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	The Pequod \| Essays \| Literary Criticism \| Pandarus, the Narrator and the Author in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde
		Pandarus's sententiousness is not paralleled by the narrator.
		Pandarus is practical and, apparently, emotionally detached, a fact which leads him to oversimplify and under-empathise.
		For both the narrator and Pandarus, their sources of information are exposed as limiting and, since they are both potentially emotionally involved in their subjects, they lack any objective perspective or means of explaining the events which have occurred beyond raw emotional responses.
	www.thepequod.org.uk /essays/litcrit/troilus.htm (2990 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pandarus is interested in the stars, if at all, only as a means to forecast the weather (2.74-75); he never had any illusions, and that may be why he never cared much for "trouthe." Pandarus is an instrument--"`swich a meene / As maken wommen unto men to comen'" (3.254-55)--and he constantly practices instrumentality or expediency.
		Pandarus always "means other." And if Chaucer repeats the word "entente" so insistently, it is because he is problematizing authorial intentionality as an instance of the narcissism of instrumentality.
		Pandarus is the origin of representation in Chaucer's poem.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/rashoaf/currency/eight.html (2955 words)

	Essential Chaucer: Troilus and Criseyde--Pandarus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Argues that the involvement of Pandarus, the narrator, and the reader determines the plot of Troilus and Criseyde.
		Pandarus is a paradigm of involvement in his overt manipulation of the lovers.
		"Pandarus and the Fate of Tantalus." Orbis Litterarum 24 (1969):3-15.
	colfa.utsa.edu /chaucer/ec29-10.html (345 words)

	Entente, Will, and Paganism in Troilus and Criseyde
		Pandarus is an excellent example of a character whose motives are ambiguous.
		However, for these vaguely defined motives, Pandarus is ready (and even eager) to mislead or even lie to his niece, who is not only a relative but also someone who trusts him (at least in certain areas of her life) enough to ask him for advice on the management of her social standing and position.
		Pandarus is revealed, through his plans and desires, to be a cunning and manipulative character.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/5599/literature/troilus.html (1309 words)

	Pandarus
		In Homer's Iliad, Pandarus or Pandaros is the son of Lycaon and a famous archer.
		Pandarus, who fights on the side of Troy in the Trojan War, first appears in Book Four of the Iliad.
		Both Pandarus and other characters in the medieval story who have names from the Iliad are quite different from Homer's characters of the same name.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Mythology/Pandarus.html (421 words)

	Chaucer: November Minutes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pandarus’ role continues to be central to the two lovers as he advises Troilus to write Criseyde a letter.
		After more discussion on Pandarus’ character and his relationship with Criseyde, we analyzed Pandarus’ presence throughout the book, adding to his role as writer of romance his role as reader of romance, and audience.
		The fractures are evident again in Pandarus’ refusal to allow Criseyde a moment to plan (with reference back to the Geoffrey of Vinseuf passage at the end of Book One) how to respond to Troilus’; sudden fit of jealousy, and his shifting of the complex "ducarnoun" into a simple problem with an obvious solution.
	individual.utoronto.ca /jensutherl/november.html (1982 words)

	Cotroneo. Pandarus, the Broker.
		He is a pipeline that allows incongruously inappropriate private matters to flow beneath the surface of society, as it is housed within the character of an unassuming, mild, and selfless man. All of which is an illusion.
		Pandarus is functionally fluid, able to move between private and public spheres effortlessly.
		While it is vital that Pandarus is not neglected in any serious study of the poem, it is equally critical that his ascendancy does not come at the expense of the other major characters.
	www.luminarium.org /medlit/pandarus.htm (1347 words)

	Theatre for a New Audience: Troilus and Cressida, Act V Scene 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pandarus, he theorizes, had spoken an epilogue in Chettle's and Day's play that had gotten a good response.
		Pandarus' speech ends the play in virtually all editions, and no record survives of productions which transferred the speech to the interior of the play; the Victorian acting edition was apparently never produced on stage.
		Pandarus addresses the audience as "Good traders in the flesh," implicating us in his obscene vision of a world of "traitors and bawds," as he bequeaths us his "diseases" (5.11.45, 37, 56).
	www.tfana.org /2001/troilus/troilus09prt.htm (1295 words)

	Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde Annotated Bibliography, UW English 210
		Freiwald suggests that Pandarus and Troilus have an “imperfect” friendship, which is defined by Aristotle as “the kind of friendship which occurs when two partners expect pleasure or utility to result from their association” (122).
		Chaucer does not answer many of the questions posed by Pandarus and for Pugh, this authorial silence “invites the reader to create Pandarus according to his or her individual desires” (5).
		The description of Pandarus provides a good example of this phenomenon; in his analysis Tatlock identifies Pandarus as a character whose motivations lie in the gratification of his talents, i.e.
	students.washington.edu /jengd/troy210/bib/chaucer.htm (5265 words)

