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Topic: Panguna

	Panguna promising
		MAY 15, 1989, was the last day of operation at the huge Panguna copper mine on the Papua New Guinea island of Bougainville.
		Panguna, of course, is on the top of many lists, but those with longer memories may recall that in 1985-86 the then CRA did a very extensive geological study of the island - and came up with a large number of several interesting targets, none of which has been followed up.
		Panguna would be too big a bite for a company like Ord River on its own, but Chinese financing for the redevelopment of Panguna is not an outrageous thought - just think of China Metallurgical Construction teaming up with Highlands Pacific and providing the $1.15 billion for the huge Ramu nickel-cobalt project.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press1212.htm (392 words)

	History of Bougainville - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1964, the first attempts were made to explore the island's resources, when CRA Exploration, a subsidiary of Australian company Rio Tinto Zinc, began drilling in the Panguna area.
		The first independence movement began to arise in the late 1960s, as people began to air their grievances against the Australian colonial government over the handling of the Panguna mine.
		In 1987, Ona and Serero called a meeting of landowners at Panguna, and as a result, the Panguna Landowners' Association was formed, with Serero as 'chairlady', and Ona as General Secretary.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /History_of_Bougainville (2152 words)

	Bougainville update
		Mr Daveona also said that there was already a lease holder for Panguna and that any attempts to bring in investors in the mining sector should be done in a transparent manner to have credible investors into Bougainville.
		The Panguna landowners have also supported statements by the Bougainville regional MP Bougainville Leo Hannett in which he raised important issues of concern to the ABG, the landowners and the people of the region in general the tax claim by the IRC against BCL for over K27 million.
		The re-animation of the Panguna mine is the key issue for the economic development in Bougainville in the future.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press1385.htm (784 words)

	The Australian: Rebel's death clears path for mine [ 26jul05 ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Bougainville, which is geographically part of the Solomons group and is ethnically distinct from the rest of PNG, descended into rebellion and anarchy in the early 1990s.
		The Panguna mine, until it was closed in 1989 by the rebels, was the economic mainstay of the island.
		One is that it was pollution from the mine, owned by Rio Tinto's Australia-listed subsidiary Bougainville Copper, that was one of the main triggers for the uprising and civil war on the island.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /printpage/0,5942,16052741,00.html (463 words)

	Mining on Newguinea
		Panguna Mine on Bougainville was the first large mining operation after the war.
		Rumours among Bougainvilleans grew to a civil war, that led to the closure of the mine in 1989.
		The Hamburgian copper-smelter NA was one of the customers of Panguna ore, but they found a substitute just in time: Ok Tedi.
	www.rettet-die-elbe.de /oktedi/png_mine.htm (709 words)

	Minister's trip ignites Bougainville share price - Business - Business
		FIRST clear signs that the abandoned Panguna copper-gold mine on Bougainville Island may reopen and that exploration of the island's highly prospective terrain could resume have emerged, sending shares in the Rio Tinto-controlled Bougainville Copper sharply higher.
		Although investor hopes that Panguna might reopen soared, the focus of Mr Akoitai's meeting with Rio's executives is said to be on lifting the exploration moratorium on the troubled island.
		Peter Taylor, BOC's chairman and a staff member at the mine from 1985 to 1987, has said repeatedly that the company was keen to talk to the autonomous and national governments and local landowners, to "discuss what they want for the future".
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2006/03/14/1142098465291.html (521 words)

	05/05/00 -- Panguna Economics Discourage Resumption of Mining Activities
		The referendum issue is yet to be finally resolved including other important requirements for weapons disposal, full restoration of civil authority, and public confidence in the effective right to speak, stand for election and vote freely.
		The company also told shareholders that it can’t be assumed that BCL would be able to raise the funding needed to reopen the Panguna mine.
		Since inception until cessation, the mine had produced 3 million tonnes of copper, 306 tonnes of gold and 784 tonnes of silver.
	www.forests.org /archive/png/pangecon.htm (443 words)

