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Topic: Papilio polyxenes

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	BISON Species Account 212395 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Papilio polyxenes asterius is a resident on the Gray Ranch, Hidalgo County, NM.
		Papilio polyxenes, subspecies not specified, was sighted in the Organ Mts., Dona Ana County (Swengel and Opler, 1996) 11.
		COLORADO Papilio polyxenes, subspecies not specified, is verified in Colorado (Stanford and Opler, 1995) 06.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /states/nmex_main/species/212395.htm (651 words)

	Carrot Caterpillar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In most insects, including Papilio, the spiracle is equipped with a valve, under muscular control, that allows the animal to control evaporation from the tracheal system and thus is important in water conservation.
		In Papilio the fat bodies are conspicuous in the perivisceral sinus as seemingly amorphous white or yellow leafy sheets attached to the body wall and extending throughout the hemocoel.
		The brush border of microvilli of the absorptive mucosal epithelium is visible as a greenish-blue iridescent outline caused by the microvilli acting as a diffraction grating.
	www.lander.edu /RSfox/310PapilioLab.html (6561 words)

	Papilio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Papilio is a specialist wildlife and travel photo library, having been established for over 15 years...
		Papilio is 20 minutes walk from the mountain town where there is a cable car and an abundance of restaurants and...
		Papilio is a retailer of quality decorative hardware and an eclectic range of furniture and accessories in the UK.
	paintedladycaterpillar.fixtcaterpillar.com /papilio (943 words)

	Black Swallowtail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most of the chrysalises are green with a yellow back, but some of them have turned brown.
		polyxenes has a fl body with yellow spots along each side.
		The wings are fl, dorsal side, with two bands of yellow markings running down laterally.
	www.holoweb.com /cannon/black4.htm (241 words)

	DePauw U: NSF Research--Conditional Strategies--Relevant Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity in pupal colour and its adaptive significance in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polyxenes.
		Environmental control of pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionae): Battus philenor (L.) and Papilio polyxenes Fabr.
		Papilio phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes.
	www.depauw.edu /acad/biology/nsf/literature.htm (717 words)

	Black Swallowtail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Black Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes, is a butterfly found throughout much of North America.
		The Black Swallowtail has a wingspan of 3 1/4 inches to 4 1/4 inches (8 to 11 centimeters).
		In the Southwest USA, yellow forms predominate in the subspecies Papilio polyxenes coloro.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Swallowtail (161 words)

	PAUL P. FEENY - Publications
		From terpenoids to aliphatic acids: further evidence for late-instar switch in osmeterial defense as a characteristic trait of swallowtail butterflies in the tribe Papilionini.
		Quantification of contact oviposition stimulants for fl swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, on the leaf surfaces of wild carrot, Daucus carota.
		Umbellifer and composite feeding in Papilio: Phylogenetic frameworks and constraints on caterpillars.
	www.eeb.cornell.edu /feeny/feenypubs.html (578 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Less blue and less rapid than the Pipevine Swallowtail, the Eastern Black likes to flit among the vegetation, drifting and stalling again and again, until disturbed; then it takes off in a direct line, making it most difficult to pursue.
		A similar-looking species of the Missouri Ozarks, known as the Ozark Swallowtail (Papilio joanae) has dramatically different habits.
		Another related fl swallowtail, the Kahli Swallowtail (Papilio kahli), flies in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and may be a hybrid of the Old World Swallowtail.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=BU0121 (354 words)

	Mary A. Schuler Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Harrison, T.L., A.R. Zangerl, M.A. Schuler and M.R. Berenbaum (2001) Developmental variation in cytochrome P450 expression in Papilio polyxenes in response to xanthotoxin, a hostplant allelochemical.
		Wen, Z., L. Pan, M.R. Berenbaum and M.A. Schuler (2003) Metabolism of linear and angular furanocoumarins by Papilio polyxenes CYP6B1 coexpressed with NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase.
		Petersen, R.A., Zangerl, A.R., Berenbaum, M.R., and Schuler, M.A. (2001) Expression of CYP6B1 and CYP6B3 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and furanocoumarin metabolism in different tissues of Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
	www.life.uiuc.edu /plantbio/PlantBioWeb/FacultyPublications/SchulerPubs.html (620 words)

