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Topic: Paracrine agent

Related Topics

Autocrine agent

Autocrine signalling

Paracrine signalling

Histamine

Somatostatin

Prostaglandin

Blood vessel

Autocrine

	Therapeutic polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding same, and methods of use patent invention
		Paracrine effectors involve secreting cells and receptor cells in close proximity to each other, such as two different classes of cells in the same tissue or organ.
		One class of cells secretes the paracrine effector, which then reaches the second class of cells, for example by diffusion through the extracellular fluid.
		The second class of cells contains the receptors for the paracrine effector; binding of the effector results in induction of the signaling cascade that elicits the corresponding biochemical or physiological effect.
	www.freshpatents.com /Therapeutic-polypeptides-nucleic-acids-encoding-same-and-methods-of-use-dt20051229ptan20050287564.php (2819 words)

	Paracrine signalling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paracrine signalling is a form of signalling in which the target cell is close to the signal releasing cell, and the signal chemical is broken down too quickly to be carried to other parts of the body.
		In mature organisms paracrine signalling functions include responses to allergens, repairs to damaged tissue, formation of scar tissue, and clotting.
		Other examples of paracrine agents are somatostatin and histamine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paracrine_signalling (137 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040204484
		In this embodiment the agent which enhances the conversion of the precursor agent to native NO may be an antiogenic growth factor.
		As used herein a "biological equivalent" is an agent or composition, or combination thereof, which has a similar biological function or effect as the agent or composition to which it is being deemed equivalent.
		After administration of the agent(s) from the balloon, the balloon is deflated and retracted, leaving the stent in position to maintain the release of the agents, preferably a therapeutic mixture of L-arginine or its biologic equivalent and an agent which enhances a NO synthase agonist or stimulant, as described more fully hereunder.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040204484".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040204484&RS=DN/20040204484 (13311 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Paracrine effectors involve secreting cells and receptor cells in close proximity to each other, for example two different classes of cells in the same tissue or organ.
		In another aspect, the invention provides a method for identifying a potential therapeutic agent for use in treatment of a pathology, wherein the pathology is related to aberrant expression or aberrant physiological interactions of a NOVX polypeptide.
		The candidate therapeutic agent is identified by screening a large collection of substances or compounds in an important embodiment of the invention.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=02/81498.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7585 words)

	FGF7 - Keratinocyte growth factor precursor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Paracrine effects of bFGF and KGF on the process of mouse blastocyst implantation.
		Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) -10 (keratinocyte growth factor 2, KGF 2) is a new member of the FGF family that is mainly synthesized by mesenchymal cells and acts predominantly on epithelial cells in a paracrine manner.
		We investigated if KGF may act as a paracrine agent in human prostate cancer and examined the expression of KGF and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) (IIIb and IIIc isoforms of the FGFR1 and FGFR2 genes).
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/88198.html (5178 words)

	Research Projects - Neuro - Oncology Laboratory: Current Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Chin and researchers in his laboratory have identified an agent that causes apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells: K252a, a microbial alkaloid structurally similar to staurosporine, which is known to cause cell cycle arrest.
		When observed under a microscope, the K252a-affected cells also bore the classic signs of apoptosis: the cells had "blebbed" (or rounded out), their nuclei had condensed, their DNA had cleaved and released, thus damaging cellular integrity and breaking them down into fragments.
		When an agent like K252a blocks the signal transduction of a growth factor, it essentially short circuits that unregulated growth.
	www.neurosurgery-umms.com /ResearchProjectsNOLAB[current].htm (545 words)

	Patent 6,903,100
		The present invention requires that the therapeutic agent be administered at a level which has therapeutic value in treating MS, but is insufficient to cause the agent to cross the BBB in a cytotoxic amount.
		For some therapeutic agents, no dosage level would be sufficient to cause the agent to cross the BBB due to the molecular weight of the agent.
		Thus, the interim administration of an agent in relatively high doses is contemplated by the invention, provided that a cytotoxic amount of the agent does not cross the BBB after administration.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/June2005/060705/6903100_Methotrexate060705.htm (3240 words)

