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	Panj River -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Panj River is formed between the Hindu Kush and the Pamir Mountains by the junction of the Vakhan River and the Pamir River along the border between eastern Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
		The climate of the Panj River valley is arid, …
		It is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj (Pyandzh) rivers and flows west-northwest to its mouth on the southern shore of the Aral Sea.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9062006 (807 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Afghanistan
		Most rivers in the country become only trickles during the long dry season and have large flows of water only in the spring, when the winter snow in the mountains melts rapidly.
		The Harīrūd River rises in central Afghanistan and flows to the west and northwest to form part of the border with Iran.
		This river is used extensively for irrigation, although a buildup of mineral salts has decreased its usefulness in watering crops.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761569370___3/Afghanistan.html (1495 words)

	Amu Darya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Classical Antiquity, the river was known as the Oxus in Greek.
		It is then split into many waterways that used to form the river delta joining the Aral Sea, passing Urgench, Dashoguz and other cities, but it does not reach what is left of the sea anymore and is lost in the desert.
		Historical records state that in different periods the river flowed into the Aral Sea (from the south), the Caspian Sea (from the east) or both, similar to the Jaxartes river.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxus (234 words)

	badakshan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Then, however, the Darwaz extension northwards was exchanged for the Russian Pamir extension westwards, and the river throughout became the boundary between Russian and Afghan territory; the political boundaries of those provinces and those of Wakhan were no longer coincident with their geographical limits.
		In 1895 the Panj River was defined as part of the border between Afghan and Russian Badakhshan.
		The Kokcha river traverses Badakhshan from southeast to northwest, and, with the Kunduz, drains all the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush west of the Dorah pass.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Badakshan.html (913 words)

	FISH AND FISHERIES AT HIGHER ALTITUDES: ASIA - TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 385 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The source of surface water in all rivers is precipitation, and consequent snow melt, over the central mountain ranges extending from the Pamir mountain knot at the western termination of the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush and its outliers, and the ranges of Hazarajat (Fig.
		Rivers along the northeast border with Pakistan are affected by the monsoon and have maximum flows twice a year: July to September and January to April.
		Amu Darya to the Panj; Surkhan; Kafirnigan; Qonduz; Khanabad;
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X2614E/x2614e08.htm (2113 words)

	IL&S: Dialects of Tajikestan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		- Rushani: spoken by inhabitants of the Panj River area south of the Shoqni region, and the Khuf Valley.
		Spoken along the bend of the Panj River where it turns northward.
		Yaqnabi (or Yaqnobi) dialect belongs to the inhabitants of the Yaqnab River Valley, and several villages situated in the Varzab River Valley north of Dushanbe, Tajikestan.
	www.iranianlanguages.com /newiranian/dialects_tajikestan.htm (487 words)

	Tajikistan - Topography and Drainage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rivers bring rich soil deposits into the Fergana Valley from the surrounding mountains, creating a series of fertile oases that have long been prized for agriculture (see Agriculture, this ch.).
		In Tajikistan's dense river network, the largest rivers are the Syrdariya and the Amu Darya; the largest tributaries are the Vakhsh and the Kofarnihon, which form valleys from northeast to southwest across western Tajikistan.
		Tajikistan's rivers reach high-water levels twice a year: in the spring, fed by the rainy season and melting mountain snow, and in the summer, fed by melting glaciers.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-13618.html (600 words)

	Encyclopedia: Badakhshan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On the west, Badakhshan was bounded by a line which crosses the Turkestan plains southwards from the junction of the Kundus and Oxus rivers till it touches the eastern water-divide of the Tashkurghan River, and then runs southeast, crossing Kunduz, until it strikes the Hindu Kush.
		The southern boundary was carried along the crest of the Hindu Kush as far as the Khawak pass, leading from Badakhshan into the Panjshir valley.
		The Amu Darya (in Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian) rises in the Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river delta.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Badakhshan (1602 words)

	The Languages of Tajikistan in Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Irrigated by the Panj, Vakhsh, and the Kafarnihan, the lowlands are the heart of southern Tajikistan's present-day urban culture as well as the fulcrum of its government, industry, and commerce.
		The adverse effect of the division for the Tajiks to the north of the Panj River is documented in the annals of the seventy years of Soviet domination.
		Yaghnobi, which was spoken by some 6,000 speakers in the high valley of the Yaghnob river on the upper reaches of the Zarafshan (northeast region of the Kuhistan), is a remnant of Sughdian, the language of the ancient kingdom of Samarqand.
	www.angelfire.com /rnb/bashiri/Tajling/Tajling.html (3928 words)

	The River Divides: About
		The River Divides is the compelling story of a family divided by politics and geography.
		The last of these was Badakshan in the Pamir Mountains: a land of towering peaks and impossible passes, which was divided in 1907, the two empires settling on the Panj River as a natural line of demarcation.
		The River Divides is the story of one man’s quest to find the other half of his family, separated for decades by politics and geography.
	www.oxusap.com /River/aboutvideo.html (308 words)

