Papal abdication - Factbites

Papal abdication - Factbites
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Topic: Papal abdication

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	Papal abdication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Papal abdication occurs in the Roman Catholic Church when the Pope resigns his office.
		Abdication is considered dangerous by some Catholic thinkers, as it leaves open the possibility that those who dislike the new Pope will claim that there was a conspiracy to oust the old one and that the new Pope might therefore be an antipope.
		The last pope to abdicate was Pope Gregory XII in 1409; he did so to end the Western Schism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_abdication (434 words)

	Papal election - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church.
		The Secretary of the College of Cardinals, the Master of Papal Liturgical Celebrations, two Masters of Ceremonies, two officers of the Papal Sacristy and an ecclesiastic assisting the Dean of the College of Cardinals are also admitted to the conclave.
		Gregory VII was the last to submit to the interference of the Holy Roman Emperors; the breach between him and the Holy Roman Empire caused by the Investiture Controversy led to the abolition of the Emperor's role.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conclave (5414 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abdication
		The general ecclesiastical law concerning such abdications (exclusive of a papal resignation) is that the benefice must be resigned into the hands of the proper ecclesiastical superior.
		All doubt as to the legitimacy of papal abdications and all disputes among canonists were put an end to by the decree of Pope Boniface VIII which was received into the Corpus Juris Canonici (Cap.
		A bishop's Abdication of his see goes into effect as soon as the Pope has accepted it in a papal consistory.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01031a.htm (1292 words)

	1448. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Rapprochement with Ferrante of Naples; alienation of the Medici, who were replaced as papal bankers by the Pazzi.
		Advocate of papal supremacy, obstinate foe of conciliar reform.
		SIXTUS IV (della Rovere) aimed to consolidate the Papal States and reduce the power of the cardinals; methodical nepotist (three nephews, the Riarios, one of them later Pope Julius II).
	www.bartleby.com /67/532.html (627 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Infallibility
		The only noteworthy objections against papal infallibility, as distinct from the infallibility of the Church at large, are based on certain historical instances in which it is alleged that certain popes in the ex cathedra exercise of their office have actually taught heresy and condemned as heretical what has afterwards turned out to be true.
		Theories of conciliar and of papal infallibility do not logically stand or fall together, since in the Catholic view the co-operation and confirmation of the pope in his purely primatial capacity are necessary, according to the Divine constitution of the Church, for the ecumenicity and infallibility of a council.
		Various attempts have been made by opponents of the papal claims to get rid of the only obvious and natural meaning of these words, according to which Peter is to be the rock-foundation of the Church, and the source of its indefectibility against the gates of hell.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07790a.htm (7343 words)

	Definition of Pope - Biocrawler
		The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by John Paul II in his 1996 document Universi Dominici Gregis.
		The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church, or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time (see Papal Schism).
		The use of the sedia gestatoria and of the flabella was discontinued by Pope John Paul II, with the former being replaced by the so-called Popemobile.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Pope (3798 words)

	Christian Denominations - What's Been Published - Alphabetically by Title Beginning: P
		Papal judges delegate in the Province of Canterbury, 1198-1254 [electronic resource] : a study in ecclesiastical jurisdiction and administration, by Jane E. Sayers.
		Papal provisions aspects of church history, constitutional, legal and administrative in the later Middle Ages.
		Papal crusading policy : the chief instruments of papal crusading policy and crusade to the Holy Land from the final loss of Jerusalem to the fall of Acre 1244-1291
	www.pitbossannie.com /ti-bx-p.html (802 words)

	Pope
		If the Pope were to abdicate the papal throne (as did St. Peter Celestine), his abdication would be announced to the College of Cardinals, but not being his superior, they could not technically accept it, nor do they have power to refuse it."
		Canon 332 of church law stipulates that a papal resignation be made freely and "duly manifested," which is generally understood to mean in writing or in the presence of witnesses.
		Most experts believe a papal resignation would have to be communicated to the College of Cardinals, which elects popes.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/dodone/PopeResign.html (902 words)

	The Order of Saint Stephen of Tuscany (Ordine di Santo Stefano di Toscana)
		Using the pretext that Tuscany had refused to join Sardinia in the latter's war against Austria, his abdication as Grand Duke and Grand Master was forced in favor of his eldest son, who succeeded as Ferdinand IV on 21 July 1859.
		[18] It became clear that this suggestion was impossible without the voluntary abdication of the Grand Duke, and the assent of the other members of the family, to which the Grand Duke refused to consent.
		[23] This may be regarded as recognition by the Italian Republic that the purported abolition of a Papal foundation, a Religious Military Order of the Church, in 1859, was ultra vires the authority of the Provisional Government of Tuscany.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/tuscany/stephen.htm (4230 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		The reign ended by death, abdication (Charles V in 1555) or deposition of the emperor.
		It is however, occasionally used in non-official documents, such as letters, chronicles, even Papal encyclicals (in 1076).
		Ultimately, Maximilian I changed the style of the emperor in 1508, with papal approval: after his German coronation, his style was Dei gratia Romanorum imperator electus semper augustus.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11303 words)