	Immunotherapy for Cancer - Cytokines and Cancer Therapy
		They have autocrine and paracrine functions, so that they function locally or at a distance to enhance or suppress immunity.
		The definitive test of whether adding any agent to interferon enhances its antitumor effect was an ECOG trial with dacarbazine alone, dacarbazine with tamoxifen, dacarbazine with interferon, or interferon with tamoxifen.
		Low doses may have promising activity post-transplant as an immune restorative agent, and that effect is under evaluation in large randomized cooperative group studies.
	www.meds.com /immunotherapy/cytokines.html (2433 words)

	Allergy & Asthma Disease Management Center: February 1999 Quiz of the Month
		This agent has a very short half-life and thus has little biological activity by itself.
		However, it can be rapidly metabolized enzymatically into leukotriene B4, which is a potent attractant for neutrophils and therefore may be an important mediator in neutrophil-rich inflammatory response.
		There is further metabolism into Leukotriene E4, a much more stable agent but with much less bronchoconstrictive activity than LT C4.
	www.aaaai.org /AADMC/quiz/1999/0299answer.html (314 words)

	Active immunization against somatostatin alters regulation of gastrin in response to gastric acid secretagogues -- ...
		but also functions as a paracrine agent (10).
		of gastrin is determined by an inhibitory paracrine influence
		Somatostatin cell processes as pathways for paracrine secretion.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/4/G751 (3765 words)

	Homeostatic Mechanisms and Cellular Communication - The Human Physiology
		They do not enter the bloodstream and may be released as a result of stimuli resulting from local chemical changes or neurotransmitters and hormones.
		Paracrine agents are synthesized by cells and are released into extracellular fluid upon receipt of an appropriate stimulus.
		Autocrine agents are local chemical messengers that are released into the extracellular fluid and act upon the same cells that secreted them.
	www.biology-online.org /9/6_homeostatic_mechanisms.htm (1291 words)

	The Body: Etiology and Pathogenesis
		As the epidemiology suggests, many researchers have tested the hypothesis of several different etiologic agents with the hopes of finding one that is associated with KS.
		As sexually transmitted agents have been associated with other malignancies, it has been hypothesized that a sexually transmitted agent may be associated with KS.
		However, some feel that there is no one agent responsible for KS and that KS is the end result of a cascade of events resulting from hyperactivation of the immune system.
	www.thebody.com /tag/ksproj/etiology.html (2030 words)

	Endotext.com - Adrenal Physiology And Diseases, Neuroendocrine Effects on Immune System
		Homeostasis within the immune system is largely dependent on cytokines - the immune 'hormones' that act typically in a paracrine fashion to control the proliferation, differentiation and the activity of immune cells.
		Immunoreactive CRH is identified locally in experimental carrageenin-induced subcutaneous aseptic inflammation, streptococcal cell wall- and adjuvant-induced arthritis, and in human tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis.
		Locally, the preponderance of primary sensory, SP positive fibers as compared with sympathetic fibers and the over-expression of CRH and urocortin result in a dominance of the autocrine and paracrine pro-inflammatory factors in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal28/adrenal28.htm (5803 words)

	Medical Opinion
		The discovery that characteristic amines and peptides associated with these APUD cells were present in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system resulted in the formulation of the term neuroendocrine to highlight the association between the neural and endocrine systems.
		Generally, anatomic and/or physiologic-functional imaging for neuroendocrine tumors is reserved for patients who present with a clinical history that is suspicious for a neuroendocrine tumor, supported by elevated levels of primary hormones and/or metabolites in the plasma and/or urine.
		Using this agent, neuroendocrine tumors could be visualized, in vivo, based upon the identification of somatostatin receptors.[19-21] However, disadvantages of this particular agent included limited availability, the expense and short half-life of I-123, a difficult labeling chemistry, and a high abdominal background of radioactivity, due to the principle clearance of this agent through the liver.
	www.carcinoid.org /pcf/docs/OctreoScanMHanson.htm (2502 words)

