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	Papal election - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church.
		Conclaves have been employed since the Second Council of Lyons decreed in 1274 that the electors should meet in seclusion.
		After the papal name is chosen, the officials are readmitted to the conclave, and the Master of Pontifical Liturgical writes a document recording the acceptance and the new name of the Pope.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Papal_election (5449 words)

	LEO (POPES) - LoveToKnow Article on LEO (POPES) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In their bearing upon the question of papal infallibility these words have excited considerable attention and controversy, and prominence is given to the circumstance that in the Greek text of the letter to the emperor in which the phrase occurs the milder expression ira.pexandpno'ev (subverti permisit) is used for subvertere conatus est.
		A papal bull of the isth of June 152, which condemned forty-one propositions extracted from Luther's teachings, was taken to Germany by Eck in his capacity of apostolic nuncio, published by him and the legates Alexander and Caracciola, and burned by Luther on the loth of December at Wittenberg.
		In the conclave of 1823, in spite of the active opposition of France, he was elected pope by the zelanti on the 28th of September.
	56.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEO_POPES_.htm (9688 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Pius IX
		The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, States of the Church) was one of the historical states of Italy before the peninsula was unified under the crown of Savoy.
		Moreover, the conclave of 1846 was steeped in a factional division between conservatives and liberals.
		In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that the Pope, when he solemnly defines a matter of faith and morals ex cathedra (that is, officially and as pastor of the universal Church), is correct, and thus does not have the possibility of error.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Pius-IX (6132 words)

	CONCLAVE - LoveToKnow Article on CONCLAVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conclave is the name applied to that system of strict seclusion to which the electors of the pope have been and are submitted, formerly as a matter of necessity, and subsequently as the result of a legislative enactment; hence the word has come to be used of the electoral assembly of the cardinals.
		Since then the laws relating to the conclave have been observed, even during the great schism; the only exception was the election of Martin V., which was performed by the cardinals of the three obediences, to which the council of Constance added five prelates of each of the six nations represented in that assembly.
		But they soon claimed an actual right of formal and direct exclusion, which should be notified in the conclave in their name by a cardinal charged with this mission, and should have a decisive effect; this is what has been called the right of veto.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/CONCLAVE.htm (5037 words)

	Articles - Papal conclave, 1846 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was the issue of the government of the Papal States that was to prove central to the 1846 conclave.
		Pope Pius IX was crowned with the Papal tiara on 21 June 1846.
		Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, with the former papal palace, the Quirinal, becoming the King's palace.
	www.wathcesa.com /articles/Papal_conclave,_1846 (470 words)

	Papal conclave, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leading the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger.
		This was the first Papal election governed under canon law reforms made by John Paul II in his Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, promulgated on February 22, 1996.
		Although there were 183 cardinals in all, cardinals over the age of 80 at the time the papacy fell vacant were ineligible to vote in the conclave according to rules enacted by Pope Paul VI in 1971 and modified slightly in 1996 by John Paul II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_conclave%2C_2005 (1879 words)

	Papal Conclave, 1846 [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fifty of the sixty-two members of the College of Cardinals assembled in the Quirinal PalaceThe Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Quirinale) is the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic.
		It served as a papal residence until 1870 when Rome ceased to the property of the popes and became the capital of the new Kingdom of Italy.
		The conclave began on 14 June and had to elect a pope who would not only be head of the Catholic ChurchThe Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members.
	www.wikimirror.com /Papal_conclave%2C_1846 (1675 words)

	PIUS IX
		In 1823 he accompanied the apostolic delegate to Chile, and thus became the first pope to have visited the new world.
		In 1860 Cavour and Garibaldi wrested most of the Papal States from Pius, and in 1870 when the French garrison was withdrawn from Rome, the Piedmontese moved in.
		This was an assertion of papal infallibility and a challenge to a materialistic age which had little belief in original sin.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp253.htm (548 words)

	GraciousCall.org - HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The papal schism which Pastor has called "the greatest misfortune that could be thought of for the Church"252 soon began to call forth indignant protests from the best men of the time.
		In that case, however, the papal throne became vacant by the supreme act of the pope himself.
		The validity of its act in electing Martin V., though the papal regulation limiting the right of voting to the cardinals was set aside, is also acknowledged on the ground that the council at the time of Martinâs election was sitting by Gregoryâs sanction, and Gregory was true pope until he abdicated.
	www.graciouscall.org /books/history/6_ch02.htm (15331 words)

