readabstract.asp?PMID=2492766 (147 words)

	Harvard Friends of Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The challenge to the use of pancuronium bromide was brought in chancery court here by Abu-Ali Abdur'Rahman, who is on death row for a 1986 murder.
		The American Veterinary Medical Association condemns pancuronium bromide when it is the sole chemical used or when it is used in combination with the usual animal euthanasia drug, sodium pentobarbital.
		They do not defend the use of pancuronium bromide beyond noting that it is widely used and so should not be considered cruel and unusual punishment under the Constitution.
	hcs.harvard.edu /~amnesty/articles/injec.html (1397 words)

	Attack on Texas's Lethal Injection Bogus
		Pancuronium bromide is a federally approved medication used routinely in hundreds of thousands of medical procedures in this country every year.
		I know that because, as a licensed, practicing anesthesiologist for the last 20 years, I have given pancuronium bromide and similar drugs to thousands of patients in the operating room, albeit with different results.
		Pancuronium bromide and its newer cousins are members of a class called neuromuscular blockers.
	www.cjlf.org /deathpenalty/TXInjection.htm (831 words)

	National Women's Newborn Drug Protocol - Pancuronium Pharmacology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pancuronium is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant that competitively antagonises autonomic cholinergic receptors and also causes sympathetic stimulation.
		The effects of pancuronium are reversed by neostigmine (60 micrograms/kg) and atropine (20 micrograms/kg).
		The management of pancuronium overdose includes supportive mechanical ventilation and reversal with neostigmine and atropine.
	www.adhb.govt.nz /newborn/DrugProtocols/PancuroniumPharmacology.htm (282 words)

	Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
		Pancuronium was the only drug used as the neuromuscular blocking agent in a dose ranging from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg, repeated in order to maintain paralysis.
		The routine use neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium in a selected population of ventilated preterm infants breathing in asynchrony with the ventilator results in a reduction of intraventricular hemorrhage and possibly of pneumothorax.
		Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of lungs of infants with hyaline membrane disease.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /COCHRANE/Cools/COOLS.HTM (7579 words)

	APPGuide Online - Consumer Medicine Information - PANCURONIUM BROMIDE INJECTION B.P. - CMI
		Pancuronium Bromide Injection is used to stop your muscles moving during surgery or in intensive care.
		Pancuronium Bromide injection will only be used if the solution is clear, the package is undamaged and the use by (expiry) date marked on the pack has not been passed.
		Since Pancuronium Bromide Injection will stop your muscles moving, it will be necessary for the anaesthetist to help you breathe while you are being given it.
	www.appco.com.au /appguide/drug.asp?drug_id=00099412&t=cmi (903 words)

	Neuromuscular disorder in intensive care unit patients treated with pancuronium bromide: occurrence in a cluster group ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sedation was achieved using midazolam, curarization was effected with the neuromuscular non-depolarizing agent pancuronium bromide (PB), and corticosteroids were administered to eight patients.
		Pancuronium bromide should be used with caution, particularly when associated with steroids therapy, and it may cause difficulty in weaning patients from the respirator.
		We describe nine patients treated with pancuronium bromide (PB) and midazolam for artificial ventilation, who developed tetraparesis or peripheral nerve palsies or both in the absence of sensory disturbance.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n1_v106/ai_15642450 (693 words)

	NCADP: National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty
		Pickett sought out a Dallas therapist because he believed Carlos endured an agonizing death due to the use of pancuronium bromide, which is outlawed in Texas for euthanizing animals in shelters.
		If he is right, Carlos was awake as the pancuronium bromide collapsed his diaphragm and lungs; conscious as a 3rd drug -- potassium chloride -- shut down his heart.
		Even reptiles must be spared a death by pancuronium bromide under a bill that Gov.
	www.ncadp.org /news_headline_12_12_2003_lethalinjection.html (774 words)

	PANCURONIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pancuronium has been demonstrated to increase lung compliance and to improve oxygenation in infants who struggle against ventilation.
		Pancuronium causes muscle paralysis by competing with acetycholine for cholinoceptive sites at the post junctional membrane.
		Careful assessment of the baby's response to touch and handling, vital signs and air entry should be made by the accreditated RN prior to administration of Pancuronium.
	www.cs.nsw.gov.au /rpa/neonatal/html/meds/pancuron.htm (276 words)

	University of Iowa Anesthesia Publications
		These values for time to maximum NMB are significantly longer than the time required for succinylcholine to achieve maximal blockade.
		However, when the two doses of drug were separated by 5 min, only small, non-significant further decreases occurred in the time required to achieve maximum blockade.
		Although the time to maximum NMB following divided doses of pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium is significantly longer than that for succinylcholine, divided dosing significantly decreases the time required to reach maximal NMB.
	www.anesth.uiowa.edu /readabstract.asp?PMID=2897912 (167 words)

