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Topic: Papua (Australian territory)

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	Facts
		I have been conducting awareness rallies and workshops throughout Papua for the Papuan people, who were ignorant of the fact that they were Australian citizens by birth, educating and explaining the history, the policies and the laws that had governed the Australian Territory Papua since 1884.
		1884 Papua annexed by the colony of Queensland.
		Australian citizens living in New Guinea before 1975, who had children born there, had to register their children as Australian citizens or if a German couple had a child born here in Papua New Guinea, the child would be an Papua New Guinea by birth.
	www.angelfire.com /jazz/sony/facts.htm (2788 words)

	Papua New Guinea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Papua New Guinea is a wild, rugged region, with limited communications; the climate is tropical.
		Papua, the southern section of the country, was annexed by Queensland in 1883 and the following year became a British protectorate called British New Guinea.
		Occupied by Australian forces during World War I, it was mandated to Australia by the League of Nations in 1920 and became known as the Territory of New Guinea.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/PapuaNew.html (505 words)

	History of Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Following the passage of the Papua Act of 1905, British New Guinea became the Territory of Papua, and formal Australian administration began in 1906.
		Papua was administered under the Papua Act until it was invaded by the Japanese in 1941, and civil administration suspended.
		Papua New Guinea’s currency, the Kina, has been eroding in value and the pressure on it continues, with capital flight and frustrated development partners (and subsequently reduced aid flows) exacerbating a declining situation.
	www.historyofnations.net /oceania/papuanewguinea.html (1188 words)

	Territory of Papua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Territory of Papua was a de facto Australian possession comprising the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea, existing from roughly 1902 to 1949.
		In 1902, Papua was effectively transferred to the authority of the new British dominion of Australia.
		Post-war, the Papua and New Guinea Act (1949) united the Territory of Papua and the Territory of New Guinea as the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, which later became the fully independent Papua New Guinea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papua_(Australian_territory) (511 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - Papua New Guinea
		The territories were combined and called the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.
		Papua New Guinea is referred to as a sociolinguistic tiger due to her diversity in the Pacific.
		The country is bordered on the north by the Bismark Sea; on the east by the Solomon Sea; on south the Coral Sea; the Gulf of Papua; and the Torres Strait; and on the west by the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya.
	www.raceandhistory.com /worldhotspots/papua.htm (593 words)

	Transport - Papua New Guinea - Australia railways 19th Century & 1914 on ...
		Australian railways generated the engineering and operational skills necessary for a modern industrial society and developed an ethos among railway families as a way of life.
		Australian attitudes to tropical agriculture in Queensland and Papua were shaped in the sugar fields.
		Australian attitudes to tropical agriculture and the role of coloured labour were shaped in the canefields of Queensland.
	www.pngbuai.com /300socialsciences/transport/railaust19c1.html (3934 words)

	New Guinea
		The Territory of Papua was an Australian possession comprising the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea, existing from roughly 1902 to 1949.
		Papua is a province of Indonesia comprising part of the western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands (see also Western New Guinea).
		The name West Papua is preferred among nationalists who hope to separate from Indonesia and form their own country (the region was promised a referendum on independence from the Netherlands).
	www.shortopedia.com /N/E/New_Guinea (520 words)

	Historical Flags (Papua New Guinea)
		The Australian External Territory of Papua, consisting of the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea.
		The Territory of Papua was the southern half of present day Papua New Guinea, and was first controlled by the British from 1884-1906, when it officially was transfered to Australian control.
		The Territory of New Guinea was the northern half of present day Papua New Guinea and was first controlled by the Germans from 1885-1914/15, when Australian military forces took control.
	www.fotw.net /flags/pg_his.html (594 words)

	Will Papua New Guinea Become a 'Failed State'? - Global Policy Forum - Nations and States
		Papua New Guinea's population is expected to double to nearly 10 million by 2025.
		Although Papua New Guinea has not been identified as a major target for transnational criminal activity, a small but significant firearms-for-marijuana trade across the Torres Strait has already contributed to the corrosive effects of rising crime and violence in Papua New Guinea's major towns and its highland region.
		Infant and maternal mortality rates in Papua New Guinea are closer to those of sub-Saharan African countries than to the rest of the Asia-Pacific region.
	www.globalpolicy.org /nations/sovereign/failed/2003/0408papua.htm (952 words)

	An Introduction to Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea occupies the eastern half of the rugged tropical island of New Guinea(which it shares with the Indonesian territory of Irian Jaya) as well as numerous smaller islands and atolls in the Pacific.
		The central part of the island rises into a wide ridge of mountains known as the Highlands, a territory that is so densely forested and topographically forbidding that the island's local peoples remained isolated from each other for millennia.
		Papua New Guinea's climate is tropical, as one would expect in a country located just south of the Equator.
	www.geographia.com /papua-newguinea (262 words)