	Exhibition & excursion
		Its length is 2540 km from the Panj riverhead, and its basin area is 309 000km².
		Amu Darya river is formed after junction of Panj and Vakhsh rivers.
		Than the river runs alongside with the Afghanistan and Uzbekistan borders, crosses Turkmenistan and again flows thorough the territory of Uzbekistan into the Aral Sea.
	www.transwaterconference2005.org /english/side_amu_eng.htm (316 words)

	RTWleg84
		It runs northeast to southwest and divides the valley of the Amu Darya (the ancient Oxus River) to the north from the Indus River valley to the south.
		The Panj River is formed between the Hindu Kush and the Pamir Mountains by the junction of the Vakhan River (Afghanistan) and the Pamir River (Afghan-Tajik border) just southeast of Karl Marx Peak.
		The main town in the region is Khorog (pop 22,000), the capital of the autonomous region of Gorno-Badahkshan.
	www.dmcity.com /slarty/narr/84.htm (2230 words)

	Articles - Panj River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Panj River also called the Pyandzh River is a tributary of the Amu Darya, in Afghanistan.
		The river is 1,125 km long and is a part of the Afghanistan - Tajikistan border.The river starts on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan in the ancient region of Badakhshan.
		Panj has been playing a very important role during Soviet Times and has been a strategic river for the Soviet military operations in Afghanistan in 1980's.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Panj?mySession=f4bac6745df10798c8f27995ce68dc72 (181 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » UN/IDNDR Interagency Risk Assessment Mission to Lake Sarez
		The erosion of the canyon from the water leakage at the downstream side of the dam at present is restricted to fine-grained flood plain sediments deposited by a seasonal tributary river from the north.
		The road along the Bartang valley represents an important artery to the villages along the river and would be the principle means of access to the people in the valley and for the installation of an early warning system.
		The topography of the valley of the Murgab River between Murgab and Lake Sarez is at present uncertain and a careful investigation of this alternative is highly recommended.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/3a81e21068ec1871c1256633003c1c6f/6e2fbf7cd30dc950c12567c80047972b?OpenDocument (7028 words)

	Upper Tokharistan - history
		Wakhan occupied the valley of Wakhan-darja and the both banks of the river Panj from the confluence of the rivers Wakhan-darja and Pamir down to Ishkashim in the west.
		Shugnan was in the valley of the river Gunt and its left tributary Shakhadara.
		Rushan was in the valley of the river Bartang
	www.kroraina.com /ca/h_utokharistan.html (561 words)

	Ismailis in Russia
		In Russia, or U.S.S.R., Ismaili villages are only found in the valley of the river Panj which, after its confluence with Wakhsh, or Wakhshab, forms the mighty Oxus or Amu-Darya river of Central Asia.
		A solitary military post, Khorog, on the Panj River, was guarding the peace of the country, especially against exploits of the Qirghiz nomads.
		Still some forty years ago the only "highway" was there the river Panj, a rapid and abundant stream of crystal clean and cold glacier water.
	ismaili.net /readknow/ismailis_russia.html (982 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ex-K.G.B. colonel and I are bumping along on the ancient Silk Road in Tajikistan, heading southeast from the capital city of Dushanbe toward the Panj River, which separates Tajikistan from Afghanistan.
		In the villages on both sides of the river, virtually the entire population is engaged in smuggling the only cash crop that Afghanistan grows, the opium poppy.
		Even in the middle of winter, villagers on the Afghan side of the Panj jump barefoot into the icy water to float kilos of heroin across the river inside animal skins tacked on old inner tubes or rubber rafts.
	www.dailynews.lk /2003/01/02/fea01.html (2559 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The word Punjab consists of the two words "Panj" and "Aab" where Panj means five and Aab means water.
		The historical area of Punjab was defined to the east from the basin of the river Bias to the boundary of the river Indus to the west.
		With the partition in 1947 the borders of the region shrank to its current size, with its division into the Pakistani province of Punjab and the Indian state of Punjab.
	www.sikhamerican.org /punjabi/PunjabiHistoricalOverview.htm (197 words)

	Tajikistan - GEOGRAPHY
		The two principal ranges, the Pamir and the Alay, give rise to many glacier-fed streams and rivers, which have been used to irrigate farmlands since ancient times.
		Of that quantity, nearly 75 percent came from the Amu Darya and the Syrdariya, the chief tributaries of the Aral Sea on the Kazakstan-Uzbekistan border to the northwest of Tajikistan.
		By the end of the Soviet era, the central government had relinquished central control of water-use policy for Central Asia, but the republics had not agreed on an allocation policy.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/tajikistan/GEOGRAPHY.html (1579 words)

	Nations - Afghanistan - Hunger - Refugees - Worldpress.org
		Although Moscow gave the Muslim republics of Central Asia their independence a decade ago, Russian soldiers stationed along the border river, the Panj, patrol the border on behalf of Tajikistan’s government.
		For centuries the Panj was not a dividing line for the tribes living on both its banks.
		In 1895 London and St. Petersburg agreed to establish the Panj as the southern frontier of the Russian Empire.
	www.worldpress.org /print_article.cfm?article_id=267&dont=yes (1046 words)

