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Topic: Pap smear

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	Abnormal pap smear: cervical dysplasia, and treatment of abnormal pap test
		Although cervical cancer is the first thing that may comes to mind, most of the time an abnormal pap smear indicates a minor problem with the cervix that may or may not need treatment.
		During a pap smear some cells are scraped or brushed off the cervix, and prepared on a slide that can be examined under a microscope.
		Years ago, pap smears were graded on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being normal and 5 being cancer.
	www.gynalternatives.com /abnpap.htm (288 words)

	Pap smear information on MedicineNet.com
		A Pap smear (also known as the Pap test) is a medical procedure in which a sample of cells from a woman's cervix (the end of the uterus that extends into the vagina) is collected and spread (smeared) on a microscope slide.
		The Pap smear is not intended to detect other forms of cancer such as those of the ovary, vagina, or uterus.
		Pap smear testing is not indicated for women who have hysterectomy (with removal of the cervix) for benign conditions.
	www.medicinenet.com /pap_smear/article.htm (810 words)

	Pap Smear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Pap smear is a simple procedure that is used primarily to detect pre-cancerous cells being shed from the cervix.
		Having a pap smear is a relatively simple procedure.
		An abnormal Pap smear means that the cells appear different, but are not necessarily harmful.
	www.mcg.edu /shs/papsmear.htm (385 words)

	Answers to FAQs and Articles about Cervix and Pap Smear Problems - G01
		The Pap is only a screening test and what is actually on the cervix can be more abnormal (more severe) than the PAP smear suggests or less abnormal or the same.
		Pap smears that show only ASCUS can be followed for a long time.
		Since your Pap has not worsened in 5 years, that is a fairly good sign it is not going to progress at all.
	www.wdxcyber.com /mcervix.htm (1737 words)

	Pap smear Information on Healthline
		A Pap smear is a microscopic examination of cells scraped from the
		A cervical biopsy is usually performed when a pap smear indicates significant abnormalities, or when an abnormal area is seen on the cervix during a routine pelvic examination.
		When a positive pap smear shows minor cell changes or abnormalities, a biopsy probably will not be done immediately, unless there is a reason to believe you may be in a high-risk category.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/pap-smear (465 words)

	Reproductive Health: PAP SMEARS
		The pap smear is a simple procedure that is performed on practically every woman in the country.
		In particular, the pap smear is designed to look for abnormal cells that may be developing in your cervix, which could indicate cervical cancer.
		Pap smear tests are not painful but you may feel some pressure in your lower abdomen.
	www.epigee.org /health/pap_smears.html (913 words)

	Pap Smears - Pap Tests
		Pap smears, also called cervical smears are very important for women who start having sex in their early teens.
		A cone biopsy is where the entire layer of cells that are abnormal on the pap smear is removed by a scalpel or by a laser beam.
		A pap smear is a test in which a ‘smear’ of bodily secretions, especially from the cervix, is taken from the body, and examined to detect any abnormal cells.
	www.coolnurse.com /papsmears.htm (2954 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Abnormal Pap smear
		A Pap smear (also known as a cervical cytology screening test) is performed to ensure that these cells are normal, and do not have any evidence of precancerous or cancerous changes.
		A Pap smear is a screening test, which means that it is not intended to diagnose a condition.
		Smears which are negative for an intraepithelial lesion or malignancy may show other abnormalities, such as organisms suggestive of vaginal infection (Trichomonas, yeast, herpes, or bacterial vaginosis) or cellular changes in response to irritation from dryness, radiation, or an intrauterine device (IUD) string.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=wom_issu/6518 (3808 words)

	Pap Smear Class Action Lawsuit Against Magee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pap smear tests are a widely used, and effective, diagnostic tool to detect gynecologic cancers and precancerous conditions.
		The suit alleges that in order to gain a greater share of the Pap smear testing market, the defendants created the impression that all tests would be reviewed by both a trained technologist as well as a physician.
		Women who received Pap smear tests at Magee-Womens Hospital, or whose tests were sent to Magee-Womens Hospital for analysis, should consult with their physician.
	www.papsmearsuitagainstmagee.com (636 words)

