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Topic: Papal

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	PAPAL DOCUMENTS
		The papal court issued the majority of the documents of the European Middle Age and, also during the first part of the Modern Age, it was only surpassed by few secular chanceries.
		The opening of the Vatican Archives (and the subsequent foundation of historical foreign institutes in Rome), which made the access to the huge series of registers possible, greatly enhanced research and in the meantime contributed to increase in an almost unlimited measure the knowledge of the documentation.
		The features of a papal document essentially depend on the age when it was written and on the procedure followed by the chancery.
	asv.vatican.va /en/dipl/1_papaldocuments.htm (249 words)

	Papal bull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Papal bull is a special kind of patent or charter issued by a pope and named for the seal (bulla) that was appended to the end to authenticate it.
		Papal bulls were originally issued by the pope for many kinds of communication of a public nature, but after the 15th century, only for the more formal or solemn of occasions.
		The Papal brief is the less formal form of papal communication and is authenticated with a wax impression (now a red ink impression) of the Ring of the Fisherman.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Papal_bull (1004 words)

	Papal States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the historical states of Italy before the peninsula was unified under the crown of Savoy.
		The Papal States were restored in June of 1800, and Pope Pius VII returned, but the French again invaded in 1808, and this time the remainder of the States of the Church were annexed to France, forming the départements of Tibre and Trasimène.
		The opportunity to eliminate the last vestige of the Papal States came at the beginning of September 1870, when, in the aftermath of France's disastrous defeat at the Battle of Sedan, the French garrison in Rome was withdrawn to defend France against the Prussians.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Papal_States (2128 words)

	Pope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historically the official residence of the Pope was the Lateran Palace, donated by the Roman Emperor Constantinus I.
		The use of the sedia gestatoria and of the flabella was discontinued by Pope John Paul II, with the former being replaced by the so-called Popemobile.
		The Latin term sede vacante ("vacant seat") refers to a papal interregnum, the period between the death of the Pope and the election of his successor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope (3944 words)

	Papal Tiara Definition and Description
		Papal Tiaras were worn by all popes from Pope Clement V to Pope Paul VI, who was crowned in 1963.
		Though not currently used as part of papal regalia, the continuing symbolism of the papal tiara is reflected in its use on the flag and coats of arms of the Holy See and the Vatican.
		The heaviest papal tiara in the papal collection is the 1804 tiara donated by Napoleon to celebrate both his marriage to Josephine and his coronation as French emperor.
	www.apparelsearch.com /Definitions/Headwear_Hats/Papal_Tiara_Triple_Tiara.htm (4051 words)

	Papal Coronation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pope Pius XII, in coronation robes and wearing the 1877 Papal Tiara, is carried through St. Peter's Basilica on a sedia gestatoria during his coronation in 1939.
		Apparently unaware of the detail of Pope Paul's Apostolic Constitution's mandatory requirement for papal coronations, John Paul II, in his homily at his Inauguration Mass, said that that Pope Paul VI had "left his Successors free to decide" whether to wear the papal tiara.
		Nowhere was it stated what form that 'inauguration of a pontificate' would take; both a papal inauguration and a papal coronation technically could be used to inaugurate (ie, ceremonially begin) a pontificate: both ceremonies had been described in the past using such a term.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Papal_coronation (887 words)

	Papal States -> Accumulation of Land on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Comtat Venaissin, a papal possession in S France until 1791 (though not a part of the Papal States), was acquired in 1274; in 1309, Avignon became the seat of the popes.
		Stress on papal primacy led to exaggerated clout for a pope among equals.
		Implications of the papal allocution on feeding tubes.(essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/papalsta_accumulationofland.asp (754 words)

	THE PAPAL ORDERS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The crosses of the Papal Orders are visible marks of recognition and mirror the awards made by most states to their citizens and others for public and private services.
		The highest Papal Order, the Order of Christ, was last awarded in 1987 to the late Frà Angelo de Mojana, 77th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, to honor him on the 25th anniversary of his election.
		The Grand Cross, the highest Papal award given to lay men and women, is also given to Ambassadors accredited to the Holy See after two years in post, and to leading Catholics in the wider world for particular services, mainly in the international field and particularly for outstanding deeds for Church and society.
	www.chivalricorders.org /vatican/papal.htm (1097 words)