	Center for Uterine Fibroids: Pirfenidone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Since leiomyomas are also characterized by increased cell proliferation and tissue fibrosis, we examined the effects of pirfenidone on cell proliferation and collagen expression in cultured myometrial and leiomyoma smooth muscle cells.
		Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent which is being investigated for use in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
		The results of a number of recent studies have led to the hypothesis that the effects of the ovarian steroid hormones on cell proliferation may be mediated indirectly through the activation of autocrine and paracrine peptide growth factors including epidermal growth factor(EGF), insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) (20-22).
	www.fibroids.net /html/article3.html (3171 words)

	The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
		Somatostatin is a peptide that acts as a neurohormone as well as a paracrine agent.
		However, further controlled studies are required both for the confirmation of effectiveness of this agent and the definition of the effective dosage.
		Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas.
	tjp.dergisi.org /text.php3?id=154 (1449 words)

	A cancer chemopreventive agent silibinin, targets,.. Prostate Cancer
		A cancer chemopreventive agent silibinin, targets mitogenic and survival signaling in prostate cancer.
		There are many epigenetic variables that affect the biological responses of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine regulatory molecules, which determine the growth and development of different cancers including prostate cancer (PCA).
		One of the focuses of the current cancer chemoprevention studies is the search for non-toxic chemopreventive agents that inhibit mitogenic and cell survival signaling in cancer cells.
	www.skyeherbals.com /forum/index.php/topic,64.0.html (356 words)

	ASGSB 2004 Abstracts - Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth by the Paracrine Release of IGF-1 from an Engineered Tissue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		MSOffice IGF-1 may therefore be an effective countermeasure agent for attenuating space travel induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
		They therefore have the potential to be effective in the attenuation of space travel induced ABAM muscle atrophy in an up-coming Space Shuttle experiment.
		Similar anabolic paracrine effects of IGF-1 released from implanted human BAMs may also be effective in attenuating localized muscle wasting in a number of Earth-based neuromuscular disorders.
	www.asgsb.org /programs/2004/128.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		What makes them different is that a hormone acts through the bloodstream and contacts almost all cells in the body, whereas the neurotransmitter is dropped right onto a cell and doesn't spread very far from it.
		ANSWER: A second messenger is a chemical agent which is released or accumulated inside the cell as a result of the interaction of the extracellular (first) chemical messenger with its receptor.
		ANSWER: A paracrine agent acts on cells close to the source of release of the paracrine agent, via the extracellular fluid.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /humanbio/Download_Folder/Ligands_&_Receptors_Quiz.text (1419 words)

	USD Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
		BK, an endogenous nonapeptide known to be a potent vasodilatory and natriuretic agent, has been shown to modulate regulation of volume and sodium balance by altering pressure-natriuresis.
		The established phase of hypertension is characterized by a resetting of this pressure-natriuresis curve to higher pressures, so that higher blood pressure is required to achieve volume and sodium balance.
		Morphological and functional data indicate that kinins act as paracrine factors in the kidney, modulating renal hemodynamics by causing the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins.
	www.usd.edu /med/phys/seminar/052897.html (373 words)

	Lecture 14: Circulation 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		eicosanoids (paracrine agents, derived from arachidonic acid, often involved in response to infection or injury)
		This is another example of the same gas being called a neurotransmitter or a paracrine agent depending on the situation.
		All tissue needs for oxygen and nutrient supply, and waste removal, has to be met by exchange between the capillary and the interstitial fluid (the non-plasma component of the extracellular fluid.) For diffusion to work well, a large surface area and thin barriers are required.
	www.uncg.edu /bio/277Summer/Summer277.lecture14.html (973 words)