	Papua New Guinea Forum - Battle of Isurava recalled - with Malum Nalu
		Few Australians or Papua New Guineans seem to know the tremendous story of courage and tenacity at Isurava, but it is hoped that some will take the time to learn about it, especially after the Australian Prime Minister’s visit.
		Australian and Papua New Guinean servicemen fighting along Kokoda were the last line of defence against enemy invasion.
		Whatever the estimate among historians of the immediate and medium term gains and losses for the Australians at Isurava, the courage and determination of those involved was in the finest traditions of Australian soldiers in battle.
	www.pngbd.com /forum/printthread.php?t=6397 (1020 words)

	A short history of Papua New Guinea
		The latter becomes a British colony in 1888 and in 1906 British New Guinea is passed to Australia as the Territory of Papua.
		Following the surrender of the Japanese in 1945, civil administration of Papua as well as New Guinea is restored, and under the Papua New Guinea Provisional Administration Act, 1945-46, Papua and New Guinea are combined in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.
		Papua New Guinea has a history of changes in government coalitions and leadership from within parliament during the 5-year intervals between national elections.
	www.electionworld.org /history/papua.htm (718 words)

	Wikinfo \| Papua
		The Indonesian province of Papua, formerly Irian Jaya, covers the western part of New Guinea and shares its eastern border with Papua New Guinea.
		Papua provides considerable revenue to Indonesia through the licensing of exclusive mineral rights to the Freeport Corporation since 1967.
		With a large oil deposit found in 2001, it is claimed by critics that some governments continue to have a considerable motivation to veto any initiatives in the UN to review human rights violations or the wish of the Papuan people for self determination.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Papua (765 words)

	Papua refugees get Australian visas - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
		SYDNEY The Australian government said Thursday that it had granted temporary visas to dozens of Indonesian asylum-seekers, a move that risks straining relations with Jakarta.
		Vanstone said the 42 people would be transferred from Christmas Island, a remote Australian territory in the Indian Ocean used as a holding camp for asylum-seekers, to Melbourne.
		Papua was integrated into Indonesia in 1969 after a referendum in Papua, since dismissed as a sham.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/03/23/news/papua.php (298 words)

	Australian Museum Collections - Pacific - Papua New Guinea: Collecting - or stealing?
		Lake Murray and Kaimare village, Papua New Guinea.
		In 1922-1923, photographer Frank Hurley led an expedition to the Australian Territory of Papua.
		The expedition members spent most of their time at Kaimare on the Purari River delta, where they were allowed to see the private area of the men's house where sacred objects were stored.
	www.amonline.net.au /collections/pacific/stealing.htm (362 words)

	Both sides must face it - the Papua problem is not going away \| WestPAN: Canada's West Papua Action Network
		Dozens of Indonesian non-government organisations and Papua support groups have been telling the Jakarta elite loudly and clearly, for the past eight years, about "reform", that Papua is being betrayed again, as it was under the Dutch and under Indonesia's Soeharto regime.
		Papua is far from Java; Indonesia has trouble focusing on it, but reform will eventually prevail under Yudhoyono.
		He said a few years ago that Australia had always supported Papua's incorporation in the Indonesian republic, while Australia's ambassador in Washington, Dennis Richardson, has recently informed the world that "Papua is part of the sovereign territory of Indonesia and always has been".
	www.westpapua.ca /?q=en/node/437 (810 words)

	BRIEFING re: call on Kofi Annan to review the UN's conduct in relation to the Act of 'Free' Choice in West Papua in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		However, Dutch policy in West Papua was strongly opposed by Indonesia’s President Sukarno who claimed that, as a former part of the Dutch East Indies, the territory was Indonesian.
		They proposed to hand the territory over to a UN administration that would remain until the population was considered ready to exercise their right to self-determination.
		While the UN had urged Australia as early as 1962 to adopt universal suffrage in Australian New Guinea (now the independent state of Papua New Guinea), Ortiz Sanz accepted Jakarta’s argument that the West Papuans were “too primitive” to cope with a referendum.
	www.westpapua.net /action/03/afc-briefing.htm (2677 words)

	History of New Guinea - Papua New Guinea Scuba Diving Adventure - the Highlands to the Islands
		During World War I the Australian army occupied the German colonies and during World War 2 the Japanese captured the former German colonies before being evicted by United States and Australia armed forces.
		By various Acts of the Australian Parliament the administration of the Australia territory of Papua and the trust territory of New Guinea were integrated into one administration.
		Papua New Guinea became an independent nation on September 16, 1975 and Michael Somare the nation's first Prime Minister.
	www.papuanewguinea.net /History.html (343 words)

	Books fr. University Papua New Guinea Press 1995-1997 and Back List Publications
		Papua New Guinea is commonly thought to be a land without railways.
		Another sub category of such an ideology is the Papua New Guinea manufactured ﾒWantokﾓ system, where economic conditions were determined by ﾒ having a wantok at the right place and landing a jobﾓ.
		The chapters on what Papua New Guinea could or can do to reduce the high illiteracy rate among its two million illiterates should motivate th e nation to revise policies and propose realistic action plans for the implementation of some of the recommendations.
	www.pngbuai.com /000general/publishers/papuanewguinea/pngpubs01.html (5588 words)

