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Topic: Panjabi language

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	Ethnologue report for language code:pnb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There is a continuum of varieties between Eastern and Western Panjabi, and with Western Hindi and Urdu.
		'Lahnda' is a name given earlier for Western Panjabi; an attempt to cover the dialect continuum between Hindko, Pahari-Potwari, and Western Panjabi in the north and Sindhi in the south.
		The Balmiki (Valmiki) sweeper caste in Attock District speak a dialect of Panjabi.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=pnb (132 words)

	Indo-Aryan languages
		The earliest form of Sanskrit recorded is Vedic Sanskrit: the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, notably the Rigveda.
		However, although this preserved the integrity of written language for a long time, the spoken language continues to evolve, and by the sixth century, Sanskrit as a spoken language was rare, being by and large replaced by its descendants, the Prakrits.
		Apabhransha was the next modification in the spoken language, in a period broadly lasting from the fifth to the tenth century.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/i/in/indo_aryan_languages.html (470 words)

	Bengali. Who is Bengali? What is Bengali? Where is Bengali? Definition of Bengali. Meaning of Bengali.
		Bangla(বাঙলা) or Bengali is the language spoken by the populations in the Indian state of West Bengal and the neighboring country of Bangladesh.
		During the period 1947-1971, when Eastern Bengal (present-day Bangladesh) was part of Pakistan, the Bengali language became the focus and foundation of the national identity of the people of East Bengal, leading ultimately to the creation of the sovereign state of Bangladesh.
		The spelling system is based on an older version on the language without some vowel merges that have taken place in the spoken language, thus it cannot be described as a phonemic orthography.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Bengali (451 words)

	Western Panjabi language
		Western Panjabi is a member of the Lahnda languages, which is a member of the Northwestern zone of Indo-Aryan languages.
		The Indo-Aryan languages are a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Western Panjabi is written using a Perso-Arabic script, although according to the Ethnlogue, it is not often written in Pakistan.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/we/western_panjabi_language.html (183 words)

	panjabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the native language of the Punjab.
		Punjabi is a language of the Indian Subcontinent spoken by the Sikhs and Hindus of Punjab in India who write it in the Gurumukhi (language of the Gurus) script and Muslims in Pakistan who write it in the Arabic script.
		However, it is not an official language of Pakistan, and is not officially used in education; Urdu, and English are Pakistan's official languages.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Panjabi.html (487 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Punjabi language
		Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana and Delhi.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including Afghanistan, as well as many nations where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, the United States and especially Canada where its the 6th largest language with 271 220 people using it on a daily basis.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Panjabi_language (744 words)

	Punjabi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Also, as an adjective, the word Punjabi qualifies anything or anyone that is related to either Punjab or the Punjabi language, such as the speakers of Punjabi, inhabitants of the Punjab or the Punjabi cuisine of the region.
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, the United States and especially Canada, where it is the fifth most commonly used language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjabi_language (507 words)

	Wikipedia:WikiProject Languages - InformationBlast
		Many languages already have extensive pages, and the systematic information on those pages is not presented in a consistent way.
		The easiest way to get starting writing for a language that doesn't already have an article or to convert an article to the WikiProject format is to start with the template.
		If all language articles are either on a page called "XXX language", or have a redirect from "XXX language", then editors don't have to look up every time if the language they are referring to is one of the few languages that haven't yet been disambiguated to a "XXX language" page.
	www.informationblast.com /Wikipedia:WikiProject_Languages.html (454 words)

	Punjabi language : Panjabi
		Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the native language of the Punjab and the most common first-language in Pakistan, spoken as a first language by 30 to 40 million people.
		However, it isn't an official language of Pakistan, and isn't officially used in education; Urdu, Sindhi[?] and English are Pakistan's official languages.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority first language in several other countries, including India (where it is one of the official languages) and Afghanistan.
	www.fastload.org /pa/Panjabi.html (411 words)

	Language School Explorer - Information about Hindustani_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and the official language of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as an officially recognized regional language in India.
		The term became transferred to the court language of the Mughal aristocracy, whose dialect was based on the upper-class dialect of Delhi.
		Standard Hindi, the official language of India, is based on the Khariboli dialect of the Delhi region and differs from Urdu in that it is usually written in the indigenous Devanagari script of India.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Hindustani_language (873 words)

	Lahnda language -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Punjabi is one of the 14 regional languages recognized in the Indian constitution.
		northwestern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, and in the neighbouring Rann of Kutch and Kathiawar Peninsula in India.
		The sacred language of Islam was Arabic, and the proportion of Arabic words used in Persian rapidly increased until it reached something like the 40 to 50 percent of the present day.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9046849 (798 words)

	THE EMILLE PROJECT: Panjabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Panjabi (also spelt Punjabi) is spoken in the Punjab, the region now divided between India and Pakistan.
		It is the official language of the Punjab state and is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Harayana and Himachal Pradesh.
		The Panjabi language came to the UK with the arrival of South Asian immigrants.
	www.emille.lancs.ac.uk /panjabi.htm (203 words)

	Language Resources - P, Q, R
		Panjabi (Punjabi) language is the official state language of Panjab (India).
		Panjabi is closely related to Hindi and Urdu (differences in the sound-system, grammar and vocabulary).
		Panjabi has been particularly cultivated by the Sikhs; it is their religious language, always written with the Gurmukhi alphabet.
	www.langcen.cam.ac.uk /resources/lang-pr/lang_pr.php?c=1 (153 words)