	Sandostatin.com Global for Healthcare Professionals - Causes of GEP NE Tumors
		Endocrine-the agent is produced in one cell type and released into the bloodstream.
		Paracrine-the agent is produced in one cell and acts on a nearby cell.
		Neurocrine-the agent is produced within neuronal cells and released directly into the synaptic space, and acts on another cell type
	www.sandostatin.com /treating_gep_ne_tumors/causes (460 words)

	Major Advances Associated with Hormone and Growth Factor Regulation of Mammary Growth and Lactation in Dairy Cows -- ...
		It may be that these agents are especially important at only particular stages of development.
		Paracrine action of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) during ruminant mammogenesis.
		Novel agents for the prevention of breast cancer: Targeting transcription factors and signal transduction pathways.
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/89/4/1222 (6762 words)

	DTP RAID Projects By Program Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Summary: In cell culture experiments, the agent was found to be twofold more cytotoxic than camptothecin, 25 times more lipophilic (thus more readily incorporated into liposomal bilayers) than camptothecin, and the compound is more stable in human blood than any of the camptothecins in current clinical use.
		Summary: PI3 kinase is an important constituent of growth factor and oncogene signaling pathways, OMDPI is a potent inhibitor of this pathway and may be clinically useful in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.
		It has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent through its ability to synergize with compounds whose DNA damage is normally repaired by BER, such as methylating agents.
	dtp.nci.nih.gov /icssweb/raidservlet?searchtype=cyclesort&outputformat=html (11225 words)

	Molecular Imaging - Choline Phospholipid Metabolites of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Altered by Cyclooxygenase ...
		Treatment of cancer cells with the anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin (INDO), reverted the phenotype of choline phospholipid metabolites in cancer cells towards a less malignant phenotype.
		We determined the effect of growth factors, the anti-inflammatory agent INDO, and conditioned media obtained from a malignant cell line, on choline phospholipid metabolites.
		The ability of INDO to alter choline phospholipid metabolism in the presence of growth factor supplements suggests that the inflammatory response pathways of HUVECs may play a role in cancer cell —HUVEC interaction and in the response of HUVECs to growth factors.
	mitpress.mit.edu /catalog/item?tid=11390&ttype=6 (262 words)

	Ca2+-independent inhibition of myocardial contraction by coronary effluent of hypoxic rat hearts -- Yang et al. 276 ...
		Agent(s) responsible for activity of hypoxic coronary effluent.
		Paracrine effects of endocardial endothelial cells on myocyte contraction mediated via endothelin.
		Paracrine coronary endothelial control of left ventricular function in humans.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/2/H623 (5001 words)

	Paracrine Immunotherapy with Interleukin-2 and Local Chemotherapy Is Synergistic in the Treatment of Experimental Brain ...
		Paracrine Immunotherapy with Interleukin-2 and Local Chemotherapy Is Synergistic in the Treatment of Experimental Brain Tumors -- Sampath et al.
		Paracrine Immunotherapy with Interleukin-2 and Local Chemotherapy Is Synergistic in the Treatment of Experimental Brain Tumors
		Thompson R. C., Pardoll D. M., Jaffee E. M., Ewend M. G., Thomas M. C., Tyler B. M., Brem H. Systemic and paracrine cytokine therapy using transduced tumor cells are synergistic in treating intracranial tumors.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/9/2107 (5096 words)

	www.asco.org
		To differentiate between VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mediated autocrine and paracrine pathways, we treated xenografts with neutralizing antibodies against human VEGFR1 (6.12), human VEGFR2/ KDR (IMC-1C11), and murine VEGFR2 receptors (DC101).
		Combination treatment with chemotherapy and DC101 increased tumor apoptosis as compared to single agent or control (immunoglobulin) treated tumors.
		Conclusions: These data suggest a role for VEGF receptor mediated autocrine and paracrine growth pathways in lymphomagenesis.
	www.asco.org /asco/publications/abstract_print_view/0,1148,_12-002489-00_18-002003-00_19-00102635-00_29-00A,00.html (681 words)

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