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Topic: Papuans

	Papuans - LoveToKnow 1911
		But Papuans of mixed blood are found throughout the island (unless the Karons be of Negrito stock), and from Flores in the west to Fiji in the east.
		Later scientists have endeavoured to identify the Papuans with the Negritos of the Philippines and the Semangs of the Malay Peninsula.
		The Papuan woman, who is, as a rule, more modest than the Polynesian, is the household drudge, and does the greater part of the outdoor work, but the man assists in clearing new gardens and in digging and planting the soil.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Papuans (3361 words)

	CCTS No 28 : West Papua conflict and its effects
		In 1969, the population of 800,000 was predominantly Papuan.
		Papuans suffer the denial of Papuan cultural identity, expression and traditional land rights, and suffer from a psychological repression resulting from ‘the presumption of incompetence’ and generally being looked down on by the migrants.
		Third, the Papuans should be empowered to describe how they experienced the crimes against them and what needs to be done for them to feel that their wounds are healed; and they further need to be engaged as participants in a ‘problem-solving’ process.
	www.c-r.org /ccts/ccts28/west-papua.htm (1725 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Papuans in Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Papuans reside in the area of western New Guinea, or West Papua, formerly known as the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya.
		Insurgency is curbed by the difficulties of communication due to geographic constrains of the area, chronic shortages of supplies and equipment, disagreement among diverse groups of the movement.
		The West Papuans have long resented the presence of the immigrants, whom they consider as main beneficiaries of the economic development of the island, and dominating force of commerce and industry, as well as land appropriation, and the security forces of the area.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=85005 (837 words)

	Time to Heal Wounds in West Papua - Council on Foreign Relations
		As Melanesians, Papuans are ethnically distinct from the rest of Indonesia.
		Papuans believe that Jakarta has robbed them of their cultural and political rights with impunity.
		Papuan leaders warn that if their cause continues to be ignored or met with force, they can neither control the overall population nor be held responsible for the actions of the independence movement's most militant factions.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=4240 (1251 words)

	[No title]
		Papuanisation programme was carried out in which the Papuans were prepared to take over the power from the Dutch.
		Conflict between the Indonesians and the Papuans There is a sporadic physical conflict between the Papuans and the Indonesians in West Papua.
		The west papuans and the indonesians should be in the position to solve their intra-nation tensions and conflicts.
	www.irja.org /politics/tension.txt (1539 words)

	Minorities At Risk (MAR)
		Besides West Papuans’ demand of independence, West Papua will remain an area of insurrection if Jakarta continues to exploit the province’s natural resources, while neglecting the area’s development, West Papuans’ life, and the conflict between the settlers and the indigenous group.
		OPM remains the center spirit of the West Papuans and a major problem between Jakarta and Papua New Guinea (PNG), as the island interior's border has become the locus of OPM activity and the significant influx of West Papuan refugees continues each year.
		The West Papuans have long resented the presence of the immigrants, whom they consider as main beneficiaries of the economic development of the island, and dominating force of commerce and industry, as well as land appropriation, and the security forces of the area (ECDIS 00= 4).
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/idspapua.htm (638 words)

	[No title]
		It is ironic that while Papuans in villages complain about the lack of medicine and medical personnel, the health agency spent millions of rupiah to purchase fitness equipment to be used by a handful of people in the cities.
		The Papuans are challenged to accept each other with their own uniqueness and to treat each other like fellow human beings.
		On the other hand, the majority of Papuans are not ready to accept all of that in a critical way, but they cannot refuse that either with a reason of being unprepared.
	www.irja.org /politics/editorial.txt (1280 words)

	[Kabar-Irian] (no subject) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Reconciliation among Papuans is a long process which could be much more fruitful if a neutral third party were given the chance to attempt, without seeking to impose his or her own terms, to enable the parties to resolve their differences.
		The Papuan delegation displayed a self-deprecatory side to their character in freely admitting that they had much to learn in combating disorganisation among their own ranks.
		Local Papuans should be trained: the lack of educated manpower is a major obstacle which churches in particular should seek to overcome.
	www.kabar-irian.com /pipermail/kabar-irian/2003-January/000107.html (7029 words)

	West Papua: A Grassroots Perspective on Micro-enterprise Development and Civic Participation
		This has resulted in the Papuans becoming second-class citizens in their land especially in regards to employment and economic status, and denigration of Papuan culture and psychological self-worth, leading to a high level of animosity towards the Indonesian government, Indonesians and multinationals.
		Nico Wanggai was a part of a pro-independence group of Papuan intellectuals who held a non-violent demonstration with the raising of the West Papuan flag in December 1988.
		Papuans develop the skills to be able to compete against the Buginese and Makassans who control 80% of the small businesses in West Papua - therefore strengthening their economic security.
	www.asiasource.org /asip/papua.cfm (2036 words)

