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Topic: Papua New Guinea kina

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	Papua New Guinea Scuba Diving Adventure - the Highlands to the Islands
		While missionaries discourage the Hulis from dressing up and performing their spirit dances, a new breed of traveler is coming to New Guinea to celebrate the beauty of these indigenous cultures.
		Modern skyscrapers and highways are a recent addition to the landscape, and the new international and domestic airports are certainly a welcome addition.
		The island of New Britain is separated from the mainland of Papua New Guinea by about one hundred kilometers.
	www.papuanewguinea.net /NiuginiAdventure.html (2055 words)

	Papua New Guinea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Papua New Guinea or PNG, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is occupied by the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Irian Jaya).
		Papua New Guinea is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state.
		Papua New Guinea is one of the few regions close to the equator that experience snowfall, which occurs in the most elevated parts of the mainland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papua_New_Guinea (3770 words)

	Papua New Guinean kina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The kina was introduced on 19 April 1975, replacing the Australian dollar at par.
		The name comes from the kina shell, which was traditionally used as currency in New Guinea.
		For earlier currencies used in Papua New Guinea, see New Guinea pound and New Guinea mark.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_kina (166 words)

	History of Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The term "New Guinea" was applied to the island in 1545 by a Spaniard, Ynigo Ortis de Retez, because of a fancied resemblance between the islands' inhabitants and those found on the African Guinea coast.
		Papua was administered under the Papua Act until it was invaded by the Japanese in 1941, and civil administration suspended.
		Papua New Guinea’s currency, the Kina, has been eroding in value and the pressure on it continues, with capital flight and frustrated development partners (and subsequently reduced aid flows) exacerbating a declining situation.
	www.historyofnations.net /oceania/papuanewguinea.html (1188 words)

	Transformation: Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea's economy is dual in nature, including asmall formal economy and a much larger informal economy where subsistence farming accounts for the bulk of economic activity.
		Papua New Guinea is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state.
		In Papua New Guinea it is not uncommon for a member of parliament to be elected as an independent and then join half a dozen political parties before the next election.
	www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de /118.0.html?&L=1&L=0 (7634 words)

	Papua New Guinea travel guide - Wikitravel
		Papua New Guinea (known popularly as 'PNG') - the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (which is the second largest island in the world) - was divided between Germany ('German New Guinea') and Great Britain ('British Papua') in 1884.
		Papua was owned by England but administered by Australia - and thus a colony of a colony - until Australian independence, when in 1906 it became an Australian colony.
		During World War II New Guinea was the site of fierce fighting on land (at Buin and on the Kokoda trail) and sea (at the Battle of the Coral Sea) - it was the first place in the war where the Japanese advance was checked and then reversed.
	wikitravel.org /en/Papua_New_Guinea (2319 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election.
		Geologically, New Guinea is the northern extension of Australia, separated only by a shallow continental shelf that has served as a land bridge when sea levels were lower, particularly in the ice ages.
		Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure.
	creekin.net /n145-papua-new-guinea.html (3575 words)

	Scuba Dive Papua New Guinea (PNG) - Diving Papua New Guinea - Scuba Dive Travel New Guinea, Dive Adventures
		Papua New Guinea, situated north of the Continent of Australia and south of the Equator, is the tail end of a string of islands spilling down from South East Asia into the Pacific.
		Papua New Guinea comprises of a remarkable collection of islands, atolls and coral reefs scattered around it's coastline.
		Papua New Guinea is also home to several liveaboard vessels that conduct diving expeditions to the more remote wreck diving and snorkelling sites.
	www.diveadventures.com /pages/destinations/PNG/index.htm (744 words)

	Port Moresby and the Bush: Papua New Guinea’s first post-independence decade
		Under this agreement Papua New Guinea was to receive a total of $A1400 million with annual grants declining by three per cent per annum and a further two per cent per annum being shifted from general budgetary assistance to programme aid.
		The impact of further reductions in Australian aid is of particular concern to the Papua New Guinea government in view of warnings from the IMF concerning the growth of the country’s external public borrowing.
		There is within Papua New Guinea, even at the highest political levels, a good deal of emotional sympathy with the position of the Melanesians of Irian Jaya, who are seen as having been denied their independence and having fared poorly under a repressive regime.
	epress.anu.edu.au /sspng/ch02.html (4970 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea’s legal system is based on English common law.
		Papua New Guinea Kina (1 USD = 3.43053 PGK as of May 15, 2002).
		The national youth wage, for new entrants into the labor force between 16 and 21 years of age, is set at 75 percent of the adult minimum wage.
	www.erieri.co.uk /freedata/HRCodes/PAPUA_NEW_GUINEA.htm (1179 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea is a federal multiparty parliamentary democracy.
		The ECP met with some initial success, but in May the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court ruled that immunity of AFP officers from prosecution in local courts, which had been a condition of the ECP, was unconstitutional.
		New elections in those districts, financed by Australia and accompanied by very little violence, were held successfully in April 2003.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61623.htm (4971 words)