	Troilus Criseyde Essays - The Power of Pandarus in Troilus and Criseyde
		Pandarus does claim at several points to be swept along with the course of events, insisting "Withouten hond, me seemeth that in towne,/ For this merveille ich here ech belle sown" (188-89).
		Because the influence of Pandarus is so significant, any broad thematic discussions developed throughout the work as a whole are potentially qualified or compromised by the presence of Pandarus.
		Pandarus is more than a mere catalyst, though; he positions himself to be in complete control of each encounter with Troilus and/or Criseyde.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=11635 (749 words)

	main00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When Pandarus tries to convince her that she is responsible for Troilus' pain, instead of foolishly rushing to do what the male figure suggests, Criseyde thinks, "'I shal felen what he meneth, ywis'" (p.60, l.387).
		Pandarus comes back from Troilus with a letter for Criseyde, and Criseyde stands absolutely still and tells Pandarus in no uncertain terms that she will not accept a letter written about love and lust and will herself not write one in return (p.88, l.1128-1134).
		When Pandarus comes to her after her first night with Troilus, Criseyde is embarrassed and calls Pandarus a fox for putting them together, but the narrator tells us that, as Christ forgave his death, so she forgave Pandarus (p.170, l.1577-1578).
	athena.english.vt.edu /~exlibris/essays00/davis.htm (6078 words)

	SparkNotes: Troilus and Cressida: Act III
		In Troy, Pandarus converses with a servant while he waits to speak with Paris and Helen.
		Paris and Helen ask where Troilus will be dining, and Pandarus refuses to tell him--but they both guess that he will be in pursuit of Cressida, and they make bawdy jokes about it as they depart to greet the returning warriors.
		Pandarus finds Troilus pacing about impatiently in an orchard, and assures him that his desire for Cressida will soon be satisfied.
	www.sparknotes.com /shakespeare/troilus/section4.rhtml (961 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Troilus and Cressida Study Guide
		Troilus, a son of King Priam of Troy, is in love with Pandarus’ niece, Cressida, and he has secured Pandarus as a matchmaker.
		Pandarus is a bawdy old flatterer, constantly making sexual puns; he agrees that Cressida is nearly as beautiful as Helen, though he adds that Cressida ought not to continue to stand behind her father, Calchas, who betrayed Troy by defecting to the Greeks.
		Troilus gives the play’s first soliloquy after Pandarus’ exit, saying that both Pandarus and Cressida are difficult to interpret — Pandarus requires almost as much “wooing” (that is, sweet-talking) as Cressida herself — and expressing his ardent wish to be with Cressida.
	www.gradesaver.com /classicnotes/titles/troilus/section1.html (1528 words)

	Queer Pandarus
		Certainly, the friendship between Pandarus and Troilus is overtly homosocial; scholarship has yet to address, however, whether their relationship can be read as subtextually queer as well.
		Pandarus claims his right to know Troilus's secrets because they both suffer from the cruelties of love, yet he then shifts his argument away from a mutual sharing of sorrows.
		Pandarus is addressed as a female, and, consequently, gender divisions become obscured, thus destabilizing the contemporary western division of heterosexual and homosexual.
	www.geocities.com /salferrat/chaucpugh2.htm (5895 words)

	Theatre for a New Audience: Troilus and Cressida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A trio of revelers sit in the sand down right to tell us that Pandarus is not interrupting a private tryst, as the text suggests, but a party, albeit a fairly exclusive one.
		Pandarus has his turn at song, acceding to Helen's insistence, though he does not seem to know the song she suggests: "This love will undo us all" (3.1.104).
		Pandarus greets Aeneas and tries to deceive him about Troilus’ presence at the house, but apparently everyone at the palace knows where Troilus is to be found this morning.
	www.tfana.org /2001/troilus/troilus05.htm (2217 words)

	Incest in T&C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		61 Thus Pandarus not only fulfills the societal mandates of the incest taboo in his role as trader, but also feels the incestuous desire created by that selfsame taboo--and it is just this contradiction that haunts his relationship with Criseyde and troubles the originary claims of the incest taboo in Troilus and Criseyde.
		In Boccacio, Pandarus proceeds directly to Criseyde's home after Troilus confesses his love for her and takes very little time to announce both that another man is in love with Criseyde, and that man is Troilus--about a hundred lines.
		From this troubled sleep, Pandarus awakens "half in slomberynge" to the song of the swallow Procne, whose warblings recount Tereus's incestuous rape of her sister Philomela.
	web.english.ufl.edu /exemplaria/fehrenba.htm (5405 words)

	MonkeyNotes-Troilus and Cressida by William Shakespeare-Free Book notes/Chapter Summary
		The servant tells Pandarus that the music that is being played within is being played at the request of Paris who is out with ‘‘the mortal Venus, the heart-blood of beauty, love’s visible soul’.’ Pandarus takes this to refer to his cousin Cressida but the servant is actually talking of Helen.
		Pandarus states his business: he has been sent by Prince Troilus to speak with Paris, and says that he has to make an assault of complimentary speeches on Paris as he (Pandarus), is in a hurry.
		Pandarus slips back into flattery calling her ‘honey-sweet queen’ to distract her and says that he longs to know the progress that day.
	pinkmonkey.com /booknotes/monkeynotes/pmTroilus41.asp (759 words)

