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Topic: Westcar Papyrus

	James Randi Educational Foundation — An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
		Written 3,800 to 4,000 years ago, it relates events that are said to have occurred 500 years earlier in the reign of Pharaoh Khufu, more popularly known as Cheops, probably the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, near Cairo.
		The Westcar Papyrus recounts a series of tales told at the court of Cheops to the pharaoh by his sons.
		Where the papyrus relates that the same feat was performed with an ox, it may be simply a bit of hyperbole——not entirely unheard of in descriptions of conjuring——and quite likely to creep into the story.
	www.randi.org /encyclopedia/conjuring_conjuror.html (630 words)

	Papyrus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Papyrus is an early form of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that grows to 5 meters (15 ft) in height and was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
		Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt (at least as far back as the First dynasty), but it was also widely used throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as inland parts of Europe and south-west Asia.
		Papyrus was used as late as the 1100s in the Byzantine Empire, but there are no known surviving examples.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papyrus (1060 words)

	Westcar Papyrus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Westcar Papyrus is a document about Khufu, a 4th-Dynasty Egyptian leader, and contains a cycle of five stories about marvels performed by priests.
		Each of these tales is being told at the court of Khufu by his sons.
		The Papyrus Westcar was almost certainly written at the end of the middle Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Westcar_Papyrus (121 words)

	:::► Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		{{otheruses}} image:kew.gardens.papyrus.plant.arp.jpg thumbright250pxPapyrus plant ''Cyperus papyrus'' at Kew Gardens, London '''Papyrus''' is an early form of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant, ''Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland Cyperaceae sedge that grows to 5 meters (15 ft) in height and was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
		Papyrus is first known to have been used in Ancient Egypt (at least as far back as the First dynasty of Egypt First dynasty), but it was also widely used throughout the History of the Mediterranean Mediterranean region, as well as inland parts of Europe and south-west Asia.
		Image:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg thumbleft350pxA section of the Egyptian [[Book of the Dead written on papyrus]] To form the long strip that a scroll required, a number of such sheets were united, placed so that all the horizontal fibres parallel with the roll's length were on one side, all the vertical fibres on the other.
	www.mauspfeil.net /papyrus.html (1160 words)

	Userkaf
		The Westcar papyrus states how the 4th dynasty passed into the 5th (a certain Djedi, a wise man who may have been a 'magician' or priest, was a member of the court of Khufu.
		(The Westcar papyrus itself was written in the Hyksos period, but the story of Djedi at the court of Khufu probably originated in the 12th dynasty - read the full account of this prophecy).
		Apart from details given in the Westcar Papyrus, nothing is known concerning the reign of Userkaf.
	www.members.tripod.com /~ib205/userkaf.html (731 words)

	Userkaf
		The Westcar papyrus states how the 4th dynasty passed into the 5th (a certain Djedi, a wise man who may have been a 'magician' or priest, was a member of the court of Khufu.
		(The Westcar papyrus itself was written in the Hyksos period, but the story of Djedi at the court of Khufu probably originated in the 12th dynasty - read the full account of this prophecy).
		Apart from details given in the Westcar Papyrus, nothing is known concerning the reign of Userkaf.
	members.tripod.com /~ib205/userkaf.html (731 words)

	Secret Chamber Cheops Pyramid - Qumran Copper Scroll - Westcar Papyrus
		The Westcar Papyrus and the Qumran Copper Scroll.
		The Westcar Papyrus was transcribed and transliterated by Professor Adolf Erman and his reading of a text passage regarding the secret chamber(s) of the Cheops pyramid was "amended" by Sir Alan Gardiner in an article entitled "The Secret Chambers of the Sanctuary of Thoth", quoted in Bauval and Gilbert's The Orion Mystery.
		The Pharaonic Westcar Papyrus uses the Egyptologist's falsely transcribed IPWT in the position of the Qumran WPRWT.
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi30.htm (885 words)

