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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Papal conclave, 1846
		The conclave began on 14 June and had to elect a pope who would not only be head of the Catholic Church but also the head of state and government of the Papal States, the extensive lands around Rome and Northern Italy which the Catholic Church governed.
		It was the issue of the government of the Papal States that was to prove central to the 1846 conclave.
		Pope Pius IX was crowned with the Papal tiara on 21 June 1846.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Papal_conclave,_1846 (573 words)

	Papal conclave, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Papal conclave of 2005 was convoked due to the death of Pope John Paul II on April 2, 2005.
		Although there were 183 cardinals in all, cardinals over the age of 80 at the time the papacy fell vacant were ineligible to vote in the conclave according to rules enacted by Pope Paul VI in 1971 and modified slightly in 1996 by John Paul II.
		The cardinal electors listened to two exhortations to the conclave cardinals before passing on to the first election on the afternoon of April 18.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_conclave,_2005 (2094 words)

	Articles - Papal conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church.
		Gregory VII was the last to submit to the interference of the Holy Roman Emperors; the breach between him and the Holy Roman Empire caused by the Investiture Controversy led to the abolition of the Emperor's role.
		After the papal name is chosen, the officials are readmitted to the conclave, and the Master of Pontifical Liturgical writes a document recording the acceptance and the new name of the Pope.
	www.epsona.com /articles/Conclave (5285 words)

	Papal conclave, 1846 - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Papal conclave, 1846 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The death of Pope Gregory XVI on 1 June 1846 triggered off the Papal election of 1846.
		Fifty of the sixty-two members of the College of Cardinals assembled in the Quirinal Palace, one of the papal palaces in Rome and the seat of two earlier conclaves.
		He became the longest reigning pope since St. Peter, sitting on the papal throne for 32 years.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Papal-conclave-1846.html (644 words)

	Papal election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It was richly decorated by the famous Renaissance artist Michelangelo.]] A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope.
		The cardinals' exclusive right to elect the Pope was questioned during the Papal Schism that began in 1378.
		A vacancy in the papal office may also result from a papal abdication, though no pope has abdicated since Gregory XII in 1409.
	papal-election.iqnaut.net (5209 words)

	Papal conclave, 2005 - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Leading the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger.
		This was the first Papal election governed under canon law reforms made by John Paul II in his Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, promulgated on February 22, 1996.
		According to tradition and declaration of Camerlengo Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo, Benedict XVI is the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches (another accounting of papal history that includes the uncrowned and uninstalled Pope Stephen II reckons him the 266th pope).
	www.voyager.in /Papal_conclave,_2005 (2022 words)

	Papal election: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The term comes from the Latin (Latin: Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) phrase cum clave ("with a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the electors (electors: Any of the German princes who were entitled to vote in the election of new emperor of the Holy Roman Empire) during the process.
		The cardinals' exclusive right to elect the Pope was questioned during the Papal Schism (Papal Schism: the western schism or papal schism was a split within the catholic church in 1378]...
		Papal abdication (Papal abdication: papal abdication occurs in the roman catholic church when the pope resigns his office....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/papal_election (6697 words)

	College of Cardinals - The Papal Conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This form of papal election began in 1274 and is considered the third period in the historical evolution of choosing the successor to St. Peter.
		In the early Church, new Bishops of Rome were chosen in the manner customarily used in the other dioceses, that is, the clergy, with the people of the diocese, elected or chose the new bishop in the presence of the other bishops in the province.
		New legislation regarding papal elections and church government during a vacancy of the Holy See was promulgated by Pope John Paul II on Feb.
	www.osv.com /catholicalmanac/conclave.asp (884 words)

	Papal Claims and Papal Apologetics, 1854-1871
		Papal infallibility was most solemnly declared to be a matter on which each man might think as he pleased; the Pope's power to claim obedience was strictly and narrowly limited: it was expressly denied that he had any title, direct or indirect, to interfere in civil government.
		A vigorous promoter of the declaration of Papal Infallibility, Manning was stung by Gladstone's suggestion that it compromised the loyalty of English Catholics to their government.
		The Papal Court, with its huge majority of Italian Bishops, could make sure enough, when it came to the point, of carrying its wishes through the Council; what was far more dubious was the attitude of the foreign Governments especially those of France and England.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts3/info13.htm (6174 words)

