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Topic: Parabolic trough

	TROUGHS
		Parabolic troughs are the only commercially available solar concentrator that can be used to deliver high temperature thermal energy.
		Parabolic troughs are the most utilitarian of solar collectors in terms of the markets they can serve.
		A trough captures sunlight over a large aperture area and concentrates this energy onto a much small receiver area, multiplying the intensity of the sun by a concentration ratio in the range of 30-80.
	www.socal-solar-energy.com /Troughs.htm (848 words)

	EERE: A Guide to Tribal Energy Development: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Trough systems capture the sun's energy in a parabolically curved, trough-shaped reflector and then focus it onto a receiver pipe running along the focus line of the parabola.
		This configuration enables the single-axis troughs to track the sun from east to west during the day to ensure that the sun is continuously focused on the receiver pipes.
		Currently, all parabolic trough plants are "hybrids," meaning they use fossil fuel to supplement the solar output during periods of low solar radiation.
	www.eere.energy.gov /tribalenergy/guide/parabolic.html (404 words)

	Solar Energy
		IST's contribution to the development of parabolic trough concentrators is a patented design concept by which a concentrator that is accurate, lightweight and strong enough to survive in the outdoor environment can be built at a reasonable cost.
		IST troughs are aimed at commercial and industrial markets, but they can be configured in any reasonable collector area to meet the desired load.
		Compared to a flat plate collector, an IST parabolic trough module is 3 to 4 times less weight, and consequently large trough systems are less costly that equivalent flat plate or evacuated tube collector installations.
	www.industrialsolartech.com /abttrghs.htm (923 words)

	Energy Whiz: 6-8 Home
		Parabolic shapes are used to collect or project light and heat in many products within the home such as lighting fixtures, electric space heaters, and solar water heaters.
		Five foamboard, parabolic troughs, 16 inches wide by 12 inches long, were constructed using graphs of the five curves.
		However, as the parabolic trough continues to change to a deeper shape, the solar rays that enter the parabolic trough at the small angles overshoot and miss the pipe resulting in a loss of heat.
	www.energywhiz.com /6-8/SCIFAIR/2003BethL.htm (528 words)

	Parabolic reflector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A parabolic reflector (also known as a parabolic dish or a parabolic mirror) is a reflective device, formed in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution.
		The parabolic reflector functions due to the geometric properties of the paraboloid shape: if the angle of incidence to the inner surface of the collector equals the angle of reflection, then any incoming ray that is parallel to the axis of the dish will be reflected to a central point, or "focus".
		A mirage bowl or parabolic mirror wok is a toy consisting of two parabolic mirrors that are put together like a wok pan and a lid with a hole in it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parabolic_reflector (444 words)

	Chapter 8
		For a spherical or a parabolic dish, the plane of curvature is rotated to generate the dish geometry.
		To form either a cylindrical or parabolic trough, the two-dimensional mirrors shown in Figures 8.9 and 8.10 must be translated normal to the plane of curvature as illustrated in Figure 8.11.
		Basically, a parabolic trough must track about its linear axis so that when the sun’s rays are projected onto the plane of curvature, they are normal to the trough aperture.
	www.powerfromthesun.net /Chapter8/Chapter8new.htm (3499 words)

	Chapter 9
		The parabolic trough subsystem illustrated in Figure 9.12 is constructed from parabolic trough reflector panels 1.0 m long with an aperture width of 2.0 m. Six 90° rim angle reflector panels are then mounted on a steel torque tube 6.0 m in length, and the torque tube, in turn, is mounted on steel pylons.
		Figure 9.17 shows a prototype parabolic trough concept in which the reflector panel is simply a parabolic glass mirror supported by two stamped sheet metal ribs. This concept, referred to as the spaceframe concept, is potentially attractive since it reduces the reflector structure to the reflector itself with a minimum of other structural components.
		The parabolic dish has undergone far less development than the parabolic trough. In this section two prototype parabolic dishes are discussed: the Shenandoah dish and the JPL Parabolic Dish Concentrator. Both of these dishes are present first-generation designs.
	www.powerfromthesun.net /Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm (3615 words)

	SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY SCAN
		The solar receiver consists of a large array of parabolic trough reflectors that reflects the sunlight to a receiver tube located along the troughs focal line.
		A number of parabolic trough suppliers are available and pursuing opportunities to build plants similar to the Luz SEGS plants at California using existing technology, with various hybridisation options including combined cycle systems.
		The parabolic Line Focussing Solar Collectors require low iron content float glass in parabolic shape with high reflectivity and minimum specularity Although there are proposals by some agencies to manufacture float glass in the country, but the actual manufacture is still a long way.
	www.geocities.com /pemnq/solarscan.html (1945 words)

	Double reflecting solar concentrator - Patent 6276359
		The trough double reflecting solar concentrator of claim 11, wherein said secondary reflective surface is positioned such that a line on the planar surface of said secondary reflector is both parallel with said focal line and equidistant from said focal line and said secondary focal line.
		The singular parabolic shape of the concentrator is not easily reinforceable and is easily twisted or flexed out of its required parabolic shape such that the reflected solar energy misses the prescribed linear conglomerate of solar cells.
		Ideally, the second parabolic reflector 72 is positioned such that it does not interfere with the reflection of incident light 40 as it reflects from the primary surface 52 to the secondary surface 54.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6276359.html (3433 words)