	Herald Sun: Panguna mine 'stays closed' [ 01jul05 ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He said that once sovereignty and independence were established, the people and Panguna landowners might decide the mine could be reopened but that was not possible now.
		PNG's Mining Minister Sam Akoitai has said the reopening of the Panguna mine was a sensitive issue and it would remain closed for an indefinite period.
		At BCL's annual general meeting in May, chairman Peter Taylor said it might not be a case of returning to Panguna but of pursuing the company's seven existing exploration licences for the island.
	www.heraldsun.news.com.au /printpage/0,5481,15787664,00.html (436 words)

	Bougainville - The long struggle for freedom
		The villages were desperately afraid of losing the land for which their ancestors had fought and died, or having to leave the mountains in which their protective tribal spirits lived.
		The company was at Panguna to make money for its shareholders and the Australian Government wanted it to stay in the hope of revolution ising the puny economy of PNG.
		Besides, the landowners never had a comprehensive understanding of the absolute destruction, degradation and pollution of their land, sea and air environment which was yet to follow.
	www.eco-action.org /dt/bvstory.html (3806 words)

	Mining at Panguna
		The Panguna Mine on the island of Bougainville is interesting due to the fact that dissatisfactions with environmental damages and the social impacts of mining caused the mine to be closed in 1989.
		Even now with peace underway, the prospects of the Panguna mine re-opening appear very slim.
		At its height, the Panguna mine drove much of Papua New Guinea's economy.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~jkjacka/panguna.htm (311 words)

	Panguna -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It was built to house the employees of Bougainville Copper Ltd., whose open-pit mine is located 16 miles (26 km) to the southwest at Panguna.
		The towns of Panguna, Arawa, Kieta, and Toniva...
		Large gold or gold and copper deposits have led to major development at Panguna on Bougainville, Ok Tedi in the Star Mountains, Misima Island in Milne Bay, Porgera in...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9058262 (388 words)

	NO QUICK RETURN TO PANGUNA: BCL - August 1, 2005
		Mining Minister Sam Akoitai has said the reopening of the Panguna mine was a sensitive issue and it would remain closed for an indefinite period.
		Taylor said the move to review the Bougainville Copper Agreement was welcome and would allow all parties to bring their issues to the table and discuss a possible return to mining at Panguna.
		At BCL's annual general meeting in May, Taylor said it might not be a case of returning to Panguna to mine but of pursuing the company's seven existing exploration licenses for the island.
	archives.pireport.org /archive/2005/august/08-01-10.htm (510 words)

	Crisis History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In May 1989 tensions within Bougainville erupted, resulting in the closure of Conzinc Rio Tinto’s giant copper mine in Panguna, war between PNG defence forces and their supporters and rebel guerillas, and a political and physical blockade of Bougainville.
		The situation reached crisis point in the 1980s, with the emergence of a new, young, highly educated leadership of Bougainvilleans, knowledgeable in their history and particularly bitter towards Australia and PNG for exploiting the land and refusing to grant them independence.
		As the environment around Panguna began to show its twenty years of degradation, they became angry at the results of the model of development ‘imposed’ on them.
	users.bigpond.net.au /lftn/history.htm (844 words)

	Manila Independent Media Collective. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In late 1988 a small group of Panguna villagers, led by elder Francis Ona, a former employee at the RTZ-CRA (Rio Tinto) Panguna copper-gold mine, blew up some of its installations (ironically with explosives seized from the company).
		The company closed down Panguna the following year, by which time PNG central government forces, strategically backed by the Australian government, were waging full-scale war on a large proportion of the population of Bougainville.
		Yet, it was the Panguna landowners who were last to put down their weapons, testifying continually over nearly thirty yers that the mine lay at the core of their grievances, and that they would never allow it to re-open.
	manila.indymedia.org /index.php?action=newswire&parentview=621 (1515 words)

	site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The property is situated on the south western side of Panguna Street and just to the west of the intersection with Aropa Street.
		Panguna Street is an elevated rural residental subdivision comprising mostly good quality residences.
		Panguna Street is a bitumen sealed roadway with earth formed shoulders.
	www.iig.com.au /~cns01890/site.htm (635 words)