	The Official Graham Hancock Website: Library
		For example, a papyrus of the Ptolemaic period preserves the story of a certain Setnau-Khaem-Uast, a son of Rameses II (ruled 1290–1224 BC), who sought for a "book written by Thoth himself".
		Another papyrus, this time from the Middle Kingdom (the Westcar Papyrus, circa 1650 BC), preserves an even older story from the time of Khufu (ruled 2551–2528 BC), the supposed builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
		The papyrus speaks of a "building called 'Inventory'", located at the sacred city of Heliopolis (18 kilometres north-east of Giza), in which was stored "a chest of flint" containing a mysterious object that Khufu is reported to have "spent much time searching for".
	www.grahamhancock.com /library/hm/c4-5.htm (530 words)

	ThothWeb - Egyptian Medical Texts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The London Papyrus is claimed to be discovered by the priests of the temple of Tebmut in the sanctuary of the goddess.
		The Brooklyn papyrus deals exclusively with snakebites, from the XXX Dynasty (beginning of Ptolemaic period), and is housed in the Brooklyn Museum.
		Papyrus IV is very similar to the Kahun Papyrus; it contains many identical prescriptions and also is concerned with labour, the protection of the newborn child on the day of its birth and the prognostication of its viability.
	www.thothweb.com /content-302.html (2783 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Story of King Kheops and the Magicians (Papyrus Westcar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The papyrus contains a collection of tales that were supposedely told to Kheops by his sons.
		The style and language used for the composition suggest that it was written during the 12th Dynasty, although the papyrus itself is of 15th Dynasty date.
		The fifth and last story to be preserved on the papyrus, is a prediction by the magician introduced in the fourth story about the origins of the kings of the 5th Dynasty.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /literature/stories/papyrus_westcar/index.html (392 words)

	Illahun, Kahun and Gurob: page 49
		The great Mathematical Papyrus, hitherto quite unique, was copied under a Hyksos king from writings of the time of Amenemhat III, the very period to which the Kahun papyri belong.
		Several pages of a papyrus containing a remarkable hymn to Usertesen III written on both sides of it.
		The Prisse papyrus was discussed by myself in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology vol.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/texts/illahun/49.htm (604 words)

	PAPYRUS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as ''pa-per-aa'' pr-ˁ3'' (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production.
		Secondarily, expensive papyrus was often reused, writing across the fibres on the ''verso'' http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Egerton/BellSkeat2.html.
		Papyrus Institute : Homepage of the company founded by Dr. Hassan Ragab.
	www.abusinessforme.com /papyrus (995 words)

	Westcar papyrus, papyrus paintings, papyrus font download (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The earliest recorded performance of magic, which appears in the Westcar Papyrus,reports on Tchatcha-em-ankh at the court of the Pharaoh Khufu in 3766 BC westcar papyrus.
		One of our earliest surviving records is found in the Westcar Papyrus of theEgyptians in which the sons of Cheops (the pyramid builder) entertained their.
		Papyrus Harris I; Ipuwer papyrus; Rollin Papyrus; Westcar Papyrus westcar papyrus.
	www.businessservicesite.com /papyrus/westcar_papyrus.html (354 words)

	ORIGINS OF MAGIC - The Westcar Papyrus
		Named after Henry Westcar (who aquired it during his visit to Egypt sometime around 1824 - 1825), the papyrus was passed to Richard Lepsius, a German Egyptologist.
		This text, which is often referred to as simply "p.Westcar", dates back to approximately 1700 - 1800 B.C. (believed to be written during the Middle Kingdom period), although the events it documents are estimated to have happened about a millenium earlier, which is roughly 4700 years ago (during the 4th Dynasty reign of King Kheops).
		The p.Westcar is only "somewhat" reliable, since much of the textual content of the papyrus is missing.
	www.magicandillusion.com /libr/orig/west/west01.html (1113 words)

	Dynasty 5 - Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare, Shepseskare, Neferefre, Niuserre
		Another less common view, in concordance with a story of the Westcar Papyrus, is that first three rulers of the Fifth dynasty were all brothers, the sons of queen Khentkaus I. He is given a reign of 7 Years by both the Turin King List and Manetho.
		It is probable that Khentkaus I was the character of Redjedet in the Papyrus Westcar, who according to the magician Djedi, was destined to give birth to the children of Ra and the first kings of the 5th Dynasty.
		The hieratic papyrus found at his pyramid complex are probably his most notable contributions to Egyptology.
	www.crystalinks.com /dynasty5.html (3978 words)