	The Election of A Pope - Rome, Italy
		The very street on which the wing of the conclave looks is barricaded and guarded by a picket at each end; and as, fortunately, there are no private residences opposite, and all the buildings have access from the back, no inconvenience is thereby created.
		While conclave lasts, the administrative power rests in the hands of the Cardinal Chamberlain, who strikes his own coins during its continuance; and he is assisted by three cardinals, called the "Heads of Orders," because they represent the three orders in the sacred college, of bishops, priests and deacons.
		At last the masons of the conclave have opened a rude door, through which steps out on the balcony the first Cardinal Deacon, and proclaims to the many, or to the few, who may happen to be waiting, that they again possess a sovereign and a Pontiff.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles13/travel-195.shtml (960 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections - XV Century
		In the succeeding conclave, Borgia materially assisted in the election of Pius II and, in March, 1463, became archdeacon of the College on the death of Prospero Colonna.
		France's candidates for the papal throne had not fared well in earlier elections of the fifteenth century; and the current king, Charles VIII, was a vacillating and weak young man who did not please the Italian cardinals with his warlike posture in his claims to the kingdom of Naples.
		In many conclaves, this address was given by the secretary of Latin letters to the late pope, but, on this occasion, the appointment went to the ambassador from Ferdinand and Isabella to the papal court, Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/election-alexandervi.htm (21695 words)

	SEDE VACANTE 1846
		TOMMASO CARDINAL RIARIO SFORZA (1782-1857), Patrician of Naples, was born at Naples, the tenth child and youngest son of Nicola Riario Sforza, third Duca Riario Sforza, sixth Marchese di Corleto, etc.; and Giovanna di Somma, daughter of Don Gennaro, seventh Principe del Colle, eighth Marchese di Circello.
		He was created Cardinal Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro on March 10, 1823, and finally ordained priest on September 28 at the age of 41.
		As a cardinal he participated in the Conclaves of 1823, 1829, 1831 and 1846.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/SV1846.html (304 words)

	Biography – Pope Leo XII – The Papal Library
		Without exaggeration, we may allow such conflicts of principle to have swayed the minds of many who entered the conclave of 1823; while there were other who had espoused no decided views, but had simply at heart the greatest general good, and reserved their final judgement to the period when they must authoritatively pronounce it.
		To the papal government and to the inhabitants of those provinces it was a constant eyesore, or rather a thorn in the side.
		The court of Madrid was angry, and refused to admit the papal nuncio, Tiberi; and a little episode in the life of Pius IX arose from this passing coolness.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/LeoXII/Biography.html (9740 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		NOTE ON MEDALS: Unless stated, all medals are official, struck at the Papal mint with original dies.
		VF 27.00 1849 AE30, For restoration of Papal rule of Rome, Keys / Inscr.
		[Mazio], A Pictorial Catalogue of Papal Medals 1417-1942 as Struck by the Mint of Rome for the Vatican.
	members.aol.com /agberman/papal.txt (3059 words)

	Papal election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The death of the Pope is verified by the Cardinal Camerlengo, or Chamberlain, who traditionally performed the task by gently striking the Pope's head with a small silver hammer and calling out his Christian (not papal) name three times.
		The Secretary of the College of Cardinals, the Master of Papal Liturgical Celebrations, two Masters of Ceremonies, two officers of the Papal Sacristy and an ecclesiastic assisting the Dean of the College of Cardinals are also admitted to the conclave.
		Some factions of sedevacantism have held their own papal elections (such as the supporters of Lucian Pulvermacher), whilst others consider the papacy vacant, often since some date of a purported legitimate Pope's death, usually Giuseppe Cardinal Siri, whom some sedevacantists claim ruled in exile from 1958 to 1989 as Pope Gregory XVII.
	toshare.dynup.net /en/Papal_election.htm (5397 words)

	Papal conclave, 1823 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive.
		The 1823 Papal conclave led to the election of Pope Leo XII.
		This page was last modified 18:44, 8 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_conclave,_1823 (67 words)

	The Vatican Comes to Duluth - Artifacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Papal Bull of Clement IV This Papal Bull (Bullae: lead seal) is from Pope Clement IV, dating 1266, the second year of his papacy makes this the oldest document in the entire collection.
		This is a letter from Pope Leo XII who reigned from 1823-1829, this letter is from soon after his election, dated 1823 he is responding to someone who was congratulating him upon his election to the highest spiritual office in the world.
		Here are a handful of coins from the papal states, both silver and gold these particular coins are as early as the papacy of Julius III 1550-1555.
	www.css.edu /vaticanduluth/artifacts.html (896 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Pius VII
		When Napoleon realized that Pius would not be his puppet, he invaded Italy, taking Rome in 1808 and the Papal States in 1809.
		Pius was captured and imprisoned in Fontainebleau, France and Savona, Italy, and forced to sign on to another concordat, which he later disavowed.
		Fell on 6 July 1823, fracturing his thigh; he died while recuperating from his injury.
	www.catholicforum.com /saints/pope0251.htm (311 words)

