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Topic: Papilledema

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	InteliHealth:
		Some important causes of increased pressure from cerebral spinal fluid and papilledema are brain tumors and brain infections, such as a brain abscess, meningitis or encephalitis.
		When papilledema is severe, small red spots from local bleeding or spotty color changes on the retina from accumulated debris or from damaged retina cells may be seen.
		Papilledema causes each eye to have a wider blind spot near the nose, and it narrows the peripheral (edge) vision.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10463.html (1304 words)

	Papilledema: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		Papilledema is a swelling of the optic nerve, at the point where this nerve joins the eye, that is caused by an increase in fluid pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure).
		Papilledema is a swelling of this nerve where it meets the eye (the optic disc) caused by an increase in intracranial pressure.
		Papilledema is caused by an increase in the pressure of the fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that is present between the brain and the...
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/papilledema (176 words)

	Pseudotumor cerebri
		Papilledema is the swelling of the Optic Nerve as it enters the back of the eye.
		When Papilledema is severe, small red spots from local bleeding or spotty color changes on the retina from accumulated debris or from damaged retina cells may be present.
		Papilledema results in a wider blind spot for each eye (near the nose), and it narrows the peripheral vision.
	groups.msn.com /pseudotumorcerebri/papilledema.msnw (995 words)

	eMedicine - Papilledema : Article by Joseph Giovannini, MD
		Papilledema may be absent in cases of prior optic atrophy.
		As the papilledema continues to worsen, the nerve fiber layer swelling eventually obscures the normal disc margins and the disc becomes grossly elevated.
		Acute papilledema exhibits increased dilation of the peripapillary capillaries with late leakage of the dye.
	www.emedicine.com /OPH/topic187.htm (1684 words)

	papilloeddema
		Papilledema is a, non-inflammatory passive swelling of the optic disc, produced by raised intra-cranial tension (ICT).
		Papilledema (due to raised ICT) is one of the causes of "disc-edema", and they are not synonymous.
		If papilledema is due to intracranial cause then anti-edema measures and the underlying causes have to be detected and treated (ATT for tuberculoma, withdrawal of oral contraceptives, withdrawal of antipsychotics, removal of intracranial SOL or shunting of associated hydrocephalus etc).
	www.thamburaj.com /papilloedema.htm (2327 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - OPTIC DISC EDEMA & PAPILLEDEMA
		Papilledema, a specific form of disc edema resulting from elevated intracranial pressure, generally exhibits a minimal acuity deficit, but may demonstrate transient visual obscurations associated with postural changes.
		Papilledema is not a primary neural inflammation but rather a direct sequela of elevated intracranial pressure.
		The treatment of papilledema and its underlying causes may be medical or surgical, depending upon the disorder.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/sect6b.htm (848 words)

	Optic-Nerve Swelling (Papilledema) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Symptoms related to papilledema are caused by the increased pressure and include headache and nausea with vomiting.
		When papilledema is severe, small red spots from local bleeding or spotty color changes on the retina from accumulated debris or from damaged retina cells may be present.
		Papilledema results in a wider blind spot for each eye near the nose, and it narrows the peripheral (edge) vision.
	www.health.am /diseases/more/optic_nerve_swelling_papilledema (1294 words)

	Papilledema \| AHealthyMe.com
		Papilledema is caused by an increase in the pressure of the fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that is present between the brain and the skull, inside the head.
		A diagnosis of papilledema is achieved by visual examination of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.
		Treatment of papilledema is generally aimed at the treatment of the underlying disorder that is causing papilledema.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic103549282 (585 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Papilledema is usually seen after the limb weakness and is associated with elevated CSF protein.We are aware of only one report of GBS in which pseudotumor cerebri has been documented and the CSF protein was normal.
		In the earlier reported cases the papilledema was an asymptomatic feature and was detected only during the routine examination of the optic fundus, but in the index case this progressed to a near total visual loss.
		Morley JB, Reynolds EH : Papilledema and the Landry - Guillain Barre Syndrome.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ni02145 (1182 words)

	eMedicine - Papilledema : Article by Joseph Giovannini, MD
		Papilledema may be absent in cases of prior optic atrophy.
		As the papilledema continues to worsen, the nerve fiber layer swelling eventually obscures the normal disc margins and the disc becomes grossly elevated.
		Acute papilledema exhibits increased dilation of the peripapillary capillaries with late leakage of the dye.
	emedicine.com /OPH/topic187.htm (1768 words)

