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	Paradesi Synagogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations, located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India.
		Paradesi is a word used in several Indian languages, and its literal meaning is a "foreigner".
		The second synagogue, built under the protection of the King of Kochi along with Dutch patronage, is the present synagogue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paradesi_Synagogue (539 words)

	Cochin Jews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two of these have their own distinct communities and synagogues: the "Black Jews" are physically similar to the local Indian population and presumably descended from the earliest Jewish settlement; the "White Jews" (or Paradesi "foreigners") are a mixed community mostly of European and Middle Eastern origin.
		In 1968 a ceremony in the Paradesi Synagogue commemorating its 400th anniversary, was attended by the Indian prime-minister, Indira Gandhi.
		In the Paradesi Synagogue special prominence is given to a "Chair of Elijah" and to the two copper plates of the Tamil charter, known as Sasanam.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/cochin.html (454 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> synagogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Typically a synagogue (especially in North America and in Europe) will have a dual leadership: a lay leadership comprising a committee and a president (or chairperson) who may be elected by all members, and a rabbiâ”a spiritual guide who is usually appointed by the lay leadership.
		Synagogue windows are often curved at the top and squared at the bottom, recalling the popular depiction of the shape of the Lukhot (Tablets of the Law) which Moses received from God at Mount Sinai.
		The Snoa Synagogue in Willemstad, CuraÃ§ao, Netherland Antilles is the oldest synagogue still standing and in continuous use in the Western Hemisphere.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/synagogue (2308 words)

	"The Last Jews in India and Burma" by Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Thekumbagam Synagogue (1580) is a Jewish-owned poultry farm.
		The Mala Synagogue (1597) was donated to the town council of elders for use as a community center by the Jewish community when they moved to Israel en masse in 1952.
		The 29 Jews of the Paradesi community and perhaps another 30 scattered throughout Kerala are all that remain of the 2,500 prior to mass aliya.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl101.htm (4205 words)

	The Paradesi Synagogue, Cochin
		It is the oldest synagogue built in the former British Empire and the only synagogue in use today out of the seven synagogues built in the “Jew Town”.
		The synagogue houses 1600 year-old copper plates on which the community charter of independence and the privileges granted to the Jewish community are inscribed.
		The synagogue keeps a rich collection of items: gold and silver decorated Torah-scrolls crowned with solid gold and set with gems given as gifts by the rajahs, an oriental carpet in front of the ark given as a gift by the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie, and two brass columns symbolizing the pillars of the Temple.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Synagogue/Cochin.asp (414 words)

	Synagogue - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A synagogue (בית כנסת beit knesset in Hebrew meaning a "house of assembly" or שול shul in Yiddish) is a Jewish place of religious worship.
		Typically a synagogue (especially in North America and in Europe) will have a dual leadership: a lay leadership comprising a committee and a president (or chairperson) who may be elected by all members, and a rabbi, a spiritual guide who is usually appointed by the lay leadership.
		A synagogue may be decorated with artwork, but three-dimensional sculptures and depictions of the human body are not allowed, as these are considered akin to idolatry.
	www.pakistangrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Synagogue (2268 words)

	A synagogue or synagog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Synagogues are not used only for prayer, but also for communal activities, adult education and Hebrew schools for school-age children, hence the common Yiddish term shul for synagogue, which comes from the Middle High German word for school.
		Typically a synagogue (especially in North America and in Europe) will have a dual leadership: a lay leadership comprising a committee and a president (or chairperson) who may be elected by all members, and a spiritual guide, a rabbi, usually appointed by the lay leadership.
		The small ruined synagogue at Masada is one of the most well documented that dates from the time of the Second Temple, though synagogues were discovered in Egypt and on the island of Delos which predate the synagogue at Masada.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis72.htm (1174 words)

	Religion News Service: Products
		Hundreds of tourists, including these two, visit the Paradesi Synagogue of Kochi, India, each day, but on most nights there are not enough Jews to hold a service.
		Paradesi Synagogue is an official world monument and draws droves of tourists of all faiths and nationalities to the white stucco building that stands next to a Maharajah temple.
		The Paradesi Synagogue -- built in 1568 after the Portuguese expelled the Jews from the city of Cranganore -- is India's oldest synagogue and the only one still in use in the state of Kerala.
	www.religionnews.com /ArticleofWeek11305.html (1071 words)

	Islamic Voice - SAFAR \RABI-UL-AWWAL 1424 H
		The building of the synagogