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Topic: Papal conclave, 1800

	Conclave - LoveToKnow 1911
		Since then the laws relating to the conclave have been observed, even during the great schism; the only exception was the election of Martin V., which was performed by the cardinals of the three obediences, to which the council of Constance added five prelates of each of the six nations represented in that assembly.
		Until after the Great Schism the conclaves were held in various towns outside of Rome; but since then they The have all been held in Rome, with the single exception of the conclave of Venice (1800), and in most cases in the Vatican.
		Within the conclave, the cardinals, alone in the common hall, usually the Sistine chapel, proceed morning and evening to their double vote, the direct vote and the "accessit." Sometimes these sessions have been very numerous; for example, in 1740, Benedict XIV.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Conclave (1990 words)

	Conclave for the election of a new Pope
		Urban VI was elected pope in 1378, after a tumultuous conclave during which armed men and the populace broke into the building where the voting was taking place.
		During the conclave for the election of Pius IV (1559-65), bets were laid as to the outcome.
		The last conclave to be held outside Rome was that of 1800, when Pope Pius VII was elected in Venice.
	www.inforoma.it /feature.php?lookup=conclave (930 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Papal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As the diplomatic organization of the papal chancery progressed in the Middle Ages, the papal bull came to be more solemn than the papal brief or encyclical.
		Original Papal Documents in England and Wales from the Accession of Pope Innocent III to the Death of Pope Benedict (1198-1304).
		Implications of the papal allocution on feeding tubes.(essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Papal (699 words)

	Papal Transition 2005: On papal conclave & election of the next pope by Thomas J. Reese, S.J. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile the prefect of the papal household tells the dean (Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger) of the college of cardinals, who informs the rest of the college, the ambassadors accredited to the Holy See and the heads of nations.
		The prohibition against discussing papal succession while the pope is still alive dates back to Felix IV (526-30), who instructed the clergy and the Roman Senate to elect his archdeacon, Boniface, as his successor.
		Outside the conclave, the camerlengo is assisted by the sostituto of the Secretariat of State, who directs Vatican personnel to protect the integrity and security of the conclave.
	www.americamagazine.org /papaltransition2005.cfm (7839 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		, is the three-tiered papal crown formerly worn by popes from
		Papal Coronation, when, in a six-hour ceremony, the new pope would be carried in state to the location of the coronation (usually St. Peter's Basilica or, in the case of Pope Pius XII, on the balcony outside, or on some occasions in the Sistine Chapel).
		This unusual papal coronation on March 21, 1800 occurred in a cramped monastery church, while the coffined corpse of his predecessor, dead seven months, remained unburied on the orders of pro-Napoleonic clergy, the late pontiff's coffin labelled simply "Citizen Braschi, exercising the profession of Pontiff".
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Papal_Tiara.html (3403 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Papal conclave of 1958 occurred following the death of Pope Pius XII on October 9, 1958 in Castel Gandolfo, the papal summer residence in Italy, after a 19-year papacy.
		Pius had initiated a series of liturgical reforms to the Mass that in some ways were the forerunner of Vatican II changes; in one version of the Mass he introduced vocal participation by the congregation that was to become a standard feature of the Mass of Paul VI.
		As with many papal conclaves, the man eventually chosen to reign as pope was not one of the papabili but a mild-mannered former diplomat of working class origins, 77-year old Angelo Cardinal Roncalli, the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice and former nuncio to France.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Papal_conclave,_1958 (1440 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A papal conclave is the process by which the Roman Catholic Church elects the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) who, as he is considered the "Successor of Saint Peter," is the head of the Church.
		Conclaves are now held in the Sistine Chapel in the Palace of the Vatican.
		The strict rules of the conclave were disliked by the cardinals and suspended by John XXI (1276-1277).
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Papal_conclave (7049 words)

	Catholic World News : Toward the conclave #5: a brief history of conclaves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He decreed that henceforth papal elections would take place at a strictly closed location, with the cardinals living under modest conditions so that they would not be tempted to prolong their stay.
		In 1870 the Quirinal became the residence of the Italian king, as Rome was established as the capital of the new monarchy.
		Although the history of papal elections is long and colorful, many of the factors that once influenced conclaves-- such as the open lobbying of European monarchs, or the gaps in communication that prevented some distant prelates from hearing about the Pope's death until after the election-- are no longer relevant considerations.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=36406 (1519 words)

