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Topic: Pantograph (rail)

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	North American Light Rail Information and News Site
		A rail or other structure laid parallel with the running rail of a track to prevent wheels from being derailed; to hold wheels in correct alignment to prevent flanges from striking the points of turnout or crossing frogs or the points of switches; or to keep derailed wheels adjacent to the running rails.
		A Restraining Rail is an active rail and is designed to be in constant contact with the inside of the wheels.
		A rail joint designed to arrest the flow of electric current from rail to rail by means of insulation, so placed as to separate the rail ends and other metal parts connecting them.
	www.lightrail.com /terminology.htm (8935 words)

	Pantograph (rail) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pantograph, according to the late rail historian Harre Demoro, was invented by the Key System shops for their commuter trains in the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Area in California.
		Pantographs are the successor technology to trolley poles, which were widely used on early streetcar systems and still are used by trolleybuses, whose freedom of movement and need for a two-wire circuit makes pantographs impractical, and by some streetcar systems, although in most cases only heritage lines which use old-fashioned vehicles.
		Pantographs with overhead wires are now the dominant form of current collection for modern electric trains, because while they are more expensive and fragile than a third-rail system, they also allow for higher voltages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pantograph_(rail) (601 words)

	Reclining and rocking office chair - Patent 4477118
		An office chair as set forth in claim 1 wherein the chair frame is formed of wood and the side legs of the metal rail have outwardly extending apertured extrusions for penetrating engagement with the wood of the chair frame, and fasteners extending through the extrusions to secure the rail to the frame.
		The configuration of the rail 47 is such that it may be pressed from sheet steel.
		Pantograph link 137 is pivoted at 139 to the upper part of bracket 133 and link 141 is pivoted at 143 to the lower part of the bracket.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4477118.html (4876 words)

	Pantograph - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		A pantograph (from Greek roots παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that they move in a fixed relationship to each other.
		The first pantograph was constructed in 1630 by Christoph Scheiner, who used the device to re-create diagrams.
		A type of pantograph was used in the early days of sound recording to duplicate phonograph cylinders in the late 19th century.
	www.medbib.com /Pantograph (455 words)

	Sewing machine and pantograph drive, bracket, boom, and hoop assembly - Patent 5228401
		The improved pantograph drive mechanism of claim 1 including a plurality of support arms, a plurality of turrets, said turrets mounted to said table top, each of said support arms pivotally, slidably affixed to one of said turrets, said support arms pivotally joined to said pantograph to stabilize said pantograph during movement thereof.
		An improved T-shaped single rail pantograph is movably affixed to the sewing machine table for controlling the motion of a plurality of embroidering hoops or cap securing frames.
		Pantograph rail 36 is joined to drive end 33 and extends longitudinally under sewing heads 35 of sewing apparatus 20 as shown in FIGS.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5228401.html (3047 words)

	Minnesota Technolog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In contrast, the cityís first light rail vehicles were one-horsepower, and clanked along the rails at six mph, leaving a trail of manure.
		Twin City Rail Transit was one of the first rail companies to install an electric rail system after the technology was introduced in the 1880s.
		Light railís daily patronage is expected to reach 24,800 by 2020, so working together with bus systems, light rail may be the answer to Twin Cities growing traffic problem.
	technolog.it.umn.edu /technolog/spring2003/rail_return.html (1657 words)

	Reparatii
		Capital repairs needed for pantograph rail cars also require an improvement in operating parameters because funding is not expected yet for new equipment.
		The pantograph rail car park consists 75% of 66-UD-316, 86-UD-316 and DS cars made in the USSR.
		The railways need more pantograph rail cars than currently available, a fact that requires both more capital repairs and new funding to the acquisition of newer equipment, with better performance.
	www.cfr.ro /JF/engleza/nr12/reparatii.htm (877 words)

	Chassis Program - Hot Rods & Horsepower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Our rails are designed to keep any steel or fiberglass body rigid, well integrated, and less susceptible to the forces that stress bodies and paintwork over the long term.
		Unlike other '32 frame rails made today, the new HandH rails are stamped with fully "convertible" tooling that produces a variety of '32 rail styles from one set of dies that uses interchangeable sections.
		For example, we can stamp a stock '32 rail that can be used for a restoration, or a rail with a sweeping C-notch at the rear - or, one that also has a deep notch for front spring clearance - or a rail with front and rear notches.
	www.hotrodsandhorsepower.com /rails.html (1115 words)

	Electric Traction Power Supplies
		The diagram above shows a top contact third rail system but there are other types as shown in this diagram. Third rail current collection comes in a variety of designs. The simplest is what is called "top contact" because that’s the part of the rail upon which the pick-up shoe slides.
		Although 3rd rail is considered a suburban or metro railway system, 750 volt DC third rail supply has been used extensively over southern England and trains using it run regularly up to 145 km/h. This is about its limit for speed and has only spread over such a large area for historical reasons.
		Pantograph contact is maintained either by spring or air pressure. Compressed air pressure is preferred for high speed operation. The pantograph is connected to a piston in a cylinder and air pressure in the cylinder maintains the pantograph in the raised condition.
	www.railway-technical.com /etracp.shtml (1206 words)

