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Topic: Panthay Rebellion

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	Panthay at AllExperts
		The dominant group in the villages were the Panthay, chiefly Hui migrants from Dali, Baoshan, Shanning, Menghua and elsewhere in southern and western Yunnan.
		Yet official estimates put the Panthay population of Burma at 2,202 for 1911 (1,427 males and 775 females), whilst by the 1921 Census of India this had declined to 1,517 (1,076 males and 441 females), and by 1931 to 1,106 (685 males and 421 females).
		The traditional dominance of Panthay in the trade of the Burma-Yunnan frontier region was also set back by the construction of the Burma Road between Lashio and Kunming in 1937-38, and by the exodus of thousands of Yunnanese refugees and Kuomintang troops following the seizure of power by the Chinese Communists in 1949.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pa/panthay.htm (1835 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Panthay Rebellion
		The Panthay Rebellion (known in Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Qiyi 杜文秀起义, 1856 - 1873) was a separatist movement of the Hui people and Chinese Muslims, against the imperial Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, China, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.
		The leader of the rebellion was Du Wenxiu (杜文秀; pinyin: Dù Wénxiù) (1823 - 1872), an ethnic Hui born in Yongcheng.
		Later, as imperial troops began to gain the upperhand versus the rebellion, the rebellion sent a letter to Queen Victoria, asking the British Empire for formal recognition and for military assistance; the fledgling state was turned down by the British.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Panthay_Rebellion (477 words)

	Panthay Rebellion - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		The Panthay Rebellion (1856 - 1873) was a rebellion by the Huis, Chinese Muslims, against the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan Province, China.
		The rebellion successfully captured the city of Dali and declared themselves a separate political entity from China; Dali became the base for the rebel's operations.
		At its peak, the rebellion sieged the city of Kunming in 1863.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Panthay_Rebellion (335 words)

	Panthay Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Panthay Rebellion (1856 - 1873) was a Rebellion by the Huis, Chinese Muslims, against the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan Province, China.
		The Rebellion successfully captured the city of Dali and declared themselves a separate political entity from China; Dali became the base for the rebels' operations.
		The Rebellion sieged the city of Kunming multiple times (in 1857, 1861, 1863 and 1868), briefly taking the city in 1863.
	panthay-rebellion.iqnaut.net (321 words)

	Panthay Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Panthay Rebellion (known in Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Qiyi 杜文秀起义, 1856 - 1873) was a separatist movement of the Hui people and Chinese Muslims, against the imperial Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, China, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.
		Later, as imperial troops began to gain the upperhand versus the rebellion, the rebellion sent a letter to Queen Victoria, asking the British Empire for formal recognition and for military assistance; the fledgling state was turned down by the British.
		The rebellion was eventually suppressed when Qing troops killed and decapitated the 'sultan'.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panthay_Rebellion (456 words)

	Panthay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dominant group in the villages were the Panthay, chiefly Hui migrants from Dali, Baoshan, Shanning, Menghua and elsewhere in southern and western Yunnan.
		Yet official estimates put the Panthay population of Burma at 2,202 for 1911 (1,427 males and 775 females), whilst by the 1921 Census of India this had declined to 1,517 (1,076 males and 441 females), and by 1931 to 1,106 (685 males and 421 females).
		The traditional dominance of Panthay in the trade of the Burma-Yunnan frontier region was also set back by the construction of the Burma Road between Lashio and Kunming in 1937-38, and by the exodus of thousands of Yunnanese refugees and Kuomintang troops following the seizure of power by the Chinese Communists in 1949.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panthay (2153 words)

	Schulers Books (China - 68/83)
		While the events which have been set forth were happening in the heart of China, other misfortunes had befallen the executive in the more remote quarters of the realm, but resulting none the less in the loss and ruin of provinces, and in the subversion of the emperor's authority.
		The Panthays and the Tungani were either indigenous tribes or foreign immigrants who had adopted or imported the tenets of Islam.
		The Panthay rising calls for description in the first place, because it began at an earlier period than the other, and also because the details have been preserved with greater fidelity.
	www.schulers.com /books/de/c/China/China68.htm (2279 words)

	Panthay Rebellion - Mw
		Also know as the 'Panthay Rebellion' - 1856 CE (1272 AH) - 1873 CE (1289 AH)
		The Yunna War resulted in the death of over 50% of the population.
		The Chinese Sultanate - Islam, Ethnicity and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China
	muslimwikipedia.com /mw/index.php?title=Yunnan_War&printable=yes (809 words)

	Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873.(Brief Article)(Book ...
		The Chinese sultanate; Islam, ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in southwest China, 1856-1873.
		Traditional accounts of the rebellion have emphasized the political threat posed by the Muslims of Yunnan, but Atwill (Chinese history and religion, Pennsylvania State U.) includes as well the views at the Chinese imperial court, the context of the insurrection on the multi-ethnic borderland, and ties the Yunnanese Muslims had with Southeast Asia and Tibet.
		He also describes the government support of massacres of the Hui by Han Chinese and the 17-year rule of the Dali Sultanate.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-141643937.html (157 words)