	Divide and who rules? - Inside Indonesia 78
		The immediate stimulus was the violence between pro- and anti-partition Papuans, and between anti-partition Papuans and pro-partition non-Papuans, in Timika in August 2003, surrounding the inauguration of the province of Central Irian Jaya.
		Papuan nationalism is fuelled by Papuans’ sense of having lost control of their homeland and having become marginal to Papua’s political and economic life.
		Papuan nationalism of the early 1960s was stimulated by the struggle between Indonesia and The Netherlands for control of their homeland.
	www.insideindonesia.org /edit78/p04-6_chauvel.html (1943 words)

	Western Papuans a forgotten people - Green Party
		It is to be “given authority and power to protect the rights of native Papuans under the mandate of respect for culture and tradition, empowerment of women and the maintenance of a community rich in religion”.
		I talked to Papuan members of the provincial parliament who are doing their best to get the $US200 million dollars of “special autonomy” money provided by Jakarta spent on health and education rather than big infrastructural projects.
		To pursue their own agenda, Papuans need to get the military out of their face, and this is where we can help, because the military doesn’t like the glare of international attention on its human rights violations.
	www.greens.org.nz /searchdocs/other8648.html (1085 words)

	Labor supports Coalition on asylum for Papuans \| The Nation \| The Australian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Australian revealed last week that the 43 Papuans who arrived in a dugout canoe in January, and were granted asylum on the grounds they faced repression from Indonesian authorities, had been selected to ensure their successful applications and create a precedent.
		Papuan activists have now signalled they are organising another boatload to make the trip to Australia.
		John Howard has vowed to closely scrutinise Papuan applications for asylum, and Immigration Minister Amanda Vanstone has hinted at other measures to be taken if the actions of the Papuan asylum-seekers are deemed not to be in Australia's national interest.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /common/story_page/0,5744,20527090^2702,00.html (419 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Papua: Another East Timor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Intensifying Indonesian military and militia activities—aimed at derailing Papuans’ nonviolent self-rule efforts—threaten to destabilize Papua and the region.
		Papuans had no say in the agreement, which brought an end to Dutch sovereignty and established a temporary UN administration.
		Papuans widely view Freeport as a foothold of Indonesian control over their lands and have unrelentingly protested the human rights abuses and environmental degradation associated with the company’s operations.
	www.fpif.org /fpiftxt/293 (2647 words)

	West Papuans fear Genocide
		Papuans are largely excluded from the benefits of these natural resources and they experience few opportunities to receive an education or gain access to basic health services.
		West Papuans share more in common with their Melanesian neighbours just across the border in Papua New Guinea than they do with the Javanese migrants who also bring their religion of Islam to a largely Christian part of Indonesia.
		Papuan women are extremely vulnerable to the exploits of occupying military personnel, particularly in remote regions.
	jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/13590.htm (2457 words)

	Indonesia: Violence And Political Impasse In Papua - The Context: Emergence Of The Independence Movement And The ...
		Peaceful Papuan flag-raisings, which had been broken up under Soeharto and Habibie, were now permitted and were held without police interference in at least a dozen places in Papua on December 1, 1999.
		The congress was preceded by a large meeting of Papuans from across the province in February 23-26, 2000, called the Great Consultation (Musyawarah Besar, or commonly, the Mubes).
		The Mubes was significant as the first time representatives of the Papuan community had been allowed to meet as a single body and discuss their concerns openly.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2001/papua/PAPUA0701-03.htm (2781 words)

	Fixing Papua’s history? - Inside Indonesia 79 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An independent academic study on the decolonisation of Indonesia, concentrating on the Papuan case, may have a disastrous effect on the welfare of Papuans as well as on relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
		Papuans who were critical of the Indonesian authorities were first called colonial collaborators, and later separatists.
		Many Papuans are convinced that a historical inquiry could strengthen their position, and open the way for more effective lobbying for a UN review of the Act of Free Choice.
	www.serve.com /inside/edit79/p23-24_duim.html (1567 words)

	Indonesia: Human Rights And Pro-Independence Actions In Papua, 1999-2000 - Background
		Papuans widely and repeatedly protested the manner in which the Indonesian government had, in their view, ceded traditional lands and other resources belonging to Papuan communities to foreign and other non-Papuan investors and to Indonesian immigrants, including hundreds of thousands of non-Papuan settlers supported by the Indonesian government's official transmigration programs.
		Papuans have continued to insist that these government policies and practices made them virtual strangers and second class citizens in their own land by destroying independent indigenous governance structures, livelihoods, cultures, and the social fabric, and by displacing the Papuan population through immigration and other state-sponsored schemes.
		Giay explained that the fear was strongest among Papuans in areas where the army was active, but that a climate of fear prevailed even for those in urban areas.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2000/papua/Pap004-02.htm (2660 words)

	Op-Ed: Papuans and Zulus
		I had come under attack in the press and elsewhere for a remark I was alleged to have made about the Zulus and the Papuans.
		A gold miner in Alaska watching an early film and running at the screen to hit the villain with his shovel is my favorite illustration of this low-level bondage to actuality.
		Preliterate societies have their own kinds of wisdom, no doubt, and primitive Papuans probably have a better grasp of their myths than most educated Americans have of their own literature.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/00/04/23/specials/bellow-papuans.html (1134 words)