	Scene outline
		Pandarus, rising depressed by his own ill success in love, rushes off to Criseyde, teases her, urges her to cheer up, and after elaborate rhetorical preparation reveals Troilus's love to her in an idealized account.
		Pandarus rushes back to the bed, helps revive Troilus; the lovers are now left in bed (Pandarus retires); they exchange vows, spend the night in bliss, and part regretfully at dawn.
		Pandarus then suggests they elope, but Troilus explains why he cannot in honor do anything to stop her departure or abduct her.
	www174.pair.com /mja/tranal.html (1061 words)

	Pandarus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is later killed by Diomedes by having his spear strike him in the face, severing his tongue.
		In Geoffrey Chaucer’s poem Troilus and Criseyde (1370), Pandarus is an active go-between between his niece Criseyde and the Trojan prince Troilus, the younger brother of Paris and Hector.
		Shakespeare's Pandarus is more of a bawd than Chaucer's, and he is a lecherous and degenerate individual.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pandarus (407 words)

	troilussummary
		Pandarus says she ought to have followed Calchas to the Greek side.
		Pandarus is called to Troilus; meanwhile Cressida pledges to herself to be secretive about her real love for Troilus.
		Pandarus gets the last word: speaking out to the panderers in the audience, he warns them of the ills of the trade; in other words, he will write a will and bequeath them his same diseases.
	home.uchicago.edu /~ahkissel/troilussummary.html (2014 words)

	Size and distribution of Pandarus satyrus (Copepoda: Pandaridae) on the blue shark Prionace glauca ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A total of 80 specimens of Pandarus satyrus, a cosmopolitan ectoparasitic copepod, were taken from fishery catches of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) in the Eastern Pacific coast of Costa Rica.
		Sharks infested by Pandarus are reported by Cressey (1967) and Benz (1981, 1986, 1992).
		The aim of this paper is to report the presence, body distibution and abundance of this parasite in the blue shark Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) in Costa Rica.
	rbt.ots.ac.cr /revistas/49-1/rojas2.html (874 words)

	102histlitresponse
		Pandarus gets Deiphebus, already allied to Troilus through blood, to organize political support for Criseyde.
		What's not hard to find are the guidelines Pandarus provided: he virtually writes their love letters for them.
		Then she'd be accused of unwomanliness (a charge which she herself recognizes in saying she couldn't be a nun, book II, stanza 109).
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~lmbishop/honcol/102/histlitcomm.htm (1292 words)

	This Star of England - Chapter 20
		Pandarus, in describing Cressida, is of course describing Anne, who is always dark, "brown in hue," ete., comparing her to Helen-Elizabeth, who, in 1572, had been her rival.
		Pandarus is now working on his niece in favor of Troilus, as he has heretofore been stressing her charms to him.
		Pandarus gossips on; and there is a great deal of sous-entendu about the hairs on Troilus's chin and the laughter the scene had provoked.
	www.sourcetext.com /sourcebook/Star/41-60/ch47.html (6080 words)

	Pandarus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the Trojan War (as recounted in Homer's Iliad) he broke the truce by wounding Menelaus and soon after was killed by Diomed.
		In the medieval romance of Troilus and Cressida, Pandarus is the name of the lascivious intermediary between the lovers.
		The word pander is derived from the latter story.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-pandarus.html (201 words)

	Amazon.com: Pandarus: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Size and distribution of Pandarus satyrus (Copepoda: Pandaridae) on the blue shark Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Costa Rica.: An article from: Revista de Biología Tropical by Jose Rodrigo Rojas M., Omar Rodriguez Solano, and Alvaro Morales-Ramirez (Digital - Mar 1, 2001) - HTML
		The source of the word, however, is Pandarus, a respectable mythical Greek hero who, according to Homer's Iliad,...
		Pandarus, who is a lecher and a coward; Cassandra, who is...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Pandarus&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (860 words)

	Troilus & Criseyde
		Do we readers see complications that Pandarus doesn't anticipate, or is he pretending not to anticipate them, or.
		A typical Pandarus sentiment, for example, is expressed in l.
		Be sure to notice how neatly Pandarus eases Helen and Deiphebus out the back door, so that everybody in the dining room assumes they're still in Troilus's sickroom.
	www174.pair.com /mja/troilus.html (1875 words)

	Pandarus - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Pandarus, in Greek mythology, Lycian who fought as an ally of the Trojans in the Trojan War.
		A famous archer, he broke the truce between the Greeks...
		PANDARUS What a pair of spectacles is here!
	au.encarta.msn.com /Pandarus.html (78 words)

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