	Electric Multiple Units (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Even then the fourth rail was retained as it formed part of the electrical return path, this also allows underground units to access the lines (on lines where these did not wander the rail remains in place but is not maintained).
		The three and four rail systems presented problems in yards where men had to work so it was not uncommon to fit some locomotives with overhead pick up apparatus for use in the yards, switching to third rail when working on the main lines.
		The pantograph was mounted above the guards compartment, on two car units this was behind the drivers cab at one end, on three and four car units it was on an inner car toward the centre of the train.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /gansg/00-app3-4/ap3-emu.htm (17964 words)

	Southern Railway Photo Net - Welcome - search for a freight train views
		They had a maximum rail horse power of 3000 at 59.3 mph and were required to haul freight trains up to 900 tons and passenger trains up to 700 tons.
		In order to overcome the problems with "gapping" on the third rail due to the relatively short distance between collector shoes special equipment called boosters were fitted This was a flywheel connected to a generator.
		They were also fitted with a pantograph for working on overhead wiring in sidings to avoid the use of third rail.
	www.southernrailway.net /search/passenger_train.php?page=2 (940 words)

	DART.org - DART News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		DART opened its light rail system in June 1996 with a fleet of 40 cars and has added 55 more cars to the fleet to improve service and to accommodate the expansion of the system to Garland, Richardson and Plano.
		On the top of each rail car is a "pantograph" -- a bar 78 inches wide with a carbon insert for conducting electricity.
		The pantograph picks up power from the contact wire as it moves along the track, and feeds it into the four 175-horsepower electric motors that drive the train.
	www.dart.org /news.asp?ID=348 (621 words)

	NMRA RP 5.1 Electric Traction, Trolley Wire Frog
		The trolley contact wheel (or shoe) is guided through the frog by three precisely shaped and located rails cast on the underside of the frog.
		If dual operation of poles and pantographs is required either of the frog types referenced in Section A. may be used.
		If only pantographs are to be operated no trolley frog is required, but the leveling device is required.
	www.nmra.org /standards/rp-5_1.html (496 words)

	Winter Worries
		The pantograph is a mechanical unit mounted on the roof of the train.
		Current collection by the pantograph is achieved by means of specialised carbon strips mounted on a frame, or head as it is called, which makes direct contact with the underside of the contact wire.
		The pantograph is also subjected to the effects of high wind, and the effects depend on whether the device is leading or trailing.
	www.railwaypeople.com /rail-news-articles/winter-worries-303.html (1586 words)

	S-5 Traction Power Collection
		Contact wire height is measured perpendicular to the plane of the tops of the rails.
		Contact wire offset for pantograph operation is measured from the perpendicular center line of the track.
		When pantographs are not mounted over truck centers the contact shoes shall be extended from the minimum dimensions shown to the extent necessary for operation on curves of minimum radius.
	www.nmra.org /standards/s-5.html (370 words)

	[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Electric Traction - II
		The DC pantographs generally have two shoes, while the AC pantographs have one shoe, owing to the higher current carried by the DC pantograph.
		The pantograph structure may be in the form of a single arm — a single open bent angle ('>') — or in a diamond (rhombus) form ('<>').
		The single arm types are generally oriented with the bend of the pantograph pointing forwards (in the direction of motion) although this is not a strict rule and locos exist with pantographs in both orientations.
	www.irfca.org /faq/faq-elec2.html (4314 words)

	Event Recorders for Rail Rapid Transit Systems
		Rail transit operations are similar to railroad applications in that the event recorders may begin recording subsequent non-accident data when power is restored after an accident.
		Another similarity between EMUs and rail transit vehicles (and a major difference from locomotives on freight railroads) is the importance (especially in accidents) of interactions between passengers and doors, as evidenced by interlocks between doors and propulsion.
		Most available rail data pertain to freight railroad and passenger railroad operations, which are similar to but have important operational differences from commuter rail and rail transit operations.
	transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov /publications/safety/EventRecorders/HTML/FTA-VA-26-7004-98-1.htm (11817 words)

	Aiming at World-leading Maintenance Technology
		The point of contact between the wheel and rail has been a fundamental issue in all previous railway work but there are still a number of major issues that remain to be tackled.
		Future methods for lubricating the inner rail will have to be easy to use, environment friendly and minimize the wear factor while reducing corrugation wear along the rail head as well as wear caused by lateral thrust.
		When a wheel runs repeatedly over a rail as shown in Figure 6, a fatigue layer is formed the point of rolling contact between the wheel and the rail.
	www.jrtr.net /jrtr36/f48_ina.html (2806 words)

	Wynn - Coastal Range - Pantograph Wipers
		The M30 is an inexpensive medium duty, internally mounted Pendulum or Pantograph wiper from Wynn’s Coastal range.
		On the Pantograph version, there is an adjustment to ensure perfect alignment of the blade to the window.
		The M80 is a medium duty, internally mounted Pantograph wiper from the Wynn Coastal Range.
	www.wynn.co.uk /coastal_pantograph.htm (538 words)

