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Topic: Papuan languages

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	Austronesian Languages - ninemsn Encarta
		The languages of Australia (Aboriginal languages) and most of New Guinea (Papuan languages), however, are not part of this family.
		The 237 Western Oceanic languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Indonesia.
		In general, the Austronesian languages use affixes (suffixes, infixes, prefixes) attached to base words to modify the meaning or to indicate the function of the word in the sentence.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553922/Austronesian_Languages.html (645 words)

	Language - MSN Encarta
		In northern Asia there are a number of languages that appear either to form small, independent families or to be language isolates, such as the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family of the Chukchi and Kamchatka peninsulas in the far east of Russia.
		The Austronesian languages, formerly called Malayo-Polynesian, cover the Malay Peninsula and most islands to the southeast of Asia and are spoken as far west as Madagascar and throughout the Pacific islands as far east as Easter Island.
		Languages of the Algonquian and Iroquoian families constitute the major indigenous languages of northeastern North America, while the Siouan family is one of the main families of central North America.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570647_5/Language.html (1273 words)

	Languages & Writing Systems - Crystalinks
		Language is a system of conventional spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, communicate.
		Languages of the Finno-Ugric family, such as languages of the Sami (Lapp) and Baltic-Finno groups (e.g., Sami, Finnish, and Livonian), are spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.
		The languages of North Asia are those spoken from the Arctic Ocean on the north to South Asia and China on the south and from the Caspian Sea and Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
	www.crystalinks.com /languages.html (2691 words)

	Endangered Languages of the Pacific Region
		Papuan languages are still found in parts of Indonesia, including Northern Halmahera and the islands of Pantar and Alor and central and eastern Timor in the Province of Nusa Tenggara.
		A pidgin language is formed from elements of the grammar of both contributing languages, though the pidgin languages tend to be looked down upon from the perspective of the more dominant of the two parent languages.
		Papuan languages range from those with substantial speaker populations, including Enga, Chimbu (Kuman), and Dani, which are spoken by well over 100,000 people, to endangered languages such as Abaga with 5 speakers (150 according to Wurm [1982]), Makolkol with 7 (unknown according to Wurm), and Sene with under 10.
	www.elpr.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp /essay/sakiyama.htm (2876 words)

	Papuan Languages of New Guinea
		Most of the Papuan languages are spoken on the island of New Guinea which is divided between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (PNG).
		One Papuan language is spoken in the eastern Torres Straits.
		The official languages of Papua New Guinea (PNG) are Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, and English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/papuanLanguages.html (501 words)

	50. Relatives in Papua-NewGuinea
		After testing their new method on a group of the Austronesian languages and discovering that it produced useable results, the linguists (ref. 1) applied it to a group of languages that had been classified as Papuan but that could not be further related to each other by conventional methods..
		Each of these languages seems to have developed in isolation for rather a long time and their vocabulary had developed too far apart for any relationship to be established by conventional linguistic means.
		Moreover, the languages show a remarkably high degree of geographical patterning by island group - which can only mean that they have developed over a long period in their present location and in relative isolation.
	www.andaman.org /BOOK/chapter50/text50.htm (1012 words)

	Notes on Oceania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They introduced new languages of the Austronesian linguistic family whose roots are thought to have originated in the island of Formosa, now called Taiwan.
		Papuan languages generally place the verb at the end (subject-object-verb) whereas Austronesian languages use the same subject-verb-object order as most European languages.
		Papuan languages are also distinctive by their small number of phonemes (Rotoka, a Bougainville Papuan language has only 5 vowels and 6 consonants!).
	berclo.net /page02/02en-notes-oceania.html (2596 words)

	Oceanic languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Papuan languages are spoken on the island of New Guinea, which is sometimes considered a part of Melanesia.
		The Papuan languages are native to the people of New Guinea.
		When the area of Oceania is extended to include Australia and Malaysia, indigenous languages of the Australian group spoken in Australia (see Australian languages) may be added to the Malayo-Polynesian stock (predominating in Malaysia as well as in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) as tongues of this region.
	www.bartleby.com /65/oc/Oceanicl.html (228 words)

	Oceanic subgroups
		The Oceanic languages are members of the Austronesian language family, a language family which, until the advent of European exploration and settlement of the 'New World', had spread out across a considerably larger proportion of the earth than had any other language family.
		Austronesian languages are spoken from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island in the east, and from Taiwan and Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south.
		He maintains that speakers of languages outside the Western Oceanic group migrated from the area in which POC was spoken, and that the languages of the Western Oceanic group evolved by a process of dialect differentiation from that point on.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/Work/Oceanic_guide.html (5840 words)