	Solar Reflector Science Projects
		A practical application of a parabolic dish is a flashlight lens, which is used to transform a point source of light into a parallel beam.
		Solar power plants use parabolic troughs to make super heated steam and generate electricity because their fabrication and tracking equipment is less expensive than the dish.
		A simple parabolic trough may be made with a sheet of cardboard lined with a piece of aluminum foil.
	www.jc-solarhomes.com /fair/parabola20.htm (843 words)

	Sustainable Resources, Inc. - The Suncone Solar Power Generator
		The problem with parabolic dish mirrors is that considerable precision is required in their construction and maintenance.
		Another problem with parabolic dish reflectors is that they have been known to start fires in grass when accidentally pointed in the wrong direction.
		Like the parabolic dish, it must be pointed toward the sun but requires less precision than a parabolic dish or parabolic trough.
	www.sriglobal.org /suncone_01.html (430 words)

	IEA SolarPACES - Parabolic trough systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The reflective surface of a parabolic trough concentrates sunlight onto a receiver tube located along the trough's focal line, heating the fluid flowing in the tube which is then transported through pipes to a steam turbine / generator.
		Parabolic troughs assembled in collector fields are currently responsible for all commercially produced solar thermal power, with a total installed capacity of more than 350 MWe in California representing over 90% of the world's installed solar capacity.
		Parabolic troughs concentrate solar radiation onto a tube located in the trough's focal line.
	www.solarpaces.org /technology/trough.html (289 words)

	Technology Fundamentals: Solar thermal power plants
		Parabolic trough power plants are the only type of solar thermal power plant technology with existing commercial operating systems.
		The parabolic trough collector consists of large curved mirrors, which concentrate the sunlight by a factor of 80 or more to a focal line.
		As with trough and tower plants, the minimum economical size of solar chimney power plants is also in the multi-megawatt range.
	www.volker-quaschning.de /articles/fundamentals2/index2_e.html (2047 words)

	Directory:SunCone - PESWiki
		The structure does not have to be as robust at that of a parabolic dish, since it does not have to be as rigid and since it does not have to support a long metal boom that holds a heavy target at the end.
		A parabolic reflector, on the other hand, can intercept sunlight even when it is not pointed directly toward the sun, and the reflected light can ignite fires on the ground.
		Presently, trough collectors (which are not as efficient as Suncone collectors) are running at about $250 per square meter, and dish collectors are about $400 per square meter.
	peswiki.com /index.php/Directory:SunCone (2124 words)

	The Energy Blog: About Parabolic Trough Solar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Trough solar systems use parabolic curved, trough shaped reflectors focus the sun's energy onto a receiver pipe running at the focus of the reflector.
		Trough collector solar power, also called solar electric generating systems (SEGS), represent the most mature concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, with 354 MW of installed capacity in nine plants, built between 1984 and 1991, all located in the Mohave desert of California.
		PSA is also developing new trough collector assemblies and coatings to improve the absorption of solar energy on the receiver tubes and to decrease the reflectivity of glass.
	thefraserdomain.typepad.com /energy/2005/09/about_parabolic.html (3650 words)

	Solar Thermal Electricity in Egypt
		The shape of the solar concentrator mirrors is that of a trough, with the length of the trough on a north/south axis.
		The parabolic curve of the trough is designed to focus all of the sunlight strking the inside of the mirrored trough onto a water-carrying tube that extends above the length of the trough at the focal point of its mirrored surface.
		Parabolic trough solar concentrators used in a commercial scale hybrid power plant didn't break ground again until 2003 in Rajasthan, India, when a 140 megawatt station went on line.
	ecoworld.com /home/articles2.cfm?tid=408 (2012 words)

	Parabolic trough solar collector - Patent 4493313
		The solar collector of claim 2 wherein the foil reflector and the spreader bar are made of materials which have different coefficients of expansion with temperature and humidity and the spacer means are springs for accommodating relative changes in length of the reflector and the spreader bar.
		The present invention provides a parabolic trough solar collector which includes a parabolic foil reflector supported in cooperating relationship with a receiver tube so as to focus the parallel rays of the sun onto the line of the receiver tube.
		For foils of uniform thickness and uniform modulus of elasticity along a cut that is perpendicular to the axis of the foil 16, this point is the centroid of the parabolic arc formed by the foil 16 when it is wrapped onto the parabolic end formers 18.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4493313.html (3527 words)

	Mechanical Engineering Power
		This parabolic trough array designed by Industrial Solar Technology reduces the energy bills of the Phoenix Correctional Institute in Arizona about $6,000 per month by using sunlight to heat 40,000 gallons of water per day for the use of the inmates and staff.
		Parabolic troughs are equipped with tracking systems that align the concentrator with the sun throughout the day.
		In order to design the parabolic trough system for the Phoenix facility, IST measured the amount of hot water used by the 1,200 inmates and 200 staff, about 40,000 gallons per day, all heated electrically.
	www.memagazine.org /supparch/mepower99/solar/solar.html (1982 words)

