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Topic: Paracas culture

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	Peru, Peru biodiversity, Quechua, Aymara, Mochica, Nazca cultures.
		The beaches of Paracas (south of Lima) and along the north coast (Huanchaco, Máncora, Punta Sal) are ideal for surfing, windsurfing, sand boarding, fishing and scuba diving.
		Peru will also lead visitors into a world of art and culture with a legacy of numerous pre-hispanic civilisations such as the Quechua, Aymara, Mochica and Nazca cultures, whose views of the world were based on their observation of both the heavens and nature.
		Witness this staggering combination of cultures along with prosperous cities founded during the colonial era, with their churches, convents, monasteries and aristocratic mansions; Peru is indeed a showcase of architecture and art from a bygone era.
	www.amazingperu.com /aboutperu.htm (716 words)

	Paracas - Ica Peru by Peru Travels
		Paracas is located in the middle of the coastal desert in the department of Ica, covering an area of 335,000 hectares.
		Paracas is the only national reserve that protects part of the Peruvian sea which is chilled by the cold Humboldt current.
		Paracas is also home to guano-producing bird species and large colonies of sea lions, and is a haven for dozens of visiting migratory bird species and endangered species such as the marine wildcat or chingungo, the Humboldt penguin and pink flamingoes.
	www.perutravels.net /peru-travel-guide/ica-paracas.htm (267 words)

	Travel to Peru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The classical 43 Km trek leading to Machu Picchu, combines the visit of mysterious archaeological sites, amazing mountain scenery and lush cloud forest rich in Andean flora and fauna.
		Overflight Nazca Lines, tour to Ballestas Islands in Paracas, include lunch in Hotel Nazca Lines, transfer in private car from / to Lima.
		Part of the 23,000 kilometers (approximately 14,000 miles) of roads built by the Incas in South America, this is Peru's most famous trekking route and possibly one of the most spectacular in the Americas.
	www.go2peru.com (925 words)

	Visiting Peru - Destination Guide - Paracas
		The Desert of Paracas is one of the most arid places of the world, its dry climate presents a rate of rain that reaches only 2 millimetres yearly, most of which is the result of the condensation of the Winter season fog.
		Paracas is also a place in which important remains of one of the most important cultures of the pre-Hispanic Peru are located.
		This Culture, a direct antecedent of the Nasca Culture, achieved a good development of their ceramics, but it was for their fine fabrics that they gained International recognition.
	www.peruvianembassy.us /visiting-peru-destination-guide-paracas.php (1371 words)

	Travel Peru - Topics about Peru Travel and Destinations - Paracas And Nazca: Precolumbian Cultures Of The Southern Coast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The culture can be characterized by a general absence of pottery, the presence of cotton and the development of a textile technology, and a subsistence pattern still based on shoreline resources.
		Paracas was the southern limit of the Chavín influence and it began to flourish during this epoch with remarkable textiles and pottery.
		The last stages of the Paracas culture superimpose with the first stages of the Nazca, and there are many Paracas influences in Nazca pottery, textiles, and customs that some authors fail to recognize a difference in the two cultures.
	www.travelperu.info /topicdesc.asp?ID=19 (1117 words)

	PERU REISER
		Paracas is about 235 kilometres south of Lima and it is the most important natural reserve along Peru's coastline.
		Paracas is well known as "the pacific ocean´s lungs" for its pureness and also for the big amount of oxygen the water produce.
		The Lambayeque culture developed this society with its pyramides, but was later on conquisted by the Chimus, and then the incas, and finally by the spaniards.
	www.perureiser.com /english/Places.htm (4143 words)