	COUNCIL OF - Online Information article about COUNCIL OF
		united, were to be published before the election; and the mode of the papal election itself was to be determined by deputies.
		Romans were loud in their praise of the papal regime.
		was principally exercised by the opposition to papal authority which was gaining ground in Germany and France.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COR_CRE/COUNCIL_OF.html (4775 words)

	Boniface VIII on Encyclopedia.com
		Boniface was elected on Celestine's abdication, and during his first years he was opposed by those who had suffered from Celestine's retirement—the Neapolitans, the Colonna family, and the extreme Franciscans, among them Jacopone da Todi.
		Anagni) named Benedetto Caetani; successor of St. Celestine V. As a cardinal he was independent of the factions in the papal court, and he opposed the election of Celestine.
		To preclude schism, Boniface kept Celestine imprisoned for the rest of his life.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Bonifc8.asp (649 words)

	Popes
		Boniface was a fiery old man, a canon lawyer and a veteran in the papal service.
		While they were quarreling, Cardinal Nicholas Boccasini rallied the papal forces and rescued the poor old Pope.
		Soon complaints reached the Pope that Philip was taking very full advantage of the papal relaxation to milk the French church.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/popes/bonifac8.html (543 words)

	JS Online: Did pontiff contemplate resigning?
		Papal abdication is unheard of in the modern church; the last to step down was Gregory XII, in 1415.
		At one point, John Paul also left open the possibility that he could be buried in his native Poland, saying that leaders of the church there might have a say in his funeral arrangements.
		The pope's language was ambiguous, and Vatican officials declined to interpret it.
	www.jsonline.com /news/intl/apr05/316427.asp?format=print (1062 words)

	Global Vision News Network
		Despite previous instances of disputes over papal succession and abdication, the resignation of St. Celestine V is most frequently cited.
		Journalist Vittorio Messori, who has co-authored a book with the Pontiff, wrote in Corriere della Sera Monday that some inside the Holy See were mulling papal abdication or resignation.
		Pope Celestine V resigned in 1294 after interpreting church law as permitting abdication of the Throne of Peter.
	www.gvnews.net /html/DailyNews/alert597.html (328 words)

	The Word From Rome February 11, 2005
		The official answer, given to me by Vatican officials who deal with papal protocol, is that the pope always has a sheet with the Angelus prayers in front of him, but usually we don't see it because it rests on a small lectern in front of the window in his studio.
		None of this means that papal resignation is inconceivable, and in fact more than one cardinal has said to me that he believes the next pope will resign, perhaps at 80.
		Yet in the super-sensitive case of papal succession, there would be great caution about doing something that would seem to bring the legitimacy of the new pope into question.
	www.nationalcatholicreporter.org /word/word021105.htm (3848 words)

	'The Parchment' is a timely thriller The-Tidings.com
		"The Parchment" also deals with papal abdication, the Crusades, the Mafia, ancient forgeries and contemporary blackmail.
		And, the intricacies of a papal election --- an election where a leading candidate is forced to withdraw because of his involvement in homicide and where a second candidate withdraws to help bring peace to the Middle East.
		Those are some of the elements in "The Parchment" (Lindisfarne Books), an historical novel that appears at a time when papal transition is an increasingly discussed topic.
	www.the-tidings.com /2005/0325/mclaughlin.htm (383 words)

	St. Peter Celestine V
		Summoning a papal consistory at Naples on December 13,1294, Celestine V clothed in full pontifical vesture, read from the papal throne a formal document of abdication.
		Then be divested himself, one by one, of his papal regalis, went out of the room, put on his monastic habit, returned, and sat on the lowest step of the dais.
		Some of the new pope's enemies were determined to deny the validity of Peter's abdication and to use the retired pope as a weapon against his successor.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id281.htm (1624 words)

	Rome
		The Council of Constance, convened to both combat heresies and put an end to the papal schism, demanded abdication of all three pretenders (F. Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages, A. Hamilton (trans), London, 1906; rep. New York, 1967, vol.
		Then followed a period of claims and counterclaims, resulting that in 1415, the year of Kempe’s visit, there were three claimants to the papal throne: John XXIII (1410-15) and Gregory XII (1406-15) representing Italian factions and Benedict XIII (1394-1424) supported by Avignon.
		A Papal Bull of Martin V, dated 1425, provides a good description of early 15th century Rome that Margery Kempe experienced.
	www.holycross.edu /departments/visarts/projects/kempe/pilgrimage/rome_papal.htm (597 words)

	Papal Power - John Paul II's other legacy. By Christopher Hitchens
		In the case of a presidency, or even a monarchy, provision can be made for abdication and succession when physical and mental deliquescence occur.
		Papal Power - John Paul II's other legacy.
		And it means that you have to believe that the public agony and humiliation endured by the pontiff was also part of some divine design.
	www.slate.com /id/2116085 (1074 words)