	Medication Safety Alert! Acute Care Edition
		For example, 2 mL vials of pancuronium bromide (4 mg/2 mL), phenylephrine 1% (10 mg/mL), metoclopramide (10 mg/2 mL) and atropine (0.4 mg/mL) have white caps and aluminum ferrules.
		The small vials of vaccine were the same size, shape and color as pancuronium vials stored on the same shelf in the ER's refrigerator.
		However, if a vial of pancuronium rolls across a flat surface and accidentally combines with a supply of metoclopramide vials, patients may not be so lucky.
	www.ismp.org /newsletters/acutecare/articles/19990324.asp?ptr=y (470 words)

	Baxter International Inc, - Analysis
		Pancuronium is a rapid-onset, long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent used to temporarily freeze muscles during surgery or mechanical ventilation and to assist in the intubation process.
		Although pancuronium is an older drug, doctors continue to use it because it is an effective and inexpensive product with a known side-effect profile.
		Although pancuronium is still an important drug, companies are unlikely to devote resources to developing an older drug with limited sales.
	www.ftc.gov /os/2002/12/baxter_wyethanalysis.htm (2381 words)

	Critical Care \| Full text \| A comparison of rocuronium and pancuronium in adult patients scheduled for 'fast-track' ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Twenty patients eligible for 'fast-track' cardiac surgery were prospectively randomised to receive either pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg or rocuronium 1 mg/kg in a double-blind study design.
		The median times (in minutes) for pancuronium and rocuronium, respectively, to recovery of TOF 0.9 were 472.5 (SD, 103.7) and 217.5 (SD, 56.6).
		No patient in the rocuronium group and 7/10 patients in the pancuronium group had their extubations delayed as a consequence of residual paralysis.
	ccforum.com /content/6/S2/7 (397 words)

	Pavulon - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Pancuronium is for injection or infusion into a vein.
		It is given by a health-care professional in a hospital or clinic setting.
		You will be carefully monitored for side effects while you receive pancuronium, and for some time afterwards.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,8087\|Pavulon,00.html (357 words)

	[No title]
		Pancuronium bromide is the second drug used in the lethal injection process and is a neuromuscular blocking agent.
		Therefore, nurses are warned that a patient under effects of pancuronium bromide must be given a sedative, because paralysis without adequate sedation is terrifying.
		Pancuronium bromide is used as an adjunct to anesthesia when adequate skeletal muscle relaxation is needed.
	www.ncadp.org /html/report.htm (4829 words)

	Impact of the initial doses of rocuronium and pancuronium on subsequent maintenance for neuromuscular block -- Kern et ...
		Impact of the initial doses of rocuronium and pancuronium on subsequent maintenance for neuromuscular block -- Kern et al.
		Impact of the initial doses of rocuronium and pancuronium on subsequent maintenance for neuromuscular block
		Group PR received pancuronium for intubation and rocuronium for maintenance and Group PP received pancuronium for both intubation and maintenance.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/48/2/129 (1302 words)

	Pancuronium bromide (pavulon) isolation and identification in aged autopsy tissues and fluids
		Pancuronium bromide (pavulon) isolation and identification in aged autopsy tissues and fluids
		The isolation and detection of pancuronium bromide was developed for aged autopsy samples to identify and confirm this compound in questioned tissue samples.
		Author Andresen BD, Alcaraz A, Grant PM Title Pancuronium bromide (pavulon) isolation and identification in aged autopsy tissues and fluids Symposium, Committee on
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/4878.htm (253 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Pancuronium - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist.
		As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.
		Pancuronium Bromide 2 mg/ml Injection, SPC from the eMC
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/pancuronium_printer.htm (155 words)

	Drug Shortage Bulletin: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mivacurium is a short-acting NMBA used to facilitate intubation and relax skeletal muscles as an adjunct to general anesthesia.
		Pancuronium is a long-acting NMBA used to facilitate intubation and relax skeletal muscles as an adjunct to general anesthesia during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
		Rapacuronium is a short-acting NMBA used to facilitate intubation and relax skeletal muscles as an adjunct to general anesthesia.
	www.ashp.org /shortage/nmba-combined.cfm (1186 words)

	Attempted Murder with Pancuronium
		Confirmation of these results was achieved by pairing the drug with potassium iodide, extracting the complex, and submitting the extract to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) cleanup, elution at the appropriate retardation factor (Rf), and, finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in the selected ion monitoring mode.
		The two quaternary amines of pancuronium appear to undergo pyrolytic N-demethylation in the injection port to yield in an entity amenable to capillary column gas chromatography.
		The mass spectrum of the compound consists of a base peak of m/z 322, with additional fragments of 292, 323, 338, 396, and 397 m/z, each of which was monitored.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/1188.htm (302 words)

	The Mechanism of Pancuronium Potentiation of Mivacurium Block: Use of the Isolated-Arm Technique -- Motamed et al. 91 ...
		The Mechanism of Pancuronium Potentiation of Mivacurium Block: Use of the Isolated-Arm Technique -- Motamed et al.
		The Mechanism of Pancuronium Potentiation of Mivacurium Block: Use of the Isolated-Arm Technique
		pancuronium, followed by 50 and 100 µg/kg mivacurium,
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/3/732 (373 words)

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