	Mudder & Hagelstein Tour
		The Paracas Necropolis constitutes the early phase of the Nazca culture, and it is distinguished by the world-famous "mantos" (large, decorated cloth) embroidered with polychrome, mythical figures.
		Paracas Necropolis is a cemetery located on the slopes of Cerro Colorado, in Ica Department, from which 429 funerary bundles were extracted.
		The Paracas Peninsula is the most important coastal formation in Peru -- an unspoiled natural paradise where the desert sands reveal treasures of ancient civilizations and the abundance of marine fauna -- birds, fish and sea mammals -- attracts visitors and ecologists, who are amazed by the profusion of sea life along the ocean shore.
	www.inkas.com /tours/clients/mudder_hagelstein.html (953 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Giant Figures in Peru Desert Pre-date Nazca Lines
		Second, the Paracas figures are smaller and were made in a naturalistic style, while the Nazca figures are bigger and stylised.
		Although the existence of some of the Paracas figures was previously known, most were undiscovered due to their remote location, and their visibility is highly affected by the position of the sun.
		One set of figures is known as the “Temple of Fertility” as one image represents a man, another a woman and the center image seems to represent a divine figure with a head from which emanates a series of rays that end in human heads.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/5-5-24/29015.html (573 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Paracas
		Named after the Paracas peninsula on the south coast, where their remains were first found, the Paracas produced resin-painted pottery and textiles, but little is known of their way of life.
		Nazca NAZCA [Nazca] or Nasca, ancient culture of the Nazca, Pisco, and Ica river valleys on the desert coast of S Peru.
		On the adjacent Paracas peninsula are ruins from a pre-Inca
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Paracas (417 words)

	Resources for
		Culturally, the Chibcha resembled the Inca; they practiced farming with the aid of an extensive system of irrigation, wove cotton cloth, and worked gold with a high degree of skill, although they were ignorant of the use of copper and bronze.
		This culture developed in the valleys of Chancay and Chillon, but they extended their influence to Huaura (to the north) and to the right margin of the Rimac river to the south.
		Paracas was probably influenced by the earlier culture of Chavín de Huantar.
	www.xmission.com /~amauta/southamerica.htm (2676 words)

	Pisco : In Depth \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Paracas might be best known for its great natural coastal beauty and wildlife, but the region is no less recognized (especially among archaeologists and historians) as the home of several advanced cultures that thrived in Peru before the Incas.
		The Paracas culture flourished from roughly 1300 B.C. to A.D. 200, but scholars are most knowledgeable about the late period of development, from 300 B.C. to A.D. At the Paracas Necropolis, researchers discovered more than 400 funerary bundles, each consisting of a mummified priest or nobleman swathed in brilliantly woven and embroidered funeral tapestries.
		Little is known about the disappearance of the Paracas culture around A.D. Farther south along the coast, the Nasca culture reigned for about 5 centuries, itself eventually succeeded by the Huari and then Ica cultures, the last of which succumbed to the expanding Inca Empire by the 15th century.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/pisco/2870010012.html (541 words)

	Paracas Ballestas Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Paracas Peninsula is one of the greatest marine reserve of South America, located at the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
		Paracas was also home of one of most important ancient civilizations in Peru, The Paracas Culture.
		Paracas Hotel has come offering an exclusive service since 1944, thanks to its perfect location, visitors may enjoy a peacufull holiday at any time of the year, it is perfect for those couples in honeymoon, or for those who just want to be in contact with the sea and great marine landscape.
	www.mysteryperu.com /co_paracas.html (2082 words)

	Pre-Inca Paracas Culture and Textile, Fabric, Skulls, Geometric Art. Antonio Gutierrez.
		The Paracas culture was a Pre-Inca society between approximately 750 BCE and 100 CE that developed in the Paracas Peninsula, located in what today is the Paracas District of the Pisco Province in the Ica Region, Peru.
		One of the main reasons why the Paracas Culture is well known is for the quality of its textiles, especially those belonging to the "Paracas Necropolis" period, dating from 500 BC and constituting an exceptionally beautiful expression of this culture.
		The Paracas employed methods to alter the shape of the skull, elongating it with weights and boards, to connote social status.
	agutie.homestead.com /files/geometric_art/paracas_fabric_textile_1.html (476 words)

	Peru Peruvian
		The Paracas culture developed along the southern Peruvian coastline where the winds and the sea temperatures have created a natural haven for birds and thousands of species of marine life.
		Paracas effigy pots exhibited the distinctive feline deity symbology of the Chavin, but, their double spouted, round bottom pottery was shaped differently than the northern coastal pottery.
		Centered around Lake Titicaca, the Tiahuanacu culture (which was a significant urban complex during the classical period with highly refined ceramics), might have collapsed during a global climatic shift which increased the aridity in the area.
	www.spiritsongs.org /Peru_Peruvian_Ancient_Civilization.htm (5306 words)