	Papua Shootings: 4 May Be Dead in 'Reprisal' Attack by Indon Security Forces
		The political nature of their flight from Indonesia was highlighted by a banner strung on their canoe that accused Indonesia of "genocide" in West Papua, a former Dutch colony that Indonesia took over in the 1960s.
		Australian media reports said Indonesian officials were allowed to meet with the Papuans before they were moved to Christmas Island, but no details of the encounter were made public.
		Indonesia won sovereignty over Papua, which was then called West Irian, in 1969 after the UN allowed an integration referendum with a public show of hands by a few hundred hand-picked tribal leaders.
	www.etan.org /et2006/january/14/21papua.htm (901 words)

	USCRI
		Most of the refugees and asylum seekers are Indonesian refugees from Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya), an Indonesian province that shares the island of New Guinea with Papua New Guinea.
		Australians officials took him to Manus islands after he reached the Torres Strait Island by boat and asked for asylum.
		The Australians refused to grant him asylum on the ground he did not formally apply for protection while on Australian soil.
	www.refugees.org /countryreports-redir.aspx?country=Papua_New_Guinea (201 words)

	Wagawaga an Experiment in Oceanic Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		WAGAWAGA is a village of two hundred and seventy people on the south shore of Milne Bay, in the Australian Territory of Papua.
		Except in Papua and New Guinea, where the immensity of the country permits the development of several crops, the only important export crop is copra.
		But it also gives an opportunity for the development of a new community with a firm basis in agriculture, yet commanding a rising standard of living by means of related industry, and retaining, through smallness in size, a sense of community.
	www.anthropologising.ca /papua/southeast/wagawaga.htm (1924 words)

	Papuan "crisis" sparks debate over Australian intervention
		In effect, any refugees that land in their boats on Australian territory, even the mainland, will be denied all rights to apply for asylum.
		In mid 2003, Australian troops, police and officials were deployed to take over the Solomon Islands, and police and officials have been sent to take key government posts in Fiji and Papua New Guinea.
		Some of the most explicit calls have come from the Australian Greens, who articulate the interests of those sections of the Australian corporate elite that are eying Papua.
	wsws.org /articles/2006/apr2006/pap-a14.shtml (1631 words)

	West Papua News - The Newsletter of West Papua Action - No. 7 January 2000.
		Outside West Papua, the Netherlands government has agreed to re-examine the transfer of West Papua to the Indonesian military in the 1960s, the consequences of which have manifested themselves in an estimated 150,000 deaths and untold suffering for the Papuans;
		If the question of West Papua is not tackled and brought back to the United Nations for re-examination, the United Nations will continue to be brought into disrepute.
		The president of the West Papua New Guinea National Congress, Mr Michael Kareth is quoted as saying that the name change 'counts for nothing'.
	westpapuaaction.buz.org /newsletter/no7.htm (1520 words)

	Papua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Papua Region, one of four regions of Papua New Guinea
		Papua (Australian territory): A former Australian-administered territory comprising the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea
		Papua (Indonesian province): An Indonesian province comprising most of the western half of the island of New Guinea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papua (144 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Oceania - Papua New Guinea - Historical Highlights
		Archeological evidence indicates that humans arrived on New Guinea at least 60,000 years ago, probably by sea from Southeast Asia during an Ice Age period when the sea was lower and distances between islands shorter.
		The term 'New Guinea' was applied to the island in 1545 by a Spaniard, ÃÃ±igo Ortiz de Retes, because of a fancied resemblance between the islands' inhabitants and those found on the African Guinea coast.
		Papua was administered under the Papua Act until the Japanese invaded the northern parts of the islands in1941 and began to advance on Port Moresby and civil administration was suspended.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/pp/Papua_New_Guinea_history_summary.htm (1073 words)

	The OPM, Online Papua Mouthpiece, Voices from West Papua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Wahid since last week he released all 64 political prisoners from West Papua, who were imprisoned due to their political ideology and activities under the umbrella of Free Papua Movement (OPM).
		Meanwhile, another peaceful demonstration was held in Jakarta, by hoisting West Papua flag in the House of Representative's building and submitting the demand from Papua Students Alliance.
		The reporter is an Australian who received accounts from an Indonesian army, who reported to the journalist very much based on his own misinterpretation and misrepresentation of the Melanesian tribal people.
	www.westpapua.net /news/00/01/JAN01~1.HTM (3638 words)

	West Papua Action - Latest News
		This time, the public demonstration which was joined by students from the mountain areas of Central Papua was held on the grounds of the offices of the Papuan governor in the provincial capital of Jayapura a day after a demonstration was held at the offices of the Papuan provincial parliament, also in Jayapura.
		As a result of the lateness of the Papua provincial council in meeting with the demonstrators they became emotional and it was apparent that the situation was becoming heated and slightly out of control.
		He reaffirmed that to bring lasting peace and security in West Papua, the issue of self-determination and independence of the people of West Papua and review of the conduct of the UN in relation to the Act of "Free Choice" in 1969 must be given central attention in any new UN reform program.
	westpapuaaction.buz.org /latest-news-archive/jan-dec2004.htm (8687 words)

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