	Westcar Papyrus
		Ihre Dienerin aber, die wenig später, von ihrer Herrin gestraft, sich aufmachte, um diese Kunde dem König Chufu zu hinterbringen, wurde von einem Krokodile verschlungen, als sie sich niederbeugte, um Wasser zu schöpfen.“
		Papyrus Westcar, P.3033, Papyrus-Sammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin.
		Erman, Die Märchen des Papyrus Westcar, Berlin 1890; E. Brunner-Traut, Altägyptische Märchen, Düsseldorf-Köln 1963, Nr.3.
	www.chufu.de /Cheops/Westcar/westcar.html (996 words)

	Women in Ancient Egypt; Childbirth
		In the Westcar Papyrus from The Middle Kingdom, we find the story of the woman Reddjedet, which is the most detailed account we have of a childbirth.
		There is also the Papyrus Ebers, dating from 1526-1505 BC, which includes a group of remedies like: ‘For speeding up the childbirth of Aset’, which tells the deities what disasters will happen if Aset fails in giving birth when her time has come.
		The story of Reddjedet in the Westcar Papyrus tells that after giving birth Reddjedet paid the midwife-deities in corn and ‘cleansed herself in a purification of fourteen days’.
	www.philae.nu /akhet/Childbirth.html (2365 words)

	Appendix 3 - Traces of Gods
		The Westcar Papyrus and the illustrations to the Book of the Dead contain evidence relating to events that preceded the construction of the pyramid.
		The Westcar Papyrus implies that the reason behind Cheops's desire to meet a sage named Djedi was prompted by the belief that Djedi knew "the number of secret chambers of the sanctuary of Thoth".
		A papyrus that has come down to us through the millennia contains information about the place where what the Egyptians inherited from the Atlanteans and what so interested the pharaoh Cheops was kept.
	www.wandsofhorus.biz /txt/apdx_03e.html (908 words)

	Dynasty V
		Manetho's description of Dynasty V was based on the Papyrus Westcar stories, a collection of tales from the Middle Kingdom told to Khufu by his sons.
		What did kings from Userkhaf through Menkauhor build that sets the pattern for Dynasty V? The Papyrus Westcar story about the Dynasty V kings states that they were born to the wife of a priest of the sun god, Re as a result of her union with the sun god.
		The rise of the cult religion of the sun god, Re was begun at the end of Dynasty III with the shift of the pyramid chapel of Huni to the eastern face.
	www.ghg.net /ritakarl/exodus/dyn5.htm (3163 words)

	Featured Articles
		A detailed account of the procedure is found at the Temple at Esna, describing how he orders the bloodstream to cover the bones, the skin to enclose the body and how he after that was done, creates the respiratory and the food digestion system.
		The story of the woman Reddjedet from the Westcar Papyrus, is the most detailed account we have of a childbirth.
		The story of Reddjedet in the Westcar Papyrus tells that after giving birth she paid the midwife-deities in corn and 'cleansed herself in a purification of fourteen days'.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Article/256423 (2135 words)

	Third Dynasty
		Although the date coincides with the most popular claims, the idea that the Westcar Papyrus was originally written in "inscribed hieroglyphics" appears to be untrue.
		The Westcar Papyrus is only "somewhat" reliable, since much of the textual content of the papyrus is missing.
		The Westcar Papyrus does not provide any evidence that the magic alluded to actually occurred, but only tells the tales of such magic supposedly being performed before royalty.
	www.crystalinks.com /thirdynasty.html (2445 words)

	Third dynasty of Egypt
		Archaeological sources, however, have shown that Djoser must be considered as the first king after Khasekhemwi, the last king of the 2nd Dynasty.
		The order by which some predecessors of Kheops[?] are mentioned on the Papyrus Westcar may confirm that Nebka must be placed between Djoser and Huni and not before Djoser.
		The fact that the Turin King-list has noted Djoser's name in red may also be significant.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Third_dynasty_of_Egypt.html (881 words)