	Understanding the Pap Smear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the case of cervical cancer, the pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells on the cervix that have the potential to turn into cancerous cells.
		Once your pap smear is completed, the laboratory will evaluate the cells to determine if they are normal or not.
		A pap smear is a screening test used to detect the early stages of cervical cancer.
	www.blackwomenshealth.com /Understanding_the_Pap_Smear.htm (715 words)

	Pap Test - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During a Pap test, a small sample of cells from the surface of the cervix is collected by your health professional.
		The sample is then spread on a slide (Pap smear) or mixed in a liquid fixative (liquid-based cytology) and sent to a lab for examination under a microscope.
		You may be able to stop having regular Pap tests after you are 65 to 70 years of age, if you have had 3 normal Pap tests in a row, and you do not have a high risk of cervical cancer.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw5266/descrip.htm (273 words)

	Pap smear
		Squamous carcinoma for smears with cancer and ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) for cells which are uncertain.
		Periodic, routine Papanicolaou smears of cells from the vagina are commonly examined in women who have undergone a hysterectomyfor benign gynecologic disease.
		The probability of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear in this group of women was 1.1 percent, and the positive predictive value of the Papanicolaou test for detecting vaginal cancer was 0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 33 percent).
	www.geocities.com /menobeyond/pap.html (3285 words)

	Imaginis - Pap Smear
		A Pap smear (also called a Pap test) is a screening test used to examine cells from the cervix and the vagina.
		Pap smear is perceived by the medical community as a reliable screening tool to help detect cervical cancer, along with regular pelvic exams.
		Regular or more frequent Pap smears may be performed on women who have had hysterectomies (surgery to remove the uterus, including the cervix), especially if the hysterectomy was performed because pre-cancerous and cancerous cells were found in the cervix.
	www.imaginis.com /womenshealth/pap_smear.asp (1120 words)

	Pap Smear Lawsuit Against Magee Hospital and UPMC - Press Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pap smears, which are recommended annually for women, can help in the early detection of gynecologic cancers and precancerous conditions.
		At Magee and other hospitals, standard Pap smears are conducted by swabbing and scraping cells from the cervix and vagina and placing them in a preservative.
		They are asking Magee to notify every woman whose Pap smear was analyzed at the hospital since 1995 to pay for the women to be retested by an independent third party, to refund money charged for the original tests and to pay punitive damages that would be divided among the women.
	www.papsmearsuitagainstmagee.com /media.htm (2432 words)

	Pap Test
		An important part of this exam is the Pap test, sometimes called a Pap smear, which helps in the early detection and removal of abnormal cells on the cervix.
		After two LSIL pap smears 6 months apart you will usually be referred for a colposcopy.
		If Pap smears are done once a year on a regular basis, abnormal cells will most likely be detected in subsequent smears.
	www.crha-health.ab.ca /clin/women/Pap_Test.htm (663 words)

	Pap Smear
		A Pap smear, also known as a Papanicolaou test, is a routine test used to detect cancer of the cervix or abnormalities of the cervix that could lead to cancer.
		The main purpose of the Pap smear is to screen for these abnormalities, because if they are found early enough, a person can be given treatment to prevent cancer from developing.
		If your Pap smear results are "abnormal," the cells seen under the microscope are not typical in size or shape, and your doctor may want you to have more tests.
	www.kidshealth.org /PageManager.jsp?dn=studenthealthzone&lic=180&cat_id=20318&article_set=37284&ps=604 (1565 words)

	The Pap Smear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Pap smear is named after Dr. George N. Papanicolaou, the physician known for developing the test.
		The Pap smear is done during a pelvic exam while the woman is lying on her back with her legs spread and her feet placed in stirrup-like supports.
		You may be asked to have another Pap smear in a few months, or the test may show an infection which needs to be treated.
	members.aol.com /ogas245/papsmear.html (868 words)