	Parabolic Troughs
		Although the GEF had committed $50 million to a parabolic trough power project in India, they were concerned with the amount of support that would be required to drive the cost of CSP technologies to be competitive with existing fossil power technologies.
		Parabolic troughs are U-shaped, concentrators that focus sunlight onto a linear receiver tube located along the focal line of the trough.
		When the trough is oriented north to south, the collector moves east to west following the sun's movement across the sky, and returns at sunset to face the sunrise in the morning.
	www.cogeneration.net /parabolic_troughs.htm (10529 words)

	Abstract Odeillo
		While in the 70s and 80s parabolic troughs for domestic or process heat applications were built by several producers worldwide, only the company Industrial Solar Technology (IST) survived the standstill since the end of the 80s.
		The performance of the IST parabolic trough (Figure 1) in different climates was simulated in TRNSYS with a new module for north-south oriented parabolic troughs.
		Because the rows of parabolic trough fields stand close together the shading of the rows onto each other has to be accounted for.
	www.kenes.com /Ises.Abstracts/Htm/0172.htm (649 words)

	Engineering
		One of the parameters used for the evaluation of a parabolic trough collector performance is optical efficiency.
		An experimental solar steam generator, consisting of a parabolic trough collector, a high pressure steam circuit, and a suitable flash vessel has been constructed and tested in order to establish the thermodynamic performance during heat-up.
		The parabolic trough collector (PTC) is the most preferred type of solar collecting system employed for steam generation.
	www.cs.ucy.ac.cy /project/ci/engineering.htm (2041 words)

	SCHOTT North America - Latest News
		Nine parabolic trough power plants are already located in the Mojave Desert in California, which have produced a total of 354 megawatts of solar electricity.
		Due to their high efficiency and their ability to produce electricity at low cost, parabolic trough power plants are an solution for supplying environmentally friendly power to regions exposed large amounts of sunlight.
		Receivers are the key components in solar thermal parabolic trough power plants, a future technology for centralized power generation along the Earth’s sunbelt.
	us.schott.com /english/news/press.html?NID=141 (735 words)

	Hands On: All Done With Mirrors - Solar Power
		The Parabolic Trough, or "solar farm", uses long parallel rows of identical "concentrator modules" which are glass mirrors in the shape of troughs (figure 2).
		The trough shape design ensures that energy from the sun is maximised and concentrated to reflect on to the absorber tube.
		Developments in parabolic trough technology have lead to new methods and designs of integrating the solar technology to gas fired plants which give lower investment costs, better conversion efficiency and lower electricity costs.
	www.tve.org /ho/doc.cfm?aid=323 (1155 words)

	Parabolic Trough Power Plant
		Mirrors with a parabolic cross-section are especially suited to this purpose because they can also focus the outer rays towards the middle.
		If a mirror is designed in the form of a trough, the solar radiation, concentrated about forty times, can be focused on an absorber tube with a heat-conducting fluid inside.
		A well-known high-tech system is the parabolic trough power plant in the Californian Mojave Desert.
	www.solarserver.de /lexikon/parabolrinnenkraftwerk-e.html (222 words)

	Mold for Parabolic Trough Mirror
		This project mills a series of blanks from Styrofoam or wood which are then glued together to form a longer structure. When using 2” Styrofoam it will require 24 pieces to provide a 48” long mold.
		Note: The Mylar acts as a mold release for the completed trough. The epoxy resin never actually touches the mold since the mold is 100% covered with the Mylar so there is no mold release problem.
		Y = height of point on the arc moving away from the center of the trough.
	xdobs.com /cnc/proj_parabolic_mold/index.htm (1574 words)


		This is about the same amount of cooking time that parabolic cookers over twice the size of the 900 usually take, which is about the same time as a conventional oven.
		This parabolic cooker has such a high level of full spectrum solar reflectivity it will even heat food or water to temperatures above 150 degrees F on light overcast or partly cloudy days when there is little or no wind.
		Besides the finished assembled 900 parabolic dishes with the base supports, individual ABS 24" uncoated reflector blanks and SolaReflex coated 900 reflective dishes are available without support stands for hobbyists, students, scientists and developing nations that could assemble them on site to reduce labor costs.
	home.att.net /~cleardomesolar/parabolic.html (3331 words)

	PIER PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Publication # CEC-500-2005-175
		Parabolic troughs have reached commercial status by virtue of the development and operation of the SEGS plants in the Mojave Desert, a high California desert east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the southern region of the state near Barstow.
		Trough technology is proven and commercial, but its current cost makes selection difficult for the cost-conscious Muni's; however, as the cost of natural gas continues to rise and fluctuate significantly, and as the costs of CSP technologies fall, Muni's may find that now is the time to include CSP in their renewable energy portfolio.
		Concentrating solar thermal power technology, notably parabolic troughs, has reached commercial status by virtue of the development and operation of the SEGS plants in the Mojave Desert, a high California desert east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the southern region of the state near Barstow.
	www.energy.ca.gov /pier/final_project_reports/CEC-500-2005-175.html (3223 words)

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