	Papal Transition: On papal conclave & election of the next pope by Thomas J. Reese, S.J.
		When the pope dies, the prefect of the papal household (Bishop James Harvey) informs the camerlengo (chamberlain) who must verify his death in the presence of the papal master of ceremonies, the cleric prelates of the Apostolic Camera and the secretary of the Apostolic Camera, who draws up a death certificate.
		Meanwhile the prefect of the papal household tells the dean (Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger) of the college of cardinals, who informs the rest of the college, the ambassadors accredited to the Holy See and the heads of nations.
		The prohibition against discussing papal succession while the pope is still alive dates back to Felix IV (526-30), who instructed the clergy and the Roman Senate to elect his archdeacon, Boniface, as his successor.
	www.americamagazine.org /papaltransition.cfm (7724 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Pope
		The controversialists in question even claim that they are justified in refusing to admit as evidence for the papal primacy any pronouncement emanating from a Roman source, on the ground that, where the personal interests of anyone are concerned, his statements should not be admitted as evidence.
		papal decisions was recognized by all as binding in conscience.
		Indeed it is commonly held that this is an exercise of the papal infallibility.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12260a.htm (11304 words)

	Papal Infallibility
		Papal infallibility is one of the great differences between Catholicism and Protestantism.
		To the mind of the general reader, mention of the Vatican Council will usually recall two facts: that it was the occasion of the definition of the doctrine popularly called Papal Infallibility, and that many of the bishops present were opposed to the definition.
		At the First Vatican Council he was one of the most notable opponents of papal infallibility, and distinguished himself as a speaker.
	www.zpub.com /un/pope/infal.html (495 words)

	Rejection of Pascal's Wager: The Myth of Papal Infallibility
		Papal infallibility is the idea that the pope is infallible, that is, he is unable to err in teaching revealed truth.
		The "papal infallibalist" were in the majority however, and the final statement was passed.
		Even the limited definition of papal infallibility to ex-cathedra [a] pronouncements on faith and morals can be shown to be inconsistent with the historical evidence.
	www.geocities.com /paulntobin/infallible.html (1177 words)

	Papal States
		The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.
		The Papal states took a severe blow in the revolutions of 1848-49, in which Pope Pius IX was temporarily overthrown and a Roman Republic declared.
		Bologna was a Papal state 1274-1401, 1403-1411, 1412-1416, 1420-1428, 1429-1438, 1506-1511, 1512-1796, and 1814-1859.
	usapedia.com /p/papal-states.html (832 words)

	Papal Deaths
		But the best gift to scholars is the inclusion of papal epitaphs, many translated into English for the first time.
		This book, by writer, scholar, and historian Wendy Reardon, is the complete story of papal deaths from St. Peter to John Paul I, and includes all the anti-popes as well.
		An extensive bibliography of rare papal books and articles, and an author index, are also included.
	www.papal-death.com (525 words)

	AllRefer.com - bull, papal letter (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: General Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		As the diplomatic organization of the papal chancery progressed in the Middle Ages, the papal bull came to be more solemn than the papal brief or encyclical.
		The papal bull is used to proclaim the canonization of a saint.
		A bullarium is a collection of papal bulls; the most famous published bullaria are the Roman Bullarium (1733–62) and the Turin Bullarium (1857–85).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/bull.html (303 words)

	Papal States (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Papal States Pre-1849 For over a thousand years, the states of the church had been a unique religious enclave.
		Except for this clerical dominance, the composition of the Papal States was similar to that of its neighbors.
		The initial revolt was executed so skillfully that the northern provinces were removed from papal control without the shedding of a single drop of blood.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/papalsta.htm (1226 words)

	Papal Tiara (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, in Latin as the 'Triregnum', or in Italian as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown of Byzantine and Persian origin that is the symbol of the papacy.
		Finally, the title Vicarius Filii Dei itself is not a common papal title; however, the Donation of Constantine uses it to refer to St.
		One of the papal tiaras remains in use, however; it is placed on the head of a statue of St.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Papal-Tiara.htm (4412 words)

	Papal States -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Included were the modern Italian regions of Lazio (Latium), Umbria, and Marche and part of Emilia-Romagna, though the extent of the territory, along with the degree of papal control, varied over the centuries.
		administrative division of Papal States during 18th and 19th centuries; ruled by cardinal legate—special emissary of the pope; before Italian unification four legations were Bologna including Ferrara and Romagna, Urbino including The Marche, Perugia covering Umbria, and Velletri covering southern Lazio; nuncios, internuncios, and apostolic delegates sent by pope to...
		An alliance between Venice, Spain, Genoa, and the Italian Papal States gathered a navy under the command of the Spanish general John of Austria.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9058317?tocId=9058317&query=umbria (869 words)