	Orestes Brownson Society - Papal Conspiracy Exposed
		They think, also, that the papal power is more odious to the American people in the form in which we have presented it, than that in which some others present it.
		We act freely as Catholics from the faith we have received and the life that is in us, and the conduct which is often supposed to result from papal orders, clerical influence, or subtle policy is nothing nut the open and frank expression of the interior life common to all the faithful.
		The papal orders are much rarer than is commonly supposed; and much less is to be attributed to the personal influence of the clergy than is commonly imagined.
	www.orestesbrownson.com /list_files/print.php?id=89 (8434 words)

	Symbolism marks conclave's start - 4/18/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Conclave to begin: Bringing their suitcases and personal views on the future of the church, the cardinals who will select the next pope settled in their rooms Sunday in the Vatican hotel that will be their home until the world's 1.1 billion Roman Catholics have a new leader.
		The conclave starts today after the 115 red-robed cardinals join a formal procession into the Sistine Chapel, where efforts to maintain the secrecy of deliberations have included installing devices that foil sophisticated eavesdropping equipment.
		The chapel wasn't originally built for the purpose of electing popes; rather, it was to be a place where the pope could hold private Masses for the papal court and noble guests, said art historian Elizabeth Lev.
	www.detnews.com /2005/religion/0504/18/A01-153882.htm (1120 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		Two years later the papal chair, which had last been occupied by seven Oriental popes, was filled by a Roman, Gregory II, who was destined to oppose Leo III the Isaurian in the Iconoclastic conflict.
		The papal dignity sank to a still lower level under the nephew of John XIX, Benedict IX, whose elevation to the papal throne at the age of twenty was secured by his family through simony and violence.
		To protect itself against the remonstrances, Italy on 13 May, 1871, issued the so-called law of the Papal Guarantees (see GUARANTEES, LAW OF), which was to secure to the pope his sovereignty, the inviolability of his person, as well as the freedom of the conclave and of the œcumenical councils.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm (12122 words)

	SEDE VACANTE 1846
		TOMMASO CARDINAL RIARIO SFORZA (1782-1857), Patrician of Naples, was born at Naples, the tenth child and youngest son of Nicola Riario Sforza, third Duca Riario Sforza, sixth Marchese di Corleto, etc.; and Giovanna di Somma, daughter of Don Gennaro, seventh Principe del Colle, eighth Marchese di Circello.
		The Conclave of 1846 was a notably short one, lasting only two days.
		The Marshal of the Conclave was Prince Agostino Chigi, Mareschallus Perpetuus Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae [His medal: Mazio #916; Spink 2213].
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/SV1846.html (333 words)

	Papal election - Enpsychlopedia
		An occasion steeped in centuries-old tradition, this meeting of clergymen held to select the Pope is referred to as a conclave.
		The Secretary of the College of Cardinals, the Master of Papal Liturgical Celebrations, two Masters of Ceremonies, two officers of the Papal Sacristy and an ecclesiastic assisting the Dean of the College of Cardinals are also admitted to the conclave.
		Template:Papal conclaves 1800-2005 Template:Papal symbols and ceremonialbe:Канкляў da:Konklave de:Konklave Template:Link FA es:Cónclave eo:Konklavo fr:Conclave id:Konklaf it:Conclave he:קונקלווה hu:Konklávé nl:Conclaaf ja:コンクラーヴェ no:Pavevalg pl:Konklawe pt:Conclave ru:Конклав sk:Konkláve sl:Konklave sv:Konklav zh:教宗选举
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Conclave (5410 words)

	Papal Politics
		The papacy was hardly a static island in the swirl of European upheavals.
		Although he tried “to adapt the papacy to the political, intellectual, and social conditions of the modern world, the reinstatement of authoritarianism in the Papal States was inevitable, and a ‘government by priests’ followed his death” with the election of Leo XII in 1823 by the zelanti or hard-liners.
		This brief summary of papal history since 1800 shows that intolerance for modern political developments has been a standard feature of papal culture.
	davelbst.home.att.net /Essays/papal_politics.htm (1974 words)

	Papal Timeline
		The vast majority of popes carried out their sacred trust with grace and dignity; others were swept into corruption, division, political intrigue, and scandal.
		He was the first Dominican pope, the papal custom of wearing a white cassock probably originated with this pope.
		His papal motto was, "To restore all things in Christ." He is widely admired for lowering the age for First Communion to age seven.
	www.faithfirst.com /html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html (2164 words)