	Peru Tourism Bureau - CITIES - ICA
		It is the cradle of Peru's Creole culture, saints and medicine men, where the best pisco brandy is distilled and where religious fervor is strong in the worship of the Señor de Luren or the Yauca shrine.
		Paracas, wedged in the middle of the coastal desert in the department of Ica covers an area of 335.000 hectares and is the only national reserve that protects part of the Peruvian sea which is chilled by the cold Humboldt current.
		Paracas is also home to guano-producing bird species and large colonies of sea lions.
	www.visitperu.com /ica.htm (1121 words)

	Andean Jewelry Inc. - Fine Jewelry, Peruvian Jewelry, and Handcrafted Jewelry — Peruvian Cultures
		The Nazca culture thrived from 0 to 600 A.D., at the close of the period known as the “Early Horizon”.
		While chronologically we can observe that Nazca culture was born during the “Early Horizon”, the actual advancement and development of the culture did not come about until the "Early Intermediate" period.
		Early Nazca: This period apparently began as the influence of the Paracas culture came to an end, between 100 A.D. and 200 A.D. This first phase is marked by the many surviving tendencies of the Paracas culture.
	www.andeanjewelry.com /peruvian_cultures.asp (1163 words)

	University of Iowa Press - Browse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Paracas Art and Architecture provides the first comprehensive overview in the English language of recent research undertaken on the people who occupied this region between 400 B. and A. 200 and the textiles and ceramics they produced.
		Paracas Art and Architecture is the first interdisciplinary collection of the current research results—historiographical, archaeological, cultural, architectural, technical, iconographic, and stylistic—of some of these path-breaking scholars.
		Culture and influence are examined by Dwight Wallace, who demonstrates the Chavin culture's influence on the south coast's Carhua painted textiles, and by Sarah Massay, who provides a valuable description of late Paracas site distributions in the lower Ica Valley.
	www.uiowa.edu /uiowapress/pauparart.htm (495 words)

	PRE-COLUMBIAN ANDEAN CIVILIZATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Like all other civilizations andean culture was founded on agriculture which permitted fo for the formation of a large and sedentary population with leisure time to devote to cultural development between harvest and sowing.
		The cultures of the next period sometimes called the experimental period occurred between 500-300 BC are not so well known.
		Some anthropologists suggest that the Paracas culture may have had contact with Polynesian cultures, since the design of their pottery and textiles are similar to Polynesian styles.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/andean~1.htm (2152 words)

	Paracas Peru
		Paracas is a natural dessert reserve, located in the Peruvian coast at 230 Km.
		south of the city of Lima, is the area where most marine wild life is found in the pacific coast of the continent, counting with very interesting tourist and cultural locations, their antique settlers "The Paracas Culture" predecessors of the Incas, were great experts in the matter of fabrics and cranial surgery.
		Now a days we preserve many highly interesting remainders of this culture, existing a site museum in where fabrics of over 3000 years are exposed and the famous " Funeral fardos " that contain the intact mummies, and the marvelous fabrics that wrap them.
	www.perufly.com /old_flights/parai.html (438 words)

	ART 5 Unit II Review
		The Paracas culture was centered in the Pisco, Chincha, and Ica River Valleys, but is best known for its burial ground 55 miles away from the Ica Valley on the Paracas Peninsula.
		Moche was an extremely sophisticated and well-organized culture whose influence spread from the Chicama and Moche Valleys in the north all the way to the Casma Valley on the central coast.
		The crowdedness of the painted surface and the proliferation of "horrible bird" (a condor head) and "bloody mouth" (killer whale mouth) motifs are characteristic of this phase.
	infinity.cos.edu /art/strong/module/precol5b/default.html (2499 words)

	Peru Travel Guide by iLatinTravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Paracas is an excellent ecological destination for the nature and water sports lovers, it also offers cultural historical attractiveness and it is a good alternative to enjoy relaxing moments.
		This bay is formed on the north part of the peninsula of Paracas, and has special historical significance for Peruvians, since it was here where José de San Martín landed with the liberation forces, began the campaign for independence to end the Spanish viceroyalty.
		The port was disabled for marine traffic; being displaced by the modern port of San Martín, located in the bay of Paracas.
	www.ilatintravel.com /webapp/ilatintravel/articulo.jsp?cod=1998893 (435 words)