	:::::The Papal Inquisition:::::
		It should be noted that prior to the institution of the Papal Inquisition in 1227/31, local bishops had the authority to investigate, and try heretics in local ecclesiastical courts.
		On June 21, 1542, Pope Paul III reconstituted the Papal Inquisition (in the Licet ab initio Bull) as the “Congregation of the Inquisition”, or the “Holy Office” (Sanctum Officium).
		The reconstituted Papal Inquisition was especially successful in Italy — almost all vestiges of incipient Protestantism were wiped out by the end of the 16th century.
	www.angelfire.com /darkside/forgottendreams/Papal.html (1879 words)

	Papal contender has passion for poor
		Any measurement of the qualities of strong papal candidates is certainly in his favor.
		In a key sign of Vatican favor, Hummes was asked to preach the Lenten retreat for the papal household this year, which ran from Feb. 17 to 23.
		Hummes made short work of his prospects as a papal candidate, dismissing such speculation as “fantasy,” describing his retreat talks as a series of “humble spiritual reflections.” Two days before the exercises were to end, Hummes said he had not even spoken personally with the pope.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/030102/030102j.htm (1043 words)

	Library Index
		In his General Audience of 28 April 1982, the Holy Father continued his catechesis on Theology of the Body by further explaining continence for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven as the particular response of virginity/celibacy to the self-gift of the divine Spouse in the Paschal and Eucharistic Mystery.
		At the General Audience of September 25, 1996, the Holy Father spoke of his recent Pastoral Visit to France to mark the 15th centenary of the Baptism of King Clovis, stressing that the meaning of this sacrament was the basic inspiration of his spiritual pilgrimage.
		During his homily, the Pope took the opportunity with a solemn Papal act to entrust the world to the mercy of God and expressed his burning desire that the message of God's merciful love may be made known to all.
	www.ewtn.com /library/indexes/PAPALDOC.htm (15865 words)

	Papal Claims to Authority
		During the sack of Rome in 1527, Pope Clement VII had all the papal tiaras and other regalia stripped of jewels, broken up, and melted down for the gold by Benvenuto Cellini to prevent their capture by the forces of Emperor Charles V.
		In 1798, the Vatican treasury was looted by the armies of Napoleon, and the papal tiaras were taken to France and broken up for their jewels and valuable metals, which explains why the existing tiaras are relatively recent.
		The Papal title of Pontiff originated with the Caesars of Rome, which declared Caesar to be the head of the Sun worshipping Pagan church.
	www.aloha.net /~mikesch/claims.htm (10487 words)

	Pierian Press :: Papal Encyclicals Database: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The papal shield of each pope separates the contents guides, which have been added to the encyclical, from the pope's original text.
		When papal letters are exhortations on particular needs or are addressed to the archbishops and bishops of particular countries or to designated groups of the hierarchy, they are called epistulae encyclicae (encyclical epistles).
		She edited The Papal Pronouncements, a Guide: 1740-1978 and has authored/edited numerous other works on papal pronouncements including the Guide to the Documents of Pius XII.
	www.pierianpress.com /index.php?section=databases&content=papalenc (424 words)

	Papal Allocution April 29 1848
		Charles Albert's insistence on “fusion” with Piedmont, and his refusal to discuss war aims with other Italian powers or to encourage their (and notably Pius IX's) interest in a loose Italian confederation, helped to bring about a general desertion of his cause.
		A papal Allocution of April 29 then came as a bombshell.
		He had just allowed the legend to develop by default that liberalism was now orthodox; and by an even greater miscalculation he had not understood that his constitution made sense only if he was prepared to renounce authoritarian power.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/1848/papal_allocution.html (574 words)

	Papal Infallibility
		The Catholic Church’s teaching on papal infallibility is one which is generally misunderstood by those outside the Church.
		It is a different story with "Bible Christians." For them papal infallibility often seems a muddle because their idea of what it encompasses is often incorrect.
		Turning to history, critics of the Church cite certain "errors of the popes." Their argument is really reduced to three cases, those of Popes Liberius, Vigilius, and Honorius, the three cases to which all opponents of papal infallibility turn; because they are the only cases that do not collapse as soon as they are mentioned.
	www.catholic.com /library/papal_infallibility.asp (2130 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III (r.1198-1216): Letters on Papal Polices
		Papal Authority: Letter to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany, 1198
		These dignities are the papal authority and the royal power.
		Now just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendor of its dignity from the pontifical authority....
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/innIII-policies.html (1148 words)

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