	Vidal urges faithful to pray for Conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		During the duration of the Conclave, the Cardinal electors and those called to assist in the orderly process of the election, are to be housed at the Domus Sanctae Martae that is within Vatican City State.
		The conclave that selected John XXIII had 58 cardinals, and Paul VI was chosen in a conclave of 80; the 1978 elections were carried out by 111 electors, a huge and unprecedented number.
		In the 1922 conclave, a stowaway photographer and a reporter attempting to masquerade as a waiter were discovered.
	www.thefreeman.com /local/story-20050411-29154.html (1499 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Papal conclave, 1903
		The Papal conclave of 1903 was caused by the death of the 93 year old Pope Leo XIII, who at that stage was the third longest reigning pope in history.
		the victor in the 1903 conclave, wearing the 1834 Papal Tiara of Pope Gregory XVI.
		Peter's Basilica rather than to the crowds outside to symbolise his opposition to Italian rule of Rome and his demand for a return to the Papal States.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Papal_conclave,_1903 (1030 words)

	Papal document information - recommendations from popeinfo.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Papal Document Focuses on Pederasty and Wrongdoing Involving...
		Church Documents - All papal documents are copyrighted by the Libreria Editrice Vaticana)...
		Perhaps finding recommendations from groups where people are discussing papal document might be of use like...
	www.popeinfo.info /papal_document.html (719 words)

	nbc6.net - News - Fact Sheet: Papal Names
		Pope Benedict XVI -- formerly Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger -- chose one of a number of papal names of holy origin.
		This happens while cardinals are still secretly meeting in conclave.
		The last completely new papal name was "Lando".
	www.nbc6.net /news/4393759/detail.html (438 words)

	Highs and lows of papal history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		New York - The pope who will be elected in the conclave that starts on Monday inherits an office of incredible mystique and lore.
		The Associated Press looked into some of the highlights and low points from nearly 20 centuries of papal history and came up with this list.
		FIRST POPE TO ASSUME A PAPAL NAME: John II (533), because he was named after the pagan god Mercury.
	www.news24.com /News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1691450,00.html (478 words)

	St Malachy's Prophecy of the Popes \| Catholic-Pages.com
		Apparently, in 1958, before the Conclave that would elect Pope John XXIII, Cardinal Spellman of New York hired a boat, filled it with sheep and sailed up and down the Tiber River, to show that he was "pastor et nautor", the motto attibuted to the next Pope in the prophecies!
		Hist.:Pius XI was the last Pope to reign over the Papal States (the middle third of what is today Italy).
		Since he is said to have remarked in the Conclave after saying he would take the name Benedict that it was partly to honour Benedict XV, a pope of peace and reconciliation, perhaps Benedict XVI will be a peacemaker in the Church or in the World, and thus carry the olive branch.
	www.catholic-pages.com /grabbag/malachy.asp (1527 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Papal conclave, 1846 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Or else, you can start by choosing any of the categories below.
		1 Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States
		Emperor Ferdinand of Austria's effort to veto Pius IX's election failed when his cardinal didn't get to Rome on time
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Papal_conclave,_1846 (732 words)

	Caritas - Papal Office - June 1999
		For those outside the Church all papal elections are null and void.
		In 1846 at La Salette Our Lady revealed that “Rome will lose the faith and become the seat of antichrist.” Rome is where the leaders and rulers of the Church generally reside.
		At bogus Council Vatican II, the bishops and cardinals made the reality of that private prophecy come true, namely, that “Rome will lose the faith and become the seat of the antichrist.” They became, like those in their Episcopal chairs today, the blind guides that lead the blind into the pit of hell.
	www.truecatholic.org /pope/car-199906.htm (3248 words)

	Jencius Coins - Papal Medals
		The numbers used in this list are from the F. Mazio Catalog and A Pictorial Catalogue of Papal Medals: 1417-1942 (“Pictorial Medal Catalogue”).
		The Pictorial Medal Catalogue includes medals which are mules (obverse and reverse differ from the original).
		1869 - Conclave in St. Peter’s Basilica - gold plated
	www.vaticancoins.com /Papal_Medals/papal_medals.html (721 words)

	Rerum Novarum
		:: On the Subjects of Papal Authority and Church History [>>>]
		:: On the Conclave and Papal Selections [>>>]
		:: Miscellaneous Morning Notes on the Conclave and the Selection of a New Pope --An Audio Post [>>>]
	rerum-novarum.blogspot.com /2005_04_10_rerum-novarum_archive.html (4825 words)

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