	Cardinals and Conclaves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The rules governing a conclave and the governance of the church during the interregnum were updated by Paul VI in the constitution "Romano Pontifici Eligendo" (October 1, 1975).
		The delay for the first conclave was at least partly due to the lack of workers to prepare the conclave quarters during the traditional August vacation period when Paul VI died.
		Besides the cardinals, very few people are admitted into the conclave: the secretary of the college of cardinals, the vicar of the Vatican (who currently is a cardinal) with one or more assistants to take care of the sacristy, the papal master of ceremonies and assistants, and an assistant to the cardinal dean.
	guweb.georgetown.edu /centers/woodstock/reese/america/a-papel1.htm (7715 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		papal election election of the pope by the college of cardinals meeting in secret conclave in the Sistine Chapel not less than 15 nor more than 18 days after the death of the previous pontiff.
		He was frequently employed by his predecessors as a nuncio, and Innocent XI created him cardinal.
		On the death of Gregory, the conclave, with French cardinals in the majority, fell
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=conclave (634 words)

	The Papal Autograph Collection An inventory of the Papal Autograph Collection at The American Catholic History Research ...
		From the early tenth century to the Gregorian reforms of the eleventh century, the papal state was dominated by factions of the Roman nobility.
		The college of cardinals lost power; however, this decline ended up weakening the papacy itself, turning the Papal States into a pawn of conclave politics, which in turn were subject to external pressures, as the great powers intervened to exclude candidates who were not to their liking.
		Ten years later, the Papal States, bereft of foreign protection, lost the legations, the Marches, and Umbria to the new Kingdom of Italy, which proclaimed Rome to be its capital in 1861.
	libraries.cua.edu /achrcua/papalautograph.html (2026 words)

	Sede Vacante 1823
		In March, 1799, Pope Pius VI (Braschi), who had been deposed as ruler of the Papal States (which had been organized into the Roman Republic by the French) was living in retirement in the Carthusian Monastery at Florence (the Foresteria of the Certosa at Galluzzo, built by Boccacio's friend, Niccolò Acciaiuoli).
		At last, after the conclave had lasted three months, some of the neutral cardinals, including Maury, suggested Chiaramonti as a suitable candidate and, with the tactful support of the secretary of the conclave, Ercole Consalvi, he was elected.
		The new pope was crowned as Pius VII on 21 March, 1800, at Venice.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/SV1800.html (444 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Conclaves by century
		Fifty of the fifty-eight cardinals participated in the conclave.
		Sixty-one of the sixty-four cardinals participated in the conclave.
		Cardinal Joacchino Pecci, camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and archbishop-bishop of Perugia, was elected in the third ballot.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xix.htm (2111 words)

	Papal Transition: On papal conclave & election of the next pope by Thomas J. Reese, S.J. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile the prefect of the papal household tells the dean (Cardinal Angelo Sodano) of the college of cardinals, who informs the rest of the college, the ambassadors accredited to the Holy See and the heads of nations.
		The papal electors were limited to the clergy of the Diocese of Rome by the Roman synod of 499 (although in some elections some of the laity still participated until the 8th century).
		Prior to the 2005 conclave, I predicted that when the cardinals gathered in conclave, they would praise John Paul "of happy memory," but there might be a backlash against the Vatican Curia, whose power has grown during his papacy.
	www.americamagazine.org /papaltransition.cfm (9456 words)