	BURMA DIGEST
		The Panthays were given their own place of residence within the confines of the royal capital, at the present-day Panthay Compound (Chinese Muslim Quarter).
		The Panthay Mosque is still standing proudly as the second oldest mosque, in Mandalay and a standing witness to the long-lasting friendship and goodwill between the Burmese and the Panthays.
		The establishment of the Panthay Mosque in 1868 marked the emergence of the Chinese Muslims as a distinct community at Mandalay.
	www.tayzathuria.org.uk /bd/2006/4/16/bad.htm (8404 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Politics :: Rebellion and Revolution :: Domestic Uprisings
		In the early 1850s, the Chinese living in the Yellow River (Huang Ho) valley suffered famine because of repeated flooding of the river; many of them joined outlaw bands, called nien, which had been plundering the provinces of Anhwei, Honan, and Shantung during the first half of the century.
		While the Manchu (Ch'ing, Quing) government was preoccupied with the Taiping Rebellion in the south, the Nien bands formed armies, notably under the leadership of Chang Lohsing (d.
		In Yunnan, the Muslim Panthays unsuccessfully rose against the Manchus.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/03pol/c03s12.html (667 words)

	Table of contents for The Chinese sultanate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Table of contents for The Chinese sultanate : Islam, ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in southwest China, 1856-1873 / David G. Atwill.
		Rebellion's Roots: Hanjian-ism, Han Newcomers, and Non-Han Violence 000 Chapter 5.
		All the Fish in the Pond: The Kunming Massacre and the Panthay Rebellion 000 Chapter 7.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0511/2005012304.html (216 words)

	18. Taoukwang And His Successor Page 1
		But none of these troubles assumed the extreme form of danger in open rebellion, and there was still wanting the man to weld all these hostile and dangerous elements into a national party of insurgents against Manchu authority, and so it remained until Taoukwang had given up his throne to his successor.
		In Yunnan there occurred, about the year 1846, the first simmerings of disaffection among the Mohammedans, which many years later developed into the Panthay Rebellion, but on that occasion the vigor of the viceroy nipped the danger in the bud.
		In Central Asia there was a revival of activity on the part of the Khoja exiles, who fancied that the discomfiture of the Chinese by the English and the internal disorders, of which rumor had no doubt carried an exaggerated account into Turkestan, would entail a very much diminished authority in Kashgar.
	www.web-books.com /classics/Nonfiction/History/China/ChinaC19P1.htm (847 words)

	21. The Regency Page 11
		It was this fact which marked the essential difference between the Tungan rebellion and all the disturbances that had preceded it.
		The Mohammedan outbreaks in southwestern and northwestern China resulted, therefore, in the gradual suppression of the Panthay rebellion, which was completed in the twelfth year of Tungche's reign, while the Tungan rising, so far as the Central Asian territories were concerned, remained unquelled for a longer period.
		Judged by the extent of territory involved, the Mohammedan rebellion might be said to be not less important than the Taeping; but the comparison on that ground alone would be really delusive, as the numerical inferiority of the Mohammedans rendered it always a question only of time for the central power to be restored.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/China/ChinaC22P11.htm (809 words)

	East Asian Civ. II - essay 1
		His role after the defeat of this rebellion was that of the suppression of the Nian rebellion (1853-68).
		Continuing rebellions during the self-strengthening years included the Muslim (Panthay) rebellion of 1853-73 in the Northwest of China and the further Muslim (Tunghan) rebellion of 1862-74.
		All these rebellions were not only a military inconvenience they also serve to demonstrate the deep social unrest within the various strands of Chinese society.
	boblindsay.tripod.com /eac2_1.html (2722 words)

	China Text: Chapter XXI - The Regency
		It was computed that 30,000 men alone perished after the fall of the old Panthay capital, and the Futai sent to Yunnanfoo twenty-four large baskets full of human ears, as well as the heads of the seventeen chiefs.
		With the capture of Talifoo the great Mohammedan rebellion in the southwest, to which the Burmese gave the name of Panthay, closed, after a desultory struggle of nearly eighteen years.
		The Mohammedan rebellion within the limits of China proper would not, therefore, have possessed more than local importance but for the fact that it encouraged a similar outbreak in the country further west, and that it resulted in the severance of the Central Asian provinces from China for a period of many years.
	www.enotes.com /china-text/72523 (12903 words)

	Dr. David G. Atwill - Penn State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He has published several articles on this topic and a monograph entitled The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwestern China, 1856-1873 was recently published by Stanford University Press (2006).
		Atwill is now beginning two new projects: an examination of Lin Zexu and late imperial conceptions of China's borderlands with an emphasis on Chinese conceptions of 'barbarians' (yi), traitors (hanjian), and internal boundaries and a study of Tibetan Muslims focusing on the themes of transregionalism, competing geographies and multiple identities within their communities.
		The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwestern China, 1856-1873, Stanford University Press, 2006.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/d/g/dga11/index.htm (372 words)