	PAPUANS (Malay pap4wah... - Online Information article about PAPUANS (Malay pap4wah... (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		PAPUANS (Malay pap4wah or puwah-puwah, " frizzled," " woolly-haired," in reference to their characteristic hair-dressing)
		Die Negritos der Philippinen (1878), holding that the Negritos and Papuans are identical, and that possibly, or even probably, the former are an offshoot of the latter, like some other Polynesian islanders.
		BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org.cob-web.org:8888 /PAI_PAS/PAPUANS_Malay_pap4wah_or_puwah_.html (4939 words)

	Papua Genocide of a Chn People
		Papuans are politically marginalised, racial tension and religious intolerance have flourished, and Islamic Indonesian culture dominates.
		Papuans, often Christian leaders, are frequently killed by the TNI, who are constantly trying to provoke retaliation that could be claimed to justify a full scale massacre against the 'separatist threat'.
		The TNI terrorises Papuans from helicopters, shooting civilians, burning villages and churches, and forcing thousands to flee their homes and hide in the jungle where they die of starvation, illness or injury.
	across.co.nz /PapuaGenocide05.html (709 words)

	INDONESIA: Conflict intensifies in West Papua - 2 December, 2000
		Papuans now fear that the Kopassus strategy is to start ethnic conflict between Papuans and the Indonesian transmigrants who have come to the province either as government-sponsored or self-sponsored settlers.
		Papuans are being falsely accused again of starting ethnic unrest, and the army is strengthening its presence to deal with the situation.
		According to reports from Jayapura, both Papuans and transmigrants are discarding knives and other traditional weapons in favour of home-made guns and even imported automatic weapons.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2000dec2_indonesia.html (1689 words)

	CNN.com - Separatist a martyr to Papuans - November 19, 2001
		Theys' death is expected to galvanize the disparate tribal groups, armed rebels, and various political movements in the remote and sprawling province of some 2 million people who seldom stand together in unity.
		"Theys was the idol of the young generation of Papuans because they felt he could articulate their aspirations for independence," Papuan Frans Maniagasi, executive-secretary of Sabang, Merauke, a local human rights group, told CNN.
		Papuans and analysts warned it was crucial that the government investigate, uncover and bring the killers to justice if it were to regain the trust of the Papuans and ease separatist tensions.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/11/19/papua.chew (590 words)

	Nonviolent Activist, July-August 1996
		Although West Papuans were not included in the negotiations leading up to the New York Agreement, the pact was sanctioned by the United Nations and the world community.
		In addition to the military resistance, the West Papuans often use nonviolent and cultural tactics--and are met with violence.
		In 1984, for example, West Papuan anthropologist Arnold Ap was killed by Indonesian troops after a ceremonial raising of the West Papua flag in Jayapura, the capital.
	www.warresisters.org /nva796-3.htm (2466 words)

	Solidarity South Pacific - News - Papuans shut down Freeport mine
		There are also reports of sabotage inside the mine itself by Papuan employees whilst Papuan students in Jakarta showed solidarity by invading the Freeport offices there and smashing the windows and the offices.
		Papuan tribal leader Benny Wenda, who now lives in exile in Britain, says that urgent action is needed now, before the situation gets worse.
		Papuans who work in the mine have gone on strike in solidarity with those protesting outside, and the waters of the river Aikwa are flowing clean for the first time in years, now that the mine's waste pipeline is smashed.
	www.eco-action.org /ssp/news/24020601.html (1212 words)

	First give West Papuans a human welcome - Eureka Street
		But what is known about the management and policies of the Freeport mine, the practises of the Indonesian army in other times and places, and the fears of local inhabitants, suggest serious grounds for concern.
		The treatment of the first West Papuan asylum seekers was exemplary in its focus and execution.
		But subsequent decisions to hold one of the asylum seekers on Christmas Island, to assist the Indonesian navy in patrolling the West Papuan coast, and to apply the Pacific solution for all on-shore applicants for asylum, however, made the dignity of asylum seekers subservient to a compliant relationship with Indonesia.
	www.eurekastreet.com.au /article.aspx?aeid=557 (1752 words)

	Papuans tortured, Jakarta admits - National - theage.com.au
		SOME Indonesian soldiers had raped and tortured Papuans, Defence Minister Juwono Sudarsono has conceded, but he claimed the Australian Government had been "persuaded" that a boatload of 43 Papuan asylum seekers should be returned.
		The Papuan asylum seekers, who include pro-independence activists and their families, arrived in northern Australia last month after a five-day voyage in an outrigger canoe.
		Australian Immigration officials have determined that the Papuans potentially have genuine refugee claims and are continuing to process their cases.
	www.theage.com.au /news/national/papuans-tortured-jakarta-admits/2006/02/06/1139074168676.html (468 words)

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