	Ophthalmic Hyperguide. Neuro-ophthalmology: Papilledema
		Papilledema is a condition that is usually reflected in both eyes as bilateral disc edema.
		Patients with papilledema require an urgent evaluation because elevated ICP may be caused by a process that, if not reversed, may lead to death or serious neurological sequelae.
		Disc edema is usually associated with elevation of the optic nerve head, although not all cases of optic nerve elevation are secondary to swelling (Slide 2).
	www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com /Tutorials/neuro/papilledema/tutorial.asp (5548 words)

	Physicians & Students/ Papilledema
		It is useful to characterize the changes in the optic nerve head that occur in papilledema as being mechanical or vascular in nature.
		Even more specific are the transient obscurations of vision, usually described as monocular or binocular flouts, that last 3-4 seconds and most often occur as the patient arises from the recumbent position to sitting or standing.
		Papilledema may produce visual blurring because of enlargement of the blind spot and adjacent retinal folds or edema; the blurring usually is reversible.
	www.eyeweb.org /papilledema.htm (263 words)

	Papilledema Information on Healthline
		Diuretic drugs combined with a weight reduction program may be useful in cases of papilledema that are caused by an abnormally high production of cerebrospinal fluid.
		With prompt medical care to treat the underlying cause of papilledema, a person affected with papilledema will not have permanent damage to his or her eyesight.
		However, prolonged papilledema can result in permanent damage to the optic nerve which could lead to blindness.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/papilledema (587 words)

	IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL
		When the papilledema grade and visual field grade of the left and right eyes were taken into consideration it was found that they were not different from each other proving out that both eyes are affected equally from the disease process.
		The CSF pressure was not correlated with the papilledema grade or with the visual field grade.
		The papilledema grade was not significantly correlated with the visual field grade or with Snellen visual acuity.
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/2000/NBD08600.html (2608 words)

	The Eyes Have It: Acquired Systemic Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Papilledema is the term reserved for a swollen optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure.
		Papilledema is nearly always found in both eyes, although the swelling may be asymmetric.
		The disc swelling is the result of a slow-down in axoplasmic flow from the retina to the lateral geniculate body.
	www.kellogg.umich.edu /theeyeshaveit/acquired/papilledema.html (155 words)

	Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - Long-term evolution of papilledema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The presence or not of papilledema in IIH can be related to the period in which the diagnosis is accomplished.
		In both patients herein described, improvement of the papilledema was verified even in the presence of intracranial hypertension with daily chronic headache and pulsatile tinnitus.
		We believe that this pattern might be related to the fact that the retrograde axoplasmatic flow and anterograde axoplasmatic flow of the optic nerve behave distinctly during the different phases of this condition, mainly when oscillations of the intracranial pressure occur.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2002000300021&lng=en&nrm=iso (2374 words)

	EyeNet, The Case of Colored Lights and Fleeting Vision
		Uveitic neuritis is in the differential diagnosis and may be associated with inflammatory signs elsewhere in the eye and may also produce ocular pain and photophobia.
		Papilledema caused by hypertensive optic neuropathy is generally accompanied by hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, narrowed arterioles and dilated veins.
		The frequency of follow-up visits is determined by the severity and chronicity of the papilledema.
	www.aao.org /news/eyenet/200510/am_rounds.cfm (1175 words)

	Papilledema: Optic Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Papilledema is a condition in which increased pressure in or around the brain causes the optic nerve to swell where it enters the eye.
		A spinal tap is performed to measure the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid.
		Papilledema that occurs as a result of pseudotumor cerebri can be treated with weight loss and a diuretic.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec20/ch235/ch235b.html (295 words)