	The Papuan Languages of New Guinea - Cambridge University Press
		This introduction to the descriptive and historical linguistics of the Papuan languages of New Guinea provide an accessible account of one of the richest and most diverse linguistic situations in the world.
		The Papuan languages number over 700 (or 20 per cent of the world's total) in more than sixty language families.
		The Papuan Languages of New Guinea will be of interest not only to general and comparative linguists and to typologists, but also to sociolinguists and anthropologists for the information it provides on the social dynamics of language content.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521286212 (251 words)

	Papuan Language Families and Genera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		non-Austronesian) languages of New Guinea, the Solomons, and eastern Indonesia.
		The classification here is more in line with the level of conservativeness found in Ethnologue for languages in other parts of the world.
		The list here includes only those languages which appear on at least one map in the forthcoming World Atlas of Language Structures or are ones for which I have identified some materials available that provide at least some morphological or syntactic information about the language.
	linguistics.buffalo.edu /people/faculty/dryer/dryer/papuan (341 words)

	Malcolm Ross: publications and papers
		The Batanic languages in relation to the early history of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of Austronesian.
		Malcolm Ross and Stacy Fang-ching Teng, Formosan languages and linguistic typology.
		A genetic classification of Oceanic languages in Bougainville and the western Solomons.
	rspas.anu.edu.au /linguistics/projects/mdr/mdrpubs.html (2125 words)

	Languages : Other Families
		This is similar to the languages of the Bantu Branch of the Niger-Congo languages in Africa.
		The TL consonant is typical of the language.
		Most of the Papuan languages are spoken by a few thousand people and are little known.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_other.html (1202 words)

	Dictionary and Grammar of the Language of Sa'a and Ulawa, Solomon Islands, by Walter G. Ivens (1918)
		The Polynesian languages on their side have a large and varied use of prepositions and there is much nicety in the use of them; this is partly owing to the distinction in the sense of a and o already mentioned, a being used as active and o as passive.
		The language of the island of Florida, where the seat of government of the Solomons is situated and where there is a vigorous and a Christian population, if taken up by the Government might be made to serve for all the eastern islands.
		In "Melanesian Languages" it has been proved conclusively, by evidence produced from languages of Melanesian stock, that the personal pronouns are the same in all the Oceanic languages, also that the interrogatives are radically the same throughout and have similar uses.
	anglicanhistory.org /oceania/ivens_dictionary_app03.html (6998 words)

	Oxford University Press
		The first aim of this anthology is to illustrate the variety of resources that Austronesian and Papuan languages offer their speakers for referring to space.
		The languages here described are spread from madagascar to Tonga, and there are many differences between them.
		There are, howver, striking parallels between the kinds of systems that languages offer and their speakers employ when referring to space.
	www.oup.com /ca/isbn/0-19-823647-6 (409 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Australian & Papuan
		You have reached the page for Australian and Papuan languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		The languages comprising the Papuan family are found in New Guinea and on the adjacent islands.
		The Papuan languages are numerous and are only now beginning to be studied; linguists have established at least ten branches so far, but have not fit all the Papuan languages into one of these.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/austpaph.htm (649 words)

	Missing link found in Papuan languages \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		The grammar-derived network correctly assigns all languages to their respective archipelagos, showing that it has picked up the relatedness to be expected from geography.
		Although all the non-Austronesian languages in the region are called Papuan, they do not have much in common with each other because time has erased most of their common vocabulary.
		Merritt Ruhlen, a colleague of Greenberg's, criticized Dunn's team for calling the languages of the region "a group of hitherto unrelatable isolates," since Greenberg had related them on the basis of their shared vocabulary and with much the same result as the grammar-based method.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20051012/news_lz1c12linguis.html (872 words)

	Bridging Seven Hundred Solitudes: Tok Pisin
		But Papuans have chosen to remake that language in their own image, in effect colonising the language of their colonisers, with fascinating results.
		In fact, as members of disparate language communities intermarry and raise children, first-language Tok Pisin speakers are multiplying.
		A few holdouts still insist that Tok Pisin is "baby talk," but Father Francis Mihalic, Roman priest and one of the most widely-recognised and -published Tok Pisin scholars, points out that French, Italian, Rumanian, and sibling traditions were excoriated as "dog Latin" for generations before their legitimacy was universally recognised.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/world_languages/57639 (419 words)

	OFNB - Field Note Books - Oceania - Arthur Capell (1902-1986), Guide to Records
		Dialect of Austronesian language Sissano, spoken east and west from the coastal town of Malol, north coast, West Sepik Province, PNG.
		A dialect of the Papuan language Kwanga on the Yimi River, East Sepik Province, PNG.
		A dialect of the Papuan language Abelam, southeast of the Torricelli Mountains, East Sepik Province, PNG.
	www.paradisec.org.au /fieldnotes/OFNB.htm (650 words)