	Panguna joins peace process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Last Friday, BRA personalities and Me'ekamui soldiers handed in their weapons voluntarily without United Nations' supervision, (the normal procedure) and brought them to the UN office in Arawa for verification.
		UN head Ambassador Noel Sinclair and UN executive William Okzaptan took the honour to verify and lock the guns in three trunks before returning them to Panguna for the commanders and people to look after.
		"Panguna is moving slowly with its peace activities…our brothers and sisters from other districts should continue and go
	www.hellopacific.com /news/general/news/2004/01/06/06j.html (404 words)

	Bougainville Copper Project
		I landed in Panguna 30/11/71 and found myself unwanted as I was the first mechanic on site for BCL light vehicles so I was shunted around for a week or so until I ended up working with BECHTEL until they started to be phased out.
		Ended up leading hand Panguna and Loloho.I left mid 74 joined the 'WESER CARRIER' as deck engineer and was implemental in the delivery of the first of the 210's from L.A. I am at present semi retired and a volunteer engineer on the 78 yr old steam tug 'FORCEFUL' at the QMMA.
		On the social side, I played squash at the Panguna club, occasionally ran with the HHH and often crewed with Rod and Dick for Gay on his yacht for the Kieta Sunday races.
	www.riverbendnelligen.com /bougainvillec1.html (13874 words)

	Report by the Special Rapporteur on his
		Sipuru, Panguna and surrounding areas could not take place because of mechanical problems which developed with the only operational and available helicopter, and because of unfavourable weather conditions.
		Panguna and the northern part of Nasioi, is matrilineal.
		The situation continued to deteriorate as communities around the mining area in Panguna found that they could no longer pursue their traditional ways of life owing to environmental damage to marine life, as well as to agricultural crops, in addition to the loss of tranquillity because of the noise from the continuous blasting operations.
	www.unhchr.ch /Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/0312d13126a591208025668d00592637?Opendocument (8011 words)

	Porter GeoConsultancy - Ore Deposit Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Panguna porphyry copper-gold deposit is located on Bougainville Island in eastern Papua New Guinea.
		The Panguna ore deposit is related to an intermediate complex intruding the late Eocene to early Pliocene Kieta Volcanics.
		Panguna Andesite - of the Kieta Volcanics which is the main extrusive in the mine.
	www.portergeo.com.au /database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn441 (875 words)

	MRF > Development > Indigenous People > Bougainville Island
		Following the signing of the Bougainville Peace Accord in January 2001, negotiations between the parties have been focussing on the details and implementation of its articles.
		It has already been agreed upon that all government functions should be transferred to Bougainville, except for defence, foreign affairs, international shipping and aviation, and the supreme court, furthermore the Panguna copper mine, that sparked the violent conflict in Bougainville will not be reopened.
		Francis was the leader of the original Bougainville rebellion and a member of the landowning clan that rose up against the Panguna copper mine in 1988.
	www.natural-resources.org /minerals/development/indigp/Bougainville.htm (1474 words)

	Country Profile Papua New Guinea - EIU Online Store
		From late 1988 onwards dissident landowners, who were demanding a greater share of the earnings of the giant Panguna copper mine in the centre of the island, carried out attacks on staff, and the mine was forced to close in May 1989.
		The premature closure of the Panguna mine in 1989 led to a contraction in the economy of 4.5%.
		During 1991-94 the economy expanded by over 40% owing to the development of the Kutubu oilfield, two new gold mines, an investment invasion by Malaysian loggers retrenched by their own government, and a new government unable to resist the fiscal temptations of the export boom.
	store.eiu.com /index.asp?layout=show_sample&product_id=30000203&country_id=PG (12667 words)

	Viewpoint
		Mr Tanis told the Post-Courier from Arawa on Friday people in the Panguna area want peace and are now calling on the Bougainville administration to empower their council of chiefs to effectively carry out their peace-process duties.
		“Panguna is now into Stage Two of the weapons disposal program while the rest of Bougainville has entered into Stage Three, a good sign of the area joining the peace process and the Government can now deliver services in the area,” Mr Tanis said.
		“Panguna is moving slowly with its peace activities.our brothers and sisters from other districts should continue and go ahead with Stage Three and not wait for us because we will get there.
	www.postcourier.com.pg /20040105/news01.htm (417 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mr Coleman said access to the mine site at Panguna to enable a detailed review of the company's assets has not been possible.
		On this basis, the net carrying value of fixed assets at balance date was K200.1 million and cash balance were K63 million, he said.
		"It is recognised that any return to production at Panguna will require an agreement between the company and shareholders on the terms under which mining can be carried out," he said.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/98pac/Bougainville_News_-_30-1-98 (329 words)