	Ayres Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By focusing on species that range from subtropical to arctic communities, we highlight a variety of thermal constraints and swallowtail adaptations to them.
		Alaskan Papilio canadensis caterpillars are capable of more rapid growth and molting at low temperatures than caterpillars from a Michigan population.
		Since the larval host species may determine the number of possible generations for polyphagous swallowtails, selective oviposition for host and exposure should be most advantageous in phenologically limiting areas.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~mpayres/pubs/abs19.htm (409 words)

	Codella's Publications
		Diurnal predation on roosting butterflies during inclement weather: A substantial source of mortality in the fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes (Lepiodptera: Papilionidae).
		Intersexual comparison of mimetic protection in the fl swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes: Experiments with captive blue jay predators.
		Comparative predation on male and female fl swallowtail butterflies (Papilio polyxenes) and its implications on mimicry.
	www.kean.edu /~scodella/Pubs.html (374 words)

	Papilio coloro in Utah
		The type locality of Papilio coloro is Whitewater Hill, west end of Coachella Valley, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California.; Wright, 1905.
		However, because of its differing habitat, adult morphology, and mature larval morphology, it is treated as a full species here.
		For years, locals used to refer to this butterfly as Papilio rudkini (rudkin's swallowtail), Ivanpah Mountains, San Bernardino County, California; Comstock, 1935.
	www.utahlepsociety.org /pcoloro.html (370 words)

	Lepidoptera.Net - Papilio polyxenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		More on Papilio polyxenes at USGS Northern Prarie Wildlife Research Center
		More Papilio polyxenes images at J. Adams' "Georgia Lepidoptera" site
		More Papilio polyxenes images at J. Flynn's "Georgia Butterflies" site
	www.lepidoptera.net /photos/polyxenes.html (78 words)

	A Selected List of Butterflies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Papilio thoas nealces ______ () CR,() PN (sl) (C:295)
		Papilio polyxenes stabilis ______ () CR, () GU (*) PN (AZ:9,11) (C:203)
		Papilio garamas abderus ______ (RG:35) (this subspecies sometimes called Abderus Swallowtail)
	www.focusonnature.com /CentralAmericaButterfliesList1Swallowtails.htm (988 words)

	MavicaNET - Swallowtails (Papilionidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This beautiful butterfly is regarded as a pest in citrus growing regions.
		Like the parsnip webworm, Papilio polyxenes, the fl swallowtail, feeds exclusively on plants that contain furanocoumarins, including wild parsnips, and also like the webworm, it copes with furanocoumarins via cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification.
		These Caterpillars hatch from cream coloured eggs, laid singly on the young shoots of the foodplant.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/hun/19311.html?sortby=8 (462 words)

	The Photography of D. Lamar Hawkins - powered by smugmug
		The Audubon Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders is the reference I use to identify and learn about these amazing creatures.
		Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes asterius) Huntsville, AL - 18 March 2006
		keywords: eastern butterfly fl swallowtail papilio polyxenes asterius
	dlamarhawkins.smugmug.com /gallery/693884/1/60854758 (119 words)

	Polymorphic alleles or diversified duplicates: Genotypic analysis of CYP6B1 variants from the black swallowtail, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Polymorphic alleles or diversified duplicates: Genotypic analysis of CYP6B1 variants from the fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes
		This arbitrary assignment does not address the question as to whether these variants are polymorphic alleles at the same locus or diversified duplicates at different loci.
		CYP6B1 is the major enzyme responsible for the exclusive feeding of fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes on plants containing toxic furanocoumarins; three variants for CYP6B1 (v1, v2 and v3) have been reported.
	esa.confex.com /esa/2004/techprogram/paper_17284.htm (241 words)

	Transcriptional regulation of the Papilio polyxenes CYP6B1 gene -- Prapaipong et al. 22 (15): 3210 -- Nucleic Acids ...
		Transcriptional regulation of the Papilio polyxenes CYP6B1 gene -- Prapaipong et al.
		Transcriptional regulation of the Papilio polyxenes CYP6B1 gene
		CYP6B1, which is expressed in Papilio polyxenes (fl swallowtail)
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/22/15/3210 (353 words)

	Metabolism of plant allelochemicals by cytochrome P450s from the black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Metabolism of plant allelochemicals by cytochrome P450s from the fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes
		This presentation is part of: Display Presentations, Section B. Metabolism of plant allelochemicals by cytochrome P450s from the fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes
		Metabolic data were further explained using molecular modeling and substrate docking analyses.
	esa.confex.com /esa/2004/techprogram/paper_17255.htm (244 words)