	Ophthalmic Hyperguide. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Papilledema
		Marked peripheral field constriction due to chronic papilledema is shown on perimetry.
		Bilateral papilledema in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri.
		Three different stages of papilledema in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri.
	www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com /tutorials/neuro/papilledema/slides.asp (329 words)

	AskPhysicians.com Bulletin Board (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Papilledema does not affect vision initially but the normal blind spot is enlarged.
		In general, papilledema is not a common diagnosis in children and it sounds like your ophthalmologist is proceeding in the correct direction in the work up.
		The term papilledema is often used to describe a swollen optic nerve and, in and of itself, is non specific.
	www.askphysicians.com /cgi-local/forums.cgi?display=thread&id=7053&forum=54&interface=0 (861 words)

	Papilledema
		Papilledema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure.
		As the optic nerve sheath is continuous with the subarachnoid space of the brain (and is regarded as an extension of the central nervous system), increased pressure is transmitted through to the optic nerve and this leads to edema of the cells of the optic disc.
		Checking the eyes for signs of papilledema should be carried out whenever there is a clinical suspicion of raised intracranial pressure.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Pa/Papilledema.html (488 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Papilledema - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Papilledema : swelling of the optic disk, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins.
		Papilledema is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Papilledema, or a subtype of Papilledema, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/papilledema_printer.htm (222 words)

	Papilledema definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Papilledema: Swelling of the head of the optic nerve, a sign of increased intracranial pressure.
		The optic nerve head, also called the optic disk or papilla, is the area where the optic nerve (the nerve that carries messages from the eye to the brain) enters the eyeball.
		The finding of papilledema is made with the ophthalmoscope (the instrument that shines light through the pupil illuminating the retina while the doctor looks through it).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4757 (181 words)

	Medical Treatment of IIH Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor cerebri) - U I Health Care
		The mean time to improve one papilledema grade was about 4 months in patients with weight loss compared with about 1 year in patients without weight loss.
		Papilledema resolved in 28/38 patients with weight loss compared with 8/20 without weight loss.
		Following the patient’s papilledema (which reflects the mean intracranial pressure) is a superior index of the mean intracranial pressure.
	webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu /dept/IIH/pc-medical-tx.htm (2237 words)

	AAPOS
		Drusen on the surface of the optic disc may be mistaken for more serious causes of optic nerve elevation, such as papilledema.
		Papilledema refers to a condition of optic nerve swelling from elevated pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid.
		Since the optic nerves are part of the central nervous system, such elevated pressure may be transmitted to the optic discs (the visible portion of the optic nerve when someone looks through the pupil to the back of the eye).
	www.aapos.org /displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=86 (474 words)

	Accuracy of papilledema and pseudopapilledema detection: a multispecialty study Journal of Family Practice - Find ...
		[5,6] Papilledema from increased intracranial pressure is a hallmark of intracranial tumors and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
		To ensure that the slides were of good quality and represented papilledema and nonpapilledema, and to grade the severity of the papilledema, three neuro-ophthalmologists, each with 19 or more years of experience in neuro-ophthalmology (mean 24.6 years), viewed the slides without knowledge of the answers.
		The expert panel was asked to classify the stereophotographic slides of papilledema as acute or chronic papilledema, and to indicate whether there was mild, moderate, or marked severity of papilledema.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_n4_v33/ai_11492538 (733 words)

	Papilledema : Part 1
		Recognition of papilledema and the proper interpretation of its etiology falls primarily to the ophthalmologist.
		If blurring is first noted on the temporal side of the disc, you should consider some local process like a juxtapapillary choroiditis, tumor or vascular process like in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) or occlusive vascular disease.
		They are best seen with the direct ophthalmoscope as the examiner moves the light back and forth over the temporal edge of the disc.
	telemedicine.orbis.org /bins/volume_page.asp?cid=1-13-161-225 (637 words)

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