	Pap Smear Litigation
		The Pap test is a study for the early detection of cancer cells which involves collecting material from areas of the body that shed cells or in which shed cells collect, especially in the cervix and the vagina.
		The Pap test was introduced in the l930s by Dr. George Papanicolaou.The Papanicolaou (Pap) test can detect over 90% of early cervical neoplasias (cell irregularities), and its use has reduced deaths from cervical cancer by more than 50% through recognition and treatment of pre-invasive cancer.
		The Pap smear screening begins with the gynecologist who takes a smear of cells from the vagina, the cervix and the endocervix, which cells are then placed on slides and submitted to a laboratory.
	www.civilrights.com /mm_pap.html (779 words)

	Pap smear
		A Pap smear is a microscopic examination of cells scraped from the cervix.
		The Pap smear is performed as part of a gynecological exam.
		Avoid scheduling your Pap smear while you are menstruating, because blood and cells from the endometrial cavity may obscure the accuracy of the Pap smear.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/1/003911.html (364 words)

	Pap smear: Screening test for cervical cancer - MayoClinic.com
		A Pap smear, also called a Pap test, is a simple procedure that collects cells from your cervix —; the lower, narrow end of your uterus.
		Usually your doctor performs a Pap smear during a pelvic examination — a simple procedure that allows your doctor to examine your external genitals, uterus, ovaries, other reproductive organs and rectum.
		The cells collected for the Pap smear appear so abnormal that the pathologist is almost certain a cancer is present in the vagina, cervix or, occasionally, the uterus.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/pap-smear/HQ01177 (1394 words)

	Pap Smear
		(Pap is a shortened version of the name of the doctor who developed the screening test.) A Pap smear is a microscopic examination of cells taken from the cervix.
		Physicians may screen a woman less frequently if she had negative Pap smear results 3 years in a row or is not sexually active.
		Many older women believe they no longer need Pap smears (and think they are not at risk for cervical cancer) because of their age, because they may not be sexually active, or because they have had a hysterectomy.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /pap_smear/article_em.htm (462 words)

	What Is a Pap Smear? - WebMD
		The Pap smear is done during a pelvic exam.
		Pap smears can occasionally show signs of infection but cannot be relied on to screen for sexually transmitted diseases.
		A repeat Pap smear may be necessary if you had an infection at the time of the test or if there were not enough cells collected during the test.
	women.webmd.com /guide/pap-smear (725 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.4: Pap Test (Cervical Smear)
		A Pap test is a screening test done during a pelvic exam to check for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix.
		Pap tests have reduced deaths from cancer of the cervix in the US by 70% over the past 50 years.
		Pap tests are also useful for detecting some types of cervical or vaginal infections and hormonal problems.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_papsmear_crs.htm (782 words)

	Pelvic Exam and Pap Smear
		During the pelvic exam, drops of discharge from the vagina may be looked at under the microscope to check for yeast, Trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis and irritation or infection of the cervix.
		A "pap smear" is not the same thing as a pelvic exam, and is not done every time you have a pelvic exam.
		Another useful function of the pap smear test is to find possible wart changes on the cervix.
	www.dph.sf.ca.us /HealthInfo/std_pelvic.htm (730 words)

	TMR - Pap Smear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pap smears have been the mainstay of prevention of invasive cervical cancer in countries where it has been available to primary care physicians and other health care providers such as nurse practitioners, and used widely.
		Since the Pap test is less than perfect, it is very important that women continue to return to their health care provider for regular Pap smear examinations.
		Because these tests may detect cases that the Pap smear otherwise misses, screening for cervical cancer in the near future may involve the combination of the Pap smear and a "visual adjunctive test." The key is to identify women at risk and treat lesions before they develop into invasive cancer.
	medicalreporter.health.org /tmr0596/lonky.html (3425 words)

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