	The Illusions of Kenley Browne Articles - History of Mystery -Page 1- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The earliest record of a magical performance is to be found in the "Westcar" papyrus, now resting in the East Berline State Museum.
		This papyrus, produced approximately a thousand years after the appearance of the Egyptian magician Dedi, before Cheops, the builder of the Great Pyramid (c.
		The papyrus is incomplete, but in the translation by Professor Battiscombe Gunn, we read: "Then a goose was brought to him with its head cut off.
	www.kenleybrowne.com /hom_1.html (389 words)

	Ancient Deceptions: The First Magic Trick
		Cheops, in the Papyrus, calls upon his sons to bring to him a magician of the time known as Dedi.
		The magician severed the head of a goose, duck and ox, subsequently restoring the slaughtered beasts to their living states, none the worse for the wear.
		If one believes that the story of the Westcar Papyrus is a factual account of conjuring, then it obviously predates Hero's magic by thousands of years.
	illusionata.com /mpt/view.php?id=173&type=articles (2394 words)

	LIBRARIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Maspero, writing about the exchavations at Deir el- Medinech in the middle of the ruins of Thebes, decribes the discovery of a Coptic monk's tomb containing two papyrus rolls for the dead man to take with him into the next world.
		The extant stories have come down to us in twenty-six papyrus rolls and a large number of ostraka: complete copies of 'The Story of Sinuhe' are to be found in six papyrus rolls, and fragments of it on eleven ostraka.
		Outside the confines of the court, too, books were widely read not only by government officials, priests and scribes (many of whom were themselves writers) but also by ordinary people who wanted to broaden their own minds and educate their children, especially those of them who were studying for the civil service.
	www.libraries.gr /nonmembers/en/history_egypt_faraoniki_anagnosmata.htm (999 words)

	Purpose/Remarks/Advice/Tips
		If you are working through Westcar and get stumped and think you have an English equivalent for the next phrase, a good reference to check is David Shennum's "English Egyptian Index of Faulkner's Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian".
		In the part of the text given here, the story is told by 'Hardedef', the fourth son of king Cheops and known as a famous sage from the past.
		[The Westcar papyrus] is from the late Middle Kingdom.
	galltakri.uw.hu /papyruswestcar/PURPOSE.HTM (1646 words)

	The Secrets of Thoth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The notion seems to have originated in a document called the Westcar Papyrus, now in the Berlin Museum, which seems to be a New Kingdom copy of a Fifth Dynasty original (soon after the time of Cheops, or Khufu).
		In another Egyptian text, known today as the Westcar Papyrus, which bears evidence of dating to the Fourth Dynasty, is the story of an enigmatic sage named Djeda who could not only perform miraculous feats of magic, but who also possessed certain information concerning what he called the secret chambers of the books of Thoth.
		It was said that he had inscribed his knowledge in secret books and hidden these about the earth, intending that they should be sought for by future generations but found only by the worthy - who were to use their discoveries for the benefit of mankind.
	www.marsearthconnection.com /etot3.html (4225 words)

	Articles - Khufu (pharaoh) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is generally thought that Khufu came to the throne in his twenties, and reigned for about 23 years, which is the number ascribed to him by the Turin Papyrus.
		The Westcar Papyrus, which was written well after his reign during the Middle Kingdom or later, depicts the pharaoh being told magical tales by his sons Khafra and Djedefra.
		This story cycle depicts Khufu as mean and cruel, and is ultimately frustrated in his attempts to ensure that his dynasty survives past his two sons.
	www.techize.com /articles/Khufu_(pharaoh) (785 words)

	Isis Announces the Birth of Kings in the Time of Khufu
		This story is part of a cycle of “Magician” stories found on the so-called Papyrus Westcar, or the Papyrus Berlin 3033.
		dynasty, though they are written in the phase of ancient Egyptian known as “Middle Egyptian,” and the entire papyrus document is dated as written during the Hyksos period (that is, Second Intermediate Period).
		This tale opens as King Khufu, he who built the Great Pyramid at Giza, is told by a “magician,” that the wife of a priest of Ra is pregnant with three children, by Ra, and that these children will rise to high office, the eldest even being high priest of Ra at ancient Heliopolis.
	www.per-aset.org /isis_and_the_birth_of_kings.htm (671 words)

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