	Amazon.com: Passing the Keys: Modern Cardinals, Conclaves, and the Election of the Next Pope: Books: Francis ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election by John L. Allen Jr.
		From the book's first sentence, the author's biases are clear: "Papal elections are human, not divine, events." That said, Burkle-Young provides an overview of papal elections beginning with Leo XIII in 1878--the first to take place after Italy's unification and the abolition of the States of the Church.
		Expecting a conclave in 1999, several of the Cardinals who he expected to play key rolls were either dead or superannuated when it finally came.
	www.amazon.com /Passing-Keys-Cardinals-Conclaves-Election/dp/1568332327 (3282 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of August 11, 1800
		Sent by the pope on June 21, 1815 to bring his compliments to King Ferdinando VII of Naples and his restoration to the throne and for the restitution of the ecclesiastical properties by royal decree of June 17, 1815.
		With the excuse of the assassination of General Duphot on December 28, 1797, in Rome, the French occupied the city on February 10, 1798, and deprived Pope Pius VI of his temporal sovereignty, and proclaimed a Roman Republic.
		For his refusal to attend the marriage ceremonies of Napoleon and Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria on April 2, 1810, he and twelve other cardinals were deprived of their property and of their cardinalitial dignity and compelled to wear fl garments, whence their name of "fl cardinals".
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1800.htm (1868 words)

	Biography – Pope Pius VIII – The Papal Library
		After the death of Leo XII, on the 10th of February, 1829, Cardinal Galeffi proceeded with all the members of the apostolic chamber to the Vatican, and, after recognizing the body of the late pontiff, broke the fisherman's ring.
		At first Cardinal Pacca and Cardinal de Gregorio were proposed, but when Cardinal Albani arrived, accredited representative of Austria in the conclave, charged with the veto of the emperor, the votes centered on Cardinal Francesco Xaviero Castiglioni, who was elected on the 31st of March, and assumed the title of Pius VIII.
		Such were the qualifications which induced the fifty-one electors in conclave to unite their suffrages in the person of Cardinal Castiglioni.
	www.saint-mike.org /Papal-Library/PiusVIII/biography.html (5104 words)

	Papal conclave, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Papal conclave of 2005 was convoked due to the death of Pope John Paul II on April 2, 2005.
		This state of affairs is not unparalleled in modern conclaves: the 1903 conclave had only one elector with previous experience in electing a pope, and the 1823 conclave only two.
		After Archbishop Piero Marini (the Papal Master of Ceremonies) intoned the words extra omnes (Latin, "everybody out!"), the members of the choir, security guards, and others left the chapel and the doors of the Sistine Chapel were closed, leaving the cardinals in conclave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_conclave,_2005 (2187 words)

	The Pope Blog: Pope Benedict XVI: Conclave: The Papal Election Process
		Upon the death of the Pope, a monumental sequence of events unfolds, culminating in a process known as the conclave whereby a new Pope is elected to fill the vacancy of the Holy See (sede vacante) and lead the Roman Catholic Church.
		In the conclave, an ancient ritual enduring little change since Pope Gregory X instituted it during the thirteenth century, the cardinals take an oath of secrecy, that if broken renders the offender automatically excommunicated from the Church.
		The word "conclave" is derived from the Latin cum clavi, "with a key," and refers to the locking away of the cardinals until they elect a new Pope.
	thepopeblog.blogspot.com /2005/04/conclave-papal-election-process.html (1497 words)

	Biography – Pope Boniface VIII – The Papal Library
		He was successively canon of Todi, of Paris, of Lyons, and the Vatican Basilica, consistorial advocate, and apostolical prothonotary.
		After these many signal services Cardinal Gaetani was unanimously elected pope on the 24th of December, 1294, at Castel Nuovo, near the city of Naples, where the cardinals were assembled in conclave.
		After accepting the pontificate on the 2nd of January, 1295, he, in company with Charles II, King of Sicily, and Charle Martel, his son, King of Hungary, set out for Rome, where he was consecrated and crowned by Cardinal Matthew Roar Orsini, the first deacon, on the 16th of the month of January.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/BonifaceVIII/Biography.html (1560 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1799-1809
		In accordance with a ruling established by the deceased Pope Pius VI., a conclave to elect his successor was held outside Rome, in Venice, under Austrian protection (Dec. 1st 1799 - March 1st 1800); Barnaba Luigi Count Chiaramonti, Bishop of Imola (in the Subalpine Republic) was elected; he took on the name Pius VII.
		Rather than restoring the Roman Republic, he recognized the Pope and his claim to the Papal State in the borders delimited by the Treaty of Tolentino.
		The confiscation of church property, the introduction of a Gallican church constitution, the secularization of ecclesiastic statelets was carried by French armies and French diplomatic pressure into the Holy Roman Empire (1803), which herself got dissolved.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate17991809.html (717 words)

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