	Section 13 â“ The Kingdom of the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 (the Kushans) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Thousands had come to licentious rites in the precinct of the âHigh girdled one clad in a mantle of gold, on her head a golden crown with rays of light and a hundred stars clad in a robe of over thirty otter skins of shining furââ¦.
		Lapis lazuli from Badhakshan was being traded to Mesopotamia, and Egypt as early as the second half of the fourth millennium BCE and to the Indus River cultures by the third millennium.
		Here the eastern fork of the latter river has its rise, while on the Ish-kashm slope, the drainage falls at once into the Oxus ; which can be seen from the crest of the pass, but was hidden from our eyes by the snowy mantle which covered the landscape.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/notes13.html (9546 words)

	[No title]
		It causes the pollution of downstream of Shuangtaizi river and off-shore sea water body of Bohai sea and deteriorates the urban environment of Panjin city.
		Before entering Bohai Sea, the Shuangtaizi River goes through the Panjin and divides it into two districts, Xinglongtai district in south and Shuangtaizi district in north.
		Panj in is approved by the State Council as one of the open cities in the Liaodong peninsular.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/02/27/000094946_02021304251542/Rendered/INDEX/multi0page.txt (7457 words)

	Khorog
		To ensure security for the inhabitants and to create incentive for them to stay in their homeland an adequate number of troops was dispatched to the region; and to stem the tide of British involvement in Badakhshani and Central Asian affairs, permanent security check points were established.
		In 1895, the Panj was accepted as the dividing line between Britain and Imperial Russia, the super powers of the time.
		The land to the north (or right) of the Panj River was entrusted to the Amir of Bukhara (Abdulahad), a vassal of Russia.
	www.angelfire.com /rnb/bashiri/Khorog/Khorog.html (1109 words)

	Khatlon - Kate's Quickview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Khatlon is the largest and most populous region (oblast) in Tajikistan situated in the southwest of the country.
		It is located between the Hissar range in the north and the Panj River in the south and borders on Afghanistan in the southeast and on Uzbekistan in the west.
		Khatlon is informally divided into the Qurghonteppa region (Western Khatlon) — with its Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys — and the Kulob region (Eastern Khatlon).
	kohl.wikimedia.org /~kate/cgi-bin/quickview.cgi?title=Khatlon (414 words)

	Energy Overview of Tajikistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Its major tributaries within Tajikistan include the Panj River along the southern border of Tajikistan with Afghanistan, the Gunt and Bartango rivers in the eastern part of the country, and the Kafirnigan and Vakhsh rivers in central and western Tajikistan.
		Other river systems in Tajikistan are the Zerovshan, which flows westward into Uzbekistan before eventually merging with the Amudarya, and the Syrdarya, which flows westward through the northern panhandle section of Tajikistan into Uzbekistan and then into Kazakhstan before eventually emptying into the Aral Sea.
		A similar sized facility is planned for Kaphtarguzar, on the Obikhingou River in the Garm Valley, while a truly mammoth hydroelectric facility of about 4,000 MWe capacity is being planned for Dashtijum, on the Panj River along the Afghan border.
	www.fossil.energy.gov /international/Russia_and_Central_Asia/tajkover.html (2313 words)

	Panj River -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The climate of the Panj River valley is arid, averaging less than 8 inches (200 mm) of precipitation per year.
		Melting glaciers and snow fields feed the Panj River, which crests in late spring.
		The river flows southwest, then north, and finally southwest again, joining the Vakhsh River to form the Amu Darya.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9062006 (905 words)

	Chapter PUNJAUB <i>to</i> PUNKAH of P by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		Panj-ab, ‘Five Rivers.’ These rivers, as reckoned, sometimes include the Indus, in which case the five are (1) Indus, (2) Jelam (see JELUM) or Behat, the ancient Vitasta which the Greeks made ‘ [Greek Text]
		The name Panj-ab in older Mahommedan writers is applied to the Indus river, after receiving the rivers of the country which we call Punjaub.
		He proceeds: “When the Five Rivers whi ch we have named have past the House of Gold which is Multan, they unite at a place three days distant from that city, between it and Mansura at a place called Doshab.”—i.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/260/1283/20184/1.html (789 words)

	History of Iran: The Ethnic of Sakas (Scythians)
		Finally, the same element murg- is found in the modern name of the Murghab River, the lower course of which is called the Bartang.
		It cannot be disputed that Vandabanda lay somewhere in the region of the upper course of one of the tributaries of the Oxus, which in this instance means the Panj.
		The Xiuxun/Komedes, who had settled far up the Panj River, might have come as far south as Shughnan and Ishkashim and penetrated into the domains of the Great Yuezhi.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/ethnic_of_sakas.php (5020 words)

	Panj on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Samira Makhmalbaf Deuxième film en compétition: "Panj E Asr" ("A cinq heures de l'après midi") de l'Iranienne Samira Makhm.
		Panj E Asr Photocall At Cannes Film Festival
		Scène tournée lors du film "A cinq heures de l'après-midi" de Samira Makhmalbaf "A cinq heures de l'après-midi" (Panj E As.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-P1anj.asp (438 words)

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