	Pope Pius VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pius VII né Giorgio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti (August 14 1740 - August 20 1823) was Pope from March 14 1800 to August 20 1823.
		Following the death of Pius in 1799 the conclave met in Venice on November 30.
		Whatever Pius may have had with Napoleon the Papal States were eventually taken by the French 1800 and when Napoleon subsequently was excommunicated he had Pius arrested.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pius_VII (297 words)

	The Dirt on il papi
		Disinterred by Stephen VI (VII) and clad in papal vestments and propped up on the throne, Formosus' corpse was tried for perjury and violation of various canons; convicted; having three (swearing) fingers of his right hand removed and thrown into the Tiber.
		He personally led the papal forces that recovered Sardinia from the Spanish Moslems, and fought numerous campaigns, declaring that "blood should fill the Holy Grail." At the synod of Pavia the marriage of priests was, for the first time, officially forbidden.
		With papal revenues he set up a harem of 6,800 courtesans for prince Jem (the younger brother of the Sultan) who had been exiled for his sexual excesses.
	pw1.netcom.com /~wbaxter/archive/r_popes.html (5864 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1799-1809
		The ROMAN REPUBLIC was a thin veil behind which the French ruled the Papal State in the borders delimited by the Treaty of Tolentino (1797).
		While a number of French-style reforms were introduced, the French were most interested in exploiting the resources of the country in order to satisfy French needs; this included stripping the holy city, her many churches, from priceless art treasures, and squeezing a maximum taxation out of her inhabitants.
		In accordance with a ruling established by the deceased Pope Pius VI., a conclave to elect his successor was held outside Rome, in Venice, under Austrian protection (Dec. 1st 1799 - March 1st 1800); Barnaba Luigi Count Chiaramonti, Bishop of Imola (in the Subalpine Republic) was elected; he took on the name PIUS VII.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate17991809.html (779 words)

	Papal conclave, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After taking their places the (Hymn to the Holy Spirit) was sung.
		Papal Conclaves – News about Conclaves and Papal Events (http://www.geocities.com/hashanayobel/papalinfo.htm)
		Hacking the Papal Election (http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/04/hacking_the_pap.html), about the security of the election process
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Papal_conclave,_2005 (1938 words)

	Papal Timeline
		The vast majority of popes carried out their sacred trust with grace and dignity; others were swept into corruption, division, political intrigue, and scandal.
		He was the first Dominican pope, the papal custom of wearing a white cassock probably originated with this pope.
		His papal motto was, "To restore all things in Christ." He is widely admired for lowering the age for First Communion to age seven.
	www.faithfirst.com /html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html (2164 words)

	info: PAPAL ELECTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bridging the East-West divide - In his first papal trip, to the Italian seaport of Bari, Benedict reinforced the theme of his sermon speculation upon Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger's election in April that he would use.
		of Cardinals just before the opening of the papal conclave, where he strongly spoke out against the 'dictatorship at an audience after his election that when it looked like he.
		Papal birthplace up for sale for EUR 1 million - MARKTL, GERMANY - With three days left before the deadline for tenders to buy the papal birthplace in the German town of Marktl, negotiations continued Friday with half a dozen potential buyers.
	www.topofthetop.net /Papal_election (6376 words)

	todos los papas
		Subió al trono papal apoyado por los opositores del Papa Formoso, murió 15 días después.
		Subió al trono papal por intriga de una de las varias sectas.
		249 -Pio VII (Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti): Cesena; Marzo 14 (21), 1800 - Agosto 20, 1823.
	www.buscabiografias.com /papas.htm (11787 words)

	list_of_papal_conclaves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		List of papal conclaves [ edit ] References Baumgartner, F. Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections.
		List of political parties M Marginal seat Multi-party system O Open list P Papal conclave, 1846 List of papal conclaves Papal election Party system Political party Political platform Political spectrum Polling...
		conclave, 1846 Papal conclave, 1963 Papal conclave, 1978 (August) Papal conclave, 1914 List of papal conclaves Papal conclave, 1978 (October) Papal conclave, 1903 Papal conclave, 2005 Papal election Pope John...
	list_of_papal_conclaves.networklive.org (305 words)

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