	Bankintroductions.com - PAPUA NEW GUINEA
		The new government is continuing with privatization policies and is trying to stabilize the fiscal budget deficit position.
		At that time, the kina was pegged to the USD at par and stayed at that valuation except a one time 10 percent devaluation until 1995 when the kina was then floated.
		When compared to regional currencies such as the New Zealand dollar trading at 54 US cents and the Australian dollar presently at 58 US cents, the kina should trade in a range that is at a discount of say 25 percent to these larger more mature and wealthier economies.
	www.bankintroductions.com /papua.html (1590 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea occupies the eastern part of the world's second largest island and is prey to volcanic activity, earthquakes and tidal waves.
		Papua New Guinea had to deal with separatist forces of its own on the island of Bougainville in the 1990s.
		Radio is an important medium in Papua New Guinea, a country with widely-scattered, isolated settlements and low levels of literacy.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1246074.stm (682 words)

	Papua New Guinea - Money (moni)
		The currency of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is made up of Kina (keena) and toea (toya) with 100 toea equal to One Kina.
		The Kina was introduced on the 19th of April 1975.
		The Kina was so named because in Tok Pisin (neo-melanesian) and in the Kuanua language it referred to the valuable pearl shell used widely in the Highlands as traditional money.
	www.michie.net /pnginfo/moni.html (508 words)

	Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Front: The Coat of Arms of Papua New Guinea at centre left, with a dominant feature of the bird of paradise, from the family of Paradisaeidae.
		Front: The Coat of Arms of Papua New Guinea at centre left, with a dominant feature of the bird of paradise; they live in forests and frequent the high treetops or lower scrub.
		Head-dresses and masks from the Bainings (East New Britain), the Orokolo (Gulf Province), the Huli (Southern Highlands Province), the Tubuan (East New Britain Province), and West Sepik and Malagan (New Ireland Province) at right.
	www.polymernotes.org /simplified/PNG.htm (503 words)

	DCR Assigns Sovereign Rating to Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		NEW YORK, Jan. 27 /PRNewswire/ -- Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Company (DCR) has assigned a 'B+' (Single-B-Plus) long-term foreign currency rating and a 'BB-' (Double-B-Minus) long-term local currency (Papua New Guinea kina) rating to Papua New Guinea (PNG).
		Furthermore, the depreciation of the kina by 60 percent since 1991 has raised the burden of external debt (though almost 90 percent of public external debt is concessional).
		Issuers of news releases and not PR Newswire are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/01-27-1999/0000855934 (893 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		New Guinea and some of Papua were invaded by Japanese forces in 1942.
		In 1997, Papua New Guinea's government hired South African mercenary soldiers to fight on Bougainville in order to end the long-running crisis, but this action led to massive demonstrations and the mercenary contract was rescinded.
		Papua New Guinea: History - History Papua, the southern section of the country, was annexed by Queensland in 1883 and the...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107875.html (912 words)

	PAPUA NEW GUINEA
		Papua New Guinea occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, just north of Australia, and many outlying islands.
		The eastern half of New Guinea was first visited by Spanish and Portuguese explorers in the 16th century, but a permanent European presence was not established until 1884, when Germany declared a protectorate over the northern coast and Britain took similar action in the south.
		Papua New Guinea was invaded by Japanese forces in 1942.
	www.postcourier.com.pg /misc/aboutPNG.htm (541 words)

	Currency in Papua New Guinea
		Divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is fl with five, white, five-pointed stars of the southern cross constellation centered.
		Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of new guinea between the coral sea and the south pacific ocean, east of indonesia.
		The Papua New Guinea kina and toea (100 toea = 1 kina) are the only legal currency in the country.
	www.pickatrail.com /jupiter/currency/papua_new_guinea.html (162 words)