	History of Light Rail
		Light rail is not a rigid concept, but a flexible mode that fits between the bus and the heavy metro or conventional railway, and can behave like either of them as well.
		The steel rails can be grooved, so that they may lay flush with a street surface, or ballasted like normal railway track, making light rail the only system which can operate on both city streets and jointly with conventional rail services.
		Trams and light rail can cover the whole spectrum of public transport provision, and international experience of 350 systems worldwide confirms that this is the most successful intermediate mode, with over 100 years of development behind it, yet incorporating the latest technology for the future.
	www.lrta.org /mrthistory.html (4381 words)

	Keeping a weather eye on rail infrastructure: remote systems are helping operators cut weather related service ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		RAILWAYS are susceptible to the effects of the weather, with it causing significant disruption at all times of the year due to extremes of temperature, wind, and rain.
		More recently, and working with Network Rail and some international forecasting agencies, it has been demonstrated that the forecast period can be extended and overhead wire forecast models can now give rail operators reliable 24-hour advance warning of overhead wire temperature and state.
		Temperature sensors attached to sections of rail mounted next to the line are used to report rail temperature data.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_11_45/ai_n15857905 (851 words)

	UTU: News
		Because of the age of the fleet -- many cars on the New Haven Line are 30 years old, 10 years past their life expectancy -- switching from pantograph to third rail can be hampered by extreme cold, she said.
		Beyond the pantograph problems, an early-morning train leaving New Haven station was delayed more than 40 minutes because a signal switch was frozen, Anders said.
		Electrical components were so badly damaged by the weather that many cars were taken out of commission and commuters were forced to crowd on combined and shortened trains.
	www.utu.org /worksite/detail_news.cfm?ArticleID=18440 (489 words)

	The Metro Blue Line
		The Metro Blue Line, L.A.'s first light rail transit system, runs from 7th Street in Downtown L.A., through the communities of Vernon, Huntington Park, South Gate, Watts, Compton, Carson, finally ending in downtown Long Beach.
		The gangs in the area are known to have a respect for the rail line, and recognize that the trains are not part of their turf.
		It was originally slated to open in May 2001, but lack of funding and other complications have postponed the opening of this rail line and construction was been suspended.
	www.westworld.com /~elson/larail/blue.html (916 words)

	Railway Technology - Norgren - Train Interior Fittings and an Oil Carry-Over System
		With more than 25 years of rail industry experience, Norgren is ideally placed to offer expertise in a wide variety of applications to the metro, intercity, freight and permanent-way rail industries.
		Norgren’s solutions enable the pantograph to be withdrawn from the overhead power cables quickly and reliably.
		The engine-driven air compressor utilised on rail vehicles is known to pass significant amounts of oil and carbon deposits into the compressed air systems.
	www.railway-technology.com /contractors/passenger/norgren (653 words)

	Spotters’ Guide to Rail Transit » The Antiplanner
		Light rail may run in streets or on exclusive rights of way, often runs in trains of two or three cars, and is powered by electricity, connecting to the overhead wires with a pantograph.
		Heavy rail runs in subterranean or elevated lines, always on exclusive rights of way, in trains of four to eight or more cars, and is powered by electricity.
		Rail opponents such as Randal also still regularly quote a nearly 20-year old report by Don Pickrell to support their claims of actual ridership coming in much lower than projections.
	ti.org /antiplanner/?p=56 (1700 words)

	Highspeed pantograph
		The British pantograph needed to be mounted on a framework to raise it to enable the pantograph to reach the OHLE, which is approx.
		Developments in pantograph head design, which had their roots in the High Speed Current Collection Project and were tested at BR's Old Dalby test track, have been adopted by numerous train companies and can be seen on nearly all the Faiveley pantographs in the UK.
		The original 'Highreach' Brecknell Willis pantographs are also employed on the Tyne and Wear Metro and increasingly on the UK rail network and world-wide.
	www.traintesting.com /Highspeed_pan.htm (1574 words)

	The Overhead Wire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since they can't kill light rail with common sense (because they don't have any) they are trying to use silly political tactics to get their repeal of the half cent sales tax that was enacted for transit in 1998.
		The critics of light rail can't question the facts, so they question the process of anyone whose position is different than their own.
		Over at Daily Kos after the fifth rail diary, there was a comment by poster Konko that struck me. In it he lays out the reasons why Asia and Europe can get large rail infrastructure projects done faster and more efficiently.
	theoverheadwire.blogspot.com (4361 words)

	world.nycsubway.org/United States/Boston, Massachusetts/MBTA Blue Line
		In the mid 1920's, the tunnel was converted to heavy rail subway operation, operating from Bowdoin to Maverick Square.
		At Airport the trains switch from third rail to pantograph operation while stopped in the station.
		These were another heavy rail PCC car and ran from the begining of the Revere extension, to 1979.
	world.nycsubway.org /us/boston/blue.html (1855 words)

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