	Indo Aryan languages Article, IndoAryanlanguages Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The earliest form of Sanskrit recorded is Vedic Sanskrit:the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, notably the Rigveda.
		However, although this preserved the integrity of written language for a long time,the spoken language continues to evolve, and by the sixth century, Sanskritas a spoken language was rare, being by and large replaced by its descendants, the Prakrits.
		Increasing numbers of literary texts begin to appear in Apabhransha languages, and the Sravakachar of Devasena(dated to the 930s) is now considered to be the first Hindi book.
	www.anoca.org /language/hindi/indo_aryan_languages.html (473 words)

	Language in India
		Wilson wishes to substitute a language which is still in a comparatively rudimentary state and is spoken little by the educated classes for one which ahs reached a high stage of development, and is far better suited for expressing the technicalities of legal phraseology and abstract or complex ideas in general.
		When once an official language for records has been fixed on and in use for a long period, it is surely a doubtful policy to throw everything into confusion by the arbitrary substitution of a new language and character unless you can show overwhelming reasons for the adoption of the latter.
		They felt that the Indian languages were not really adequate enough to carry this load, but they recognized that it was in the British interest to establish a connection between them and their subjects through the use of Indian languages.
	www.languageinindia.com /oct2001/punjab1.html (18943 words)

	Panjabi Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Panjabi is the most commonly spoken language in Punjab and is the
		Among the modern Indo-Aryan languages of the Indic branch Panjabi is
		The main Panjabi dialect is known as Majhi and is spoken in the Majha region (This region
	www.mahapunjab.org /panjabi (952 words)

	Punjabi language -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		The languages of the region are generally classified as belonging to the following families: Indo-European (the Indo-Iranian branch in particular), Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic (Munda in particular), and Sino-Tibetan.
		Fourteen languages are mentioned in the constitution of India: Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Oriya, Marathi,...
		language spoken in the Vale of Kashmir and the surrounding hills.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9376152 (792 words)

	PUNJABI LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana, Himachal_Pradesh and Delhi.
		In Pakistan, it is known as their province language and in educational system they also offer masters in Punjabi.
		In Pakistan, Urdu is national language and rest of the languages depends on the province one lives in.
	www.marlinmall.com /Punjabi_language (540 words)

	Panjabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Also, as an adjective, the word Punjabi qualifies anythingor anyone that is related to either Punjab or the Punjabi language, such as the speakers of Punjabi, inhabitants of Punjab or the Punjabi cuisine of the region.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including Afghanistan, as well as many nations where Punjabis haveemigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, Canada, and the United States.
		As such, Punjabi language and culture tend to be uniting factors in spite of national and religiousaffiliations.
	www.therfcc.org /panjabi-149544.html (493 words)

	Untitled Document
		This civilization was on its peak, between 2600 B C and 1900 B C. Panjabi language had a base, from Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts (Especially between 1500 BC and 600 B C and then during reign of King Ashoka about 400 B C when Brahmi script was in use).
		For centuries, the official language in India, was Persian during the reign of the Muslim rulers.
		PANJABIES (said to be more than 130 million through out the world), this hard working section of the community have migrated to most parts of the world and have established well.
	www.apnaorg.com /articles/boli (1242 words)

	ISV: Information by Language
		It is used by the Sikh community for writing the Panjabi language in the Indian state of Panjab.
		In the Pakistani region of Panjab, the same language is written in Arabic script.
		Although Panjabi is a tonal language, there are no explicit symbols dedicated to the indication of tone.
	www.monotypeimaging.com /isv/wt_info.asp?lan=gurmukhi (370 words)

	Alibris: Panjabi
		Panjabi, one of India's noted gourmets and food experts, collects the secrets of her country's most admired chefs and inventive home cooks.
		In this stunningly illustrated book, Camellia Panjabi takes the reader on a journey through the sights, smells and tastes of the centrepiece of the Indian meal, the curry.
		These cassettes are recorded by native Panjabi speakers and can be used on their own or to accompany the book, helping you with pronunciation and listening skills.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Panjabi (740 words)

	Pakistanis - www.catalogofcasinos.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Urdu is the national language and lingua franca, although it is spoken as a first language by only 8% of the population.
		English is the official language, being widely used within the government, by the civil service and the officer ranks of the military.
		Spoken as a first language by 15% of Pakistanis, mostly in the North-West Frontier Province and in Baluchistan as well as by immigrants to the eastern provinces who are often not counted due to census irregularities.
	www.catalogofcasinos.com /Pakistanis.html (1289 words)

	The recent Concerns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The language which was not accepted by staunch Hindues as their mother tongue is still treated as a dialect by local people and in their imagination as the language of Panjab.
		I still consider that Panjabi is much better in sounds as compared to English which is a mess and we need not follow it as a standard for phonetics.
		Panjabi University should carry along itself Guru Nanak University as far as Panjabi language is concerned.
	www.punjabheritage.com /recent_concerns.html (892 words)

	Punjabi - The Encyclopedia
		In Pakistan, it is a provincial language but in formal contexts, such as government, newspapers, and education, as well as in most writing, Pakistani Punjabi speakers tend to use Urdu and English, which are the nation's official tongues.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including Afghanistan, as well as many nations where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, the United States and especially Canada, where it is the fifth most commonly used language.
		However, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts are the most commonly used for writing Punjabi and are considered the official scripts of the language.
	www.the-encyclopedia.com /description/Punjabi (621 words)

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