	Nazca lines tour packages, tour operators to Nazca, paracas
		Ica was inhabited by towns pertaining to the cultures Paracas and Nazca, and were characterized to rationally handle the water and desert lands.
		From the Hotel Paracas and from the port of Paracas, boat excursions are available to the Ballestas islands to closely appreciate the sea lions, penguins, flamingos and sea gulls.
		The content of the sample in exhibition of the Paracas culture includes representations and collections of ceramics and weaves of this culture.
	www.fiestatoursperu.com /cities/ica_nazca.htm (997 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Nazca culture, on the contrary, well-known for its artistic pottery, in which colorful designs and representations excel over the form, the same as their famous lines and figures that have undergone implausible interpretations.
		During the independence war, General José de San Martín landed in Paracas and fixed his headquarters in Pisco, to start the fight for the independence of Peru.
		At 5 km (3 ml) from Paracas beach, it houses ceramics and textiles depicting daily life scenes, pieces that show the evolution of the Paracas culture.
	www.perutourism.com /Destinations/der7b.htm (1166 words)

	Tourism in Ica - Peru Contact
		Ica is known as the region of the sand and sea, of oasis and valleys.
		National Reservation of Paracas, with a surface of 3.350 hectares, is one of the most important, protected areas of Peru, being the only one that has a marine ecosystem.
		From the spa of Paracas, in the county of Pisco, it is interesting to visit the islands Ballestas and San Gallan, habitat of sea dogs, by boat.
	www.perucontact.com /en/conozca/ica.php (1014 words)

	Peru - Ica Paracas Nazca Culture
		In the ocean floor, on a straight line from the Paracas peninsula another wonder has been found, the Peruvian marine fault, formed millions of years ago when the coastal mountain range fell into the ocean.
		The sea of Paracas is considered the lungs of the Pacific ocean because of the pureness and oxygenation originated in its waters.
		Added to its natural beauty, Paracas is a very important archaeological and historical site, home to one of the advanced cultures that flourished in Peru 1,000 BC, known worldwide by the exquisite textiles with combination of many colors and stylized designs, and by the practice of brain surgery and cranial trepanation.
	www.travelvantage.com /per_ipnc.html (1646 words)

	Excursion to Pisco Paracas Nasca ICA PERU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The desert landscape is very bleak and the Paracas culture -famous for its textures which can be over 2000 years old- originates from here.
		These mysterious lines in the middle of the desert where made by the Nazca culture, a culture which flourished between 400 and 800AD.
		Afternoon excursion to the Paracas peninsula where you will visit the little Julio C. Tello museum dedicated to the Paracas culture and we have a look at the spectacular coast line near a formation called the Cathedral.
	www.destinosturisticoscusco.com /pisco-paracas-nasca-ing.html (892 words)

	Museo de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú
		France's significant collaboration with our country's cultural patrimony will entirely finance placing value on the selected textiles which are of different types, the most outstanding are: 15 Paracas mantles, in addition to miniatures, shoulder capes, a fox skin, a fan, turbans, skirts, batons and unkus [tunics].
		The nature of the campaign is also to contemplate the participation of French professionals for the sake of collaborating and exchanging knowledge of textile conservation techniques to take part in the most appropriate way for packing and installing the museographic exhibition.
		The Musée du Quai Branly named Dr. Daniéle Lavallée, a prestigious French archaeologist who has been doing research since 1960 on Andean culture, in charge of scientific research for the museographic script of this exhibition where the most recent data on the Paracas culture will be contemplated.
	museonacional.perucultural.org.pe /ingles/proyecto6.htm (307 words)

	"Portable Planetariums Home More than a Portable Planetarium" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nazca culture flourished in the Nazca region between 300 BCE and 800 CE.
		Textiles may have been as important to other cultures in the region as to the Nazca, but the desert has preserved the textiles of both the Nazca and Paracas cultures and comprise most of what we know about early textiles in the region.
		The Moche was an Early Intermediate culture that co-existed with the Ica-Nazca culture.
	www.planetarios.com /nazca-constelaciones.htm (3270 words)

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