	South Pacific Tourism Organisation - Papua New Guinea PNG Accommodation Activities Calendar Photo Gallery
		Papua New Guinea sia country of wild beauty, of breathe taking landscapes and of fascinating flora and fauna.
		Papua New Guinea is a country rich in natural resources but its wealth of tradition, beauty and history is unparalleled in the Pacific.
		Papua New Guinea has the biggest land mass of all the island nations of the region, covering 465,000 km2 and includes some 600 islands, atolls and coral reefs that guard the nations coastline and unites 200 different and distinct cultures and over 800 different languages.
	www.spto.org /destinations/png/index.shtml (291 words)

	Papua New Guinea Kina and Papua New Guinea currency information including currency exchange rates
		The Kina, denoted by PGK, is the national currency of Papua New Guinea.
		Papua New Guinea's political system is a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy.
		Papua, however, still faces economic challenges as Prime Minister Michael Somare attempts to gain further investor confidence, continue efforts to privatize government assets, maintain the support of Parliament, and balance relations with Australia.
	www.gocurrency.com /countries/papua_new_guinea.htm (487 words)

	Asian Development Outlook 2005 - Papua New Guinea - ADB.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		On a regional basis, the most worrying outcome in 2004 was the decline in employment in the two rural regions (Momase and the Highlands) that together hold approximately three quarters of the poor in Papua New Guinea.
		This drop was largely attributable to the lagged effects of currency appreciation in late 2003 and, in 2004, the combined effect of higher commodity prices and tighter fiscal management on the exchange rate, which appreciated further (with the latter damped by central bank intervention).
		An overall budget deficit of 1.0% of GDP is targeted for 2005, and is to be funded by domestic borrowing, with the Government continuing to shift the debt balance from short- to longer-term securities.
	www.adb.org /Documents/Books/ADO/2005/png.asp (2634 words)

	::: Papua New Guinea Expedition :::
		Spain "relinquishes" its claim on New Guinea to Holland and England in the Treaty of Utrecht.
		The boundary between the Dutch-controlled western New Guinea and British-controlled southeastern New Guinea is established at 141ºE longitude, with the exception of a slight westward curve of the Fly River.
		Due to effects of global warming, it is determined that the Duke of York atoll is slowly sinking.Papua New Guinea authorities announce that the 1,000 inhabitants of the atoll must relocate.
	sio.ucsd.edu /png/expedition/timeline.cfm (946 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea (PNG), which comprises some 1,000 tribes and over 800 distinct languages in a population of about 4 million, has a federal parliamentary system, based on universal adult suffrage with periodic free and fair elections.
		The Board made a determination in 1992, which is still valid, that reduced the minimum wage for newly hired urban workers to the level of the minimum wage for rural workers.
		Also in 1992, the national youth wage, for new entrants into the labor force between 16 and 21 years of age, was set at 75 percent of the adult minimum wage.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eap/index.cfm?docid=759 (3921 words)

	Kina - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Papua New Guinea’s gross national product is about US$3,256 million a year, equivalent to US$560 per head (World Bank estimate; 2004).
		Essentially all chemical reactions in living cells are catalysed (or 'accelerated') by specific proteins called enzymes.
		- currency of Papua New Guinea: the main unit of Papua New Guinean currency
	au.encarta.msn.com /Kina.html (76 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		1884 Partition of New Guinea agreed by Netherlands,
		Japanese Commanders of Occupied New Guinea and Papua
		Full style of the ruler: "Queen of Papua New Guinea and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth."
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Papua_New_Guinea.htm (1405 words)

	counproftemp
		From 1996 the effect of a devalued kina was reflected in reduced meat imports and especially beef and sheep meat.
		In the Eucalyptus, Melaleuca and Acacia savannas in south-central and south-west Papua Themeda is the main grass with sub-dominant Heteropogon, Cymbopogon and Dicanthium.
		Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 36(1): 40-53.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/png.htm (4703 words)

	Papua New Guinea map and information page by World Atlas
		Europeans first arrived in Papua New Guinea in the 16th century, and it was subsequently settled in the 19th century by both the Germans and British.
		Papua New Guinea includes the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, and the island of Bougainville, itself still (politically) part of the Solomon Islands.
		The central core of the main island is mountainous with deep, green valleys dotted with mysterious and remote villages.
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/oceania/pg.htm (392 words)

	Papua New Guinea Update
		And talking of railroading through mining, the ambitious project for exhaustive geological surveys, both in the highlands and seas around Papua New Guinea, shows how serious the industry and government are to ensure mining is central to the PNG economy.
		Papua New Guinea has launched two huge new geological surveys which, it hopes, will provide the information to spark a whole new generation of mining and resource development.
		GARRETT: The Papua New Guinea Government is a shrewd and sophisticated player in the mining and resource world.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press999.htm (3141 words)

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