	Black swallowtail - Black Swallowtail - Papilio polyxenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Black Swallowtail(Papilio polyxenes), Swallowtails eNature.com is a free searchable nature and wildlife database.
		Shown below right is the Black Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes, another common The Black Swallowtail is one of the few pest butterflies: its caterpillar
		Information and pictures about the Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) butterfly including its full life cycle.
	luckyinternet.com /lknr/black-swallowtail.htm (395 words)

	HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Join HighBeam Research with a FREE 7-day trial, and get unlimited access to over 3,000 trusted publications.
		PAPILIO POLYXENES P- AMERICUS MALE - DORSAL(2 Of 2)
		Papilio polyxenes pseudo-americus is an unusual form of Papilio polyxenes that has very wide yellow bands.
	highbeam.com /doc/1P1:51741636/PAPILIO+POLYXENES+P-+AMERICUS+MALE+-+... (109 words)

	Swallowtails
		The other Papilionidae sub-families are Parnassiinae (mainly found in western North America) and Baroniinae.
		The Papilio genus, in fact, contains most of the most familiar butterflies on the East Coast of the US.
		Male Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus), Durham, 8/20/03.
	www.dpughphoto.com /papilioniidae.htm (202 words)

	Acclaim Images - pictures, stock photography and stock photos of papilio polyxenes asterius
		Acclaim Images - pictures, stock photography and stock photos of papilio polyxenes asterius
		prints and posters of papilio polyxenes asterius - clipart of papilio polyxenes asterius
		0187-0601-1715-5727: Eastern Black Swallowtail Butterfly (Papilio Polyxenes Asterius)
	www.acclaimimages.com /search_terms/papilio_polyxenes_asterius.html (116 words)

	Florida Nature: Papilio polyxenes - Eastern Black Swallowtail
		Florida Nature: Papilio polyxenes - Eastern Black Swallowtail
		Saint Cloud, FL Photo contributed by Pat Lamond
		Papilio polyxenes - This is the same caterpillar as in the above photo.
	www.floridanature.org /species.asp?species=Papilio_polyxenes (60 words)

	NatureServe Explorer Species Index: Genus Papilio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		LB, NB, NF, NS, QC Papilio brevicauda bretonensis
		MB, NB, NS, ON, PE, QC Papilio polyxenes asterius
		Distribution data for U.S. states and Canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon.
	www.natureserve.org /explorer/speciesIndex/Genus_Papilio_105511_1.htm (330 words)

	Webshots - Images of Butterflies, Excluding Skippers, New House
		Giant Swallowtail butterfly - Caterpillar #2 (Papilio cresphontes)
		Giant Swallowtail Butterfly - Caterpillar #3 (Papilio cresphontes)
		Giant Swallowtail butterfly - Caterpillar #4 (Papilio cresphontes)
	community.webshots.com /album/91050924vwZhsB (86 words)

	Caterpillars Photo Gallery by Crocodile at pbase.com
		5th instar of a Black Swallowtail -- Papilio polyxenes
		3rd instar of a Black Swallowtail -- Papilio polyxenes
		4th instar of a Black Swallowtail -- Papilio polyxenes
	www.pbase.com /crocodile/caterpillars2004 (203 words)

	Hartman Prehistoric Garden - Papilio polyxenes (Black Swallowtail)
		Hartman Prehistoric Garden - Papilio polyxenes (Black Swallowtail)
		The green color blends in well with living plants, but if the stems die then only the angular shape hides the pupa.
		class: Insecta / order: Lepidoptera / family: Papilionidae / genus: Papilio / species: polyxenes
	www.hartmanprehistoricgarden.com /sa-papilio_pol.html (325 words)

	black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) @ IPM Images
		fl swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) @ IPM Images
		Insecta (Hexapoda) > Lepidoptera > Papilionidae > Papilio polyxenes Fabricius
		IPM Images is a joint project of The Bugwood Network and
	www.ipmimages.org /browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=201 (66 words)

	Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes) Photographic Print at AllPosters.com
		Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes) Photographic Print at AllPosters.com
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	www.allposters.com /-sp/Eastern-Black-Swallowtail-Papilio-Polyxenes_i1101397_.htm (80 words)

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