	Giles of Rome
		From the point of view of the history of political thought it is relevant that Giles argues that papal power, although of divine origin, is conferred on a particular individual by a human act, namely, by the election of the cardinals.
		Benedict Caetani's election to the papal see marked a further radical change in his career, as Boniface VIII appointed him archbishop of Bourges in 1295.
		The main tenet of his fully fledged argumentation is that the pope, supreme authority of the Church but also of the whole of mankind, is the only legitimate origin of every power on earth, be it exercised -- as jurisdiction -- on persons, or -- as property -- on things.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/giles (4958 words)

	Amazon.com: Christina, Queen of Sweden : The Restless Life of a European Eccentric: Books: Veronica Buckley
		Buckley weaves these threads together in a lively portrait, laying out the background to her story in fluid prose, from political and military aspects of the Thirty Years' War to machinations of the papal and French courts and the fragile state of the monarchy in Sweden.
		Abdicating in 1654, she converted to Catholicism, moved to Rome, and undertook a bold and ultimately disastrous plan to seize the throne of Naples.
		Christina abdicated the throne of Lutheran Sweden in 1654, at age 28, presumably in order to convert to Catholicism.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060736178?v=glance (1294 words)

	The Two Babylons - Part II
		Papal false Christian Rome (she is even called the eternal city -- how blasphemous) now controls by religion even more ably than when pagan Imperial Rome controlled by the pure iron of force.
		The triple crown signifies papal dominion over heaven, earth and purgatory, however John Paul I and II both refused the tiara and rejected the Coronation ceremony and papal oath, in order to present a more gentle face to a world over which Rome's iron hand will soon hold absolute rule.
		This is a ploy designed to deceive the nations to surrender their sovereignty to the papal tiara in the name of world peace.
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /nl165.htm (5693 words)

	United Press International - Life & Mind - It's not easy for pope to quit
		Discussing the prospects for a papal abdication seven centuries on, New York's Father Murray said, "Of course, the idea of an efficient CEO's resignation matches the modern mentality."
		The knotty story of this Benedictine monk and founder of the Celestine order supports the Rev. Murray's argument that any papal abdication must be legally rock-solid.
		However, there are reports that the pope has deposited a letter of abdication in case he should become mentally incapacitated.
	www.upi.com /inc/view.php?StoryID=20052002-044348-2060r (1154 words)

	Clear Ideas On the Pope’s Infallible Magisterium
		This would be a real abdication of the intellect, and it would leave us defenseless in the face of a principle of authority that would be totally outside the control of truth.
		The error by excess, regarding as infallible everything that comes from papal authority, stretches the pope's infallibility to the extent of his authority.
		No place would be left, intermediate between such private acts and the solemn papal judgments, for a teaching which, while authentic, is not equally guaranteed throughout all its various expressions.
	www.sspxasia.com /Documents/SiSiNoNo/2002_January/Popes_Infallible_Magisterium.htm (5099 words)

	Thursday, February 3
		The difficulty with papal abdication, in truth, lies partly with the name itself, which is taken to be akin to abandoning a position of responsibility, but also with past practice.
		The notion of voluntary abdication is one which has deep roots in the traditions of the faith.
		At least four Popes have exercised that right, with a case to be made that another three in the early years of the papacy probably did so.
	www.aclufl.org /news_events/alert_archive?action=viewRelease&emailAlertID=795 (2330 words)

	Outrage at Anagni 1303
		Benedetto Caetani (1235-1303) became pope as Boniface VIII (1294-1303), after the abdication of Celestine V. To assert papal authority, he intervened unsuccessfully in Sicily and further aggravated the quarrel of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines.
		Sciarra and his forces broke through the doors and windows of the papal palace at a number of points, and set fire to them at others, till at last the angered soldiery forced their way to the Pope.
		Thus [were] the Pope and his nephew taken in Anagni on the said vigil of the Blessed Mary at about the hour of vespers and it is believed that the Lord Pope put in a bad night.
	www.ordotempli.org /outrage_at_anagni_1303.htm (725 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Consalvi, Ercole @ HighBeam Research
		Reinstated as secretary of state after Napoleon's second abdication (1814), Consalvi vainly struggled against reactionary elements to reform the administration of the Papal States.
		Despite Consalvi's astute diplomacy, Napoleon annexed the papal states in 1809.
		Consalvi was compelled to go to Paris, where his refusal to attend Napoleon's second marriage (1809) resulted in exile at Reims.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Consalvi&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (152 words)

	Vatican Orders of Knighthood and the Catholic Orders of Chivalry
		Membership at one time was conferred by Papal Bull, or by Apostolic Letter, signed by the Pope himself, but since the reforms made in the structure of these Orders at the beginning of the 20th century, the diplomas have been signed by the Cardinal Secretary of State.
		he Papal Orders are awarded in the name of the Supreme Pontiff and are given both as awards of His Holiness as Head of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church and also as Sovereign of the Vatican City State.
		(3) Those Orders which were founded by Papal Bull, whose membership is limited exclusively to Roman Catholics, which require obligations of service according to Catholic teaching and which generally have a governing body which administers the Order on behalf of the Grand Master.
	www.chivalricorders.org /vatican/main2.htm (1180 words)

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