	China Text: Chapter XVIII - Taoukwang And His Successor
		For the first time since the revolt of Wou Sankwei, the Manchus were brought face to face with a danger threatening their right of conquest; yet on the eve of the Taeping Rebellion all Hienfung could think of to oppose his foes with was fine words as to his shortcomings and lavish promises of amendment.
		One of the Chinese officers had the courage to write and tell the emperor that "the outlaws were neither exterminated nor made prisoners." Notwithstanding the enormous expenditure on the war and the collection of a large body of troops the imperial forces made no real progress in crushing the rebels.
		But from the growing Taeping Rebellion, which we have now followed down to the year 1856, our attention must be directed to the more serious and important foreign question which had again reached a crisis, and which would not wait on the convenience of the Celestial emperor and his advisers.
	www.enotes.com /china-text/72520 (7226 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Taking advantage of the political instability and popular rebellions convulsing the Ming dynasty, the highly organized military forces of the Manchus swept into the Ming capital of Beijing in 1644, and there remained until the Qing dynasty was overthrown in a
		Zeng Guofan was sent out to crush the Taiping rebellion, which had gathered a lot of strength over the years.
		The development of the Chinese military system during the Qing Dynasty can be divided into two broad periods separated by the Taiping rebellion.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Qing_Dynasty.html (4630 words)

	The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873 - David G. Atwill
		Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873
		The Muslim-led Panthay Rebellion was one of five mid-nineteenth-century rebellions to threaten the Chinese imperial court.
		Traditional interpretations of the rebellion there have emphasized the political threat posed by the Muslim Yunnanese, but no prior study has sought to understand the insurrection in its broader muti-ethnic borderland context.
	www.sup.org /book.cgi?book_id=5159 (265 words)

	The Chinese Sultanate, Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873 (Select Books)
		The Chinese Sultanate, Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873 (Select Books)
		This is a newly-researched account of the Muslim-led Panthay Rebellion of 1856-73 which was one of the five mid-19th century rebellions to threaten the Beijing Imperial Court.
		The Rebellion's background in the increasingly violent conflicts between the main Muslim Hui of Yunnan and the Han Chinese, the events which led to the Kunming Massacre of 1856, and the 1857 establishment of the Sultanate of Du Wenxiu with its more inclusive policies are all described and discussed.
	www.selectbooks.com.sg /getTitle.cfm?SBNum=38030 (146 words)

	CPAmedia.com: The Crescent in North Thailand - Muslims of Chiang Mai
		The Muslim community expanded during the course of the 19th century with the arrival from Yunnan of Hui Muslim refugees from the failed "Panthay Rebellion" of Tu Wen-hsiu.
		The Japanese, inveterately anti-Chinese to the point of ignoring the basic economic realities of imperialism, attacked and destroyed the affluent Panthay community at Panglong, dispersing the settlement's Yunnanese Muslim inhabitants throughout the Shan States and beyond.
		Some displaced Panthays settled at Tachilek on Burma's frontier with northernmost Thailand; others crossed into Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces, where they built mosques at Mae Sai, Chiang Rai, Fang and other lesser towns.
	www.cpamedia.com /history/north_thailand_muslims (1816 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Muslims in China: The People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Descendants of Turkic and Mongol tribes, the Kazakhs of China still live a semi-nomadic life, driving their herds into the mountains in summer in search of pasture, and retiring to their camps in the valleys when winter comes.
		In fact, Uighur troops helped the Chinese recapture the imperial city of Ch'ang-an (today Xian) in 757 during the An Lu-shan rebellion, and after 822 were instrumental in driving the Tibetans out of the Tarim Basin - through which passed the old Silk Road.
		They lost their special status and under the Ch'ing, or Manchu, Dynasty were so oppressed that they rebelled repeatedly - most notably in the Panthay Rebellion which lasted from 1855 to 1873, but was crushed with great cruelty.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198504/muslims.in.china-the.people.htm (2620 words)

	Schulers Books (China - 70/83)
		West of Aksu the Tungan rebellion never extended south of the Tian Shan range.
		The invasion of Wali Khan further imbittered the relations between the Chinese and their subjects; and a succession of governors bore heavily on the Mohammedans.
		The young Emperor Tungche, therefore, grew up amid continual difficulties, although the successes of his principal lieutenants afforded good reason to believe that, so far as they arose from rebels, it was only a question of time before they would be finally removed.
	www.schulers.com /books/de/c/China/China70.htm (2216 words)

	Islamic Education in China
		In Yunnan, in response to the state’s perceived mistreatment and corruption, Muslims led a multi-ethnic revolt against the local government officials, establishing a semi-independent state that lasted for almost twenty years.
		In his work, David Atwill documents the events leading up to the rebellion and the degree to which Muslims made repeated appeals to the state for justice before rising up.
		In Kim’s work, he uses a wide range of sources to document the rebellion led by Ya’qub Beg in Xinjiang.
	www.irfi.org /articles/articles_551_600/islamic_education_in_china.htm (7165 words)

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