	Maluku and Melanesia (a)
		With regard to the Papuans, or the Non-Austronesians in general, of Melanesia and Indonesia (particularly the North Halmaherans of North Maluku and the Oirata of East Nusatenggara), the so-called Indo-Pacific hypothesis of Greenberg, which assumed them and some other groups to form a common stock, has not been substantiated so far.
		Papuan languages of Melanesia is typically of Austronesian origin, deriving from Proto-Austronesian *Berek "domesticated pig".
		A high degree of linguistic diversity in a region within the distribution area a language family is a relatively reliable indication for the place of original homeland of the family.
	www.irja.org /anthro/malmel.htm (1677 words)

	UH Press Journals: Oceanic Linguistics, vol. 41, no. 1 (2002)
		Age grading of self-reported proficiency in the Pasifika languages indicates the differing degrees to which they are undergoing shift or maintaining their standing.
		The East Papuan languages are thought to be the descendants of the lan-guages spoken by the original inhabitants of Island Melanesia, who arrived in the area up to 50,000 years ago.
		In particular, we seek to discern similarities between the languages that might call for closer investigation, with a view to establishing genetic relatedness between some or all of the languages.
	www.uhpress.hawaii.edu /journals/ol/OL411.html (1414 words)

	Language in Netherlands New Guinea/Irian Jaya/West Papua
		They apparently spoke a language of the Austronesian family related to languages of the Philippines and the Indonesian archipelago.
		This early language is labeled Proto-Oceanic: from it are descended the languages of central and eastern Micronesia and Polynesia; the languages of the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia; and many of the languages of coastal eastern New Guinea, adjacent islands, and much of the Bismarck Archipelago.
		The mixing may have taken place largely within the zone of the Bismarcks prior to the settlement of the islands to the southeast (although the exact process and relative contributions of these historical populations is debated).
	www.vanderheijden.org /ng/language.html (586 words)

	Papua New Guinea - Languages
		The first International Conference on New Guinea Languages and Linguistics was organized jointly by the Universities of Cenderawasih (Irian Jaya, Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea (PNG), and held at the University of Cenderawasih in Jayapura from 28 August to 2 September 1995.
		The Department of Linguistics in the Research School for Pacific and Asian Studies is a major centre for research on the indigenous languages of the Pacific Islands and Island Southeast Asia.
		The languages within the scope of the journal, probably numbering over a thousand, are the aboriginal languages of Australia, the Papuan languages of New Guinea, and the languages of the Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) family.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /SpecialProj/PNG/topics/Language.htm (290 words)

	The Panda's Thumb: The words of the world
		Dunn and colleagues found that the evolutionary tree of these languages suggested that the two major groups of the study - the Island Melanesian language group and the Papuan group - evolved from a common ancestor about that time, when the levels were lower.
		And an anomalous relationship of Bismark Islands languages to the rest can be explained by the fact that Bougainville and the Solomon Islands were united into a single landmass when the sea level was lower, while the Bismarks were always isolated by deep water.
		The languages currently attested in Island Melanesia are presumably a subset surviving from a possibly much larger set of lineages and degrees of divergence in linguistic lineages over time is highly unpredictable.
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2005/10/the_words_of_th.html (1736 words)

	[No title]
		While Papuan > languages are typologically very varied, it is also true that there are a > number of significant generalizations that can be made about their > structural types." When Wurm wrote his Encyclopaedia Britannica article > (1986), there were around 50 isolates outstanding; according to the PNG home > site (
		This is a >language density unparalleled elsewhere, and in some areas, such as the >Sepik-Ramu basin, the density is much greater than that, as much as one in >every 200km2.
		And even if all the "Papuan" languages are ultimately related, which is not unlikely (it is not unlikely that all languages are ultimately related) that still doesn't take anything away from the extreme linguistic variety of New Guinea.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/1998/v1998.n322 (1148 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: Languages Without Sibilants
		Over at a tear in the fabric of spacetime, Rachel mentions reading the claim that all languages have a sibilant consonant, and realizing that this isn't true―Bardi is a counterexample.
		I was pleased to learn, via a thread at Tenser, said the Tensor, that a lack of fricatives or affricates is "virtually universal for all Australian languages, of all families." Furthermore, the phenomenon is almost entirely limited to Australia and...
		Tenser, said the Tensor is the blog of a graduate student in linguistics.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2004/04/languages_witho.html (374 words)

	Biology News: Grammar analysis reveals ancient language tree
		They took Papuan languages of people in the South Pacific as their challenge.
		As a test case, the team did the same for 16 Austronesian languages - the languages of the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia - for which vocabulary analysis has already revealed evolutionary roots.
		The consensus tree for the Austronesian languages closely fitted the accepted lineage from previous study of vocabulary, which demonstrated the validity of the method.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news.cfm?art=2035 (535 words)

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