	Mining company plays down prompt return to Panguna
		The company that abandoned the giant Panguna mine at the centre of Bougainville's long and bloody civil war can't see it reopening anytime soon despite the death of rebel leader Francis Ona.
		Ona, 52, died in his sleep at his jungle hideout near Panguna on Sunday after a short illness.
		But Kabui has said any return to mining would follow a plebescite and rather than reopen Panguna, other options could be pursued such as helping landowners collect gold on the mine's tailings.
	www.industrysearch.com.au /news/viewrecord.asp?ID=17513 (577 words)

	PNG to review Panguna mine re-opening - Breaking News - World - Breaking News
		Papua New Guinea is setting up a review into whether the giant Panguna copper mine can be reopened after it was shut down by secessionist rebels on Bougainville 17 years ago.
		PNG's Prime Minister Michael Somare said recently a reopened Panguna - which in its heyday was one of the world's largest mining operations but is now derelict - would give Bougainville's new autonomous government sorely needed revenue.
		Rio Tinto has large Australian mining interests and a 54 per cent share of Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL), the former operator of the Panguna mine and the holder of seven exploration licences on the island.
	www.theage.com.au /news/World/PNG-to-review-Panguna-mine-reopening/2006/03/29/1143441207253.html (511 words)

	Bougainville - Past and Present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Panguna Mine is in the highlands off the central east coast near Arawa.
		The open-cut Panguna mine is on land belonging to the Nasioi people.
		Mining The CRA mine at Panguna has devastated a large area in Central Bougainville robbing the traditional landowers of their agricultural and spiritual use of their land and causing widescale environmental damage throughout the region.
	www.coli.uni-sb.de /~pietsch/stop-war/PineSGI4101000427165911012512-100000.html (2112 words)

	PNG: behind the Sandline mercenary affair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		But the terms of the contract explicitly stated that Sandline was to "conduct offensive operations in Bougainville" in order to "render the BRA [Bougainville Revolutionary Army] military ineffective and repossess the Panguna mine".
		The key target was the huge Panguna copper mine, operated by the Australian-British mining giant RTZ-CRA.
		He was clearly in a position to organise a deal involving the PNG government, Sandline, Jardine Fleming, Canadian finance houses and possibly RTZ-CRA to reopen the Panguna mine.
	www.wsws.org /news/1997/apr1997/png-a28.shtml (1464 words)

	MM JUNE 1997
		Panguna was a heavily polluting project, operated by the world's biggest mining company RTZ (through its Australian subsidiary, CRA), which had been a major source of local discontent and nationalist sentiment since construction started nearly 30 years ago.
		The cost of re-opening the Panguna mine was recently estimated by BCL at around $450 million.
		Any serious offer to buy BCL's shares at par value would acquit the company, not only of carried debt and interest repayments, but also of the enormous problems and expense of working from scratch in an area from which it was chased at gunpoint by a revolutionary force of local landowners.
	www.multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/mm0697.09.html (2553 words)

	Rio poised for return to abandoned PNG mine - Business - Business
		THE first clear signs that the abandoned Panguna copper-gold mine on Bougainville Island may reopen and that exploration of the island's highly prospective terrain could resume have emerged, sending shares in the Rio Tinto-controlled Bougainville Copper (BOC) sharply higher.
		In February, BOC told the stock exchange that there continued to be "considerable uncertainty surrounding the future of the Panguna mine".
		Before its closure, Panguna's annual production was about 180,000 tonnes of copper (in concentrates) and more than 400,000 ounces of gold, making it one of the world's biggest single producers of both metals.
	www.theage.com.au /news/business/rio-poised-for-return-to-abandoned-png-mine/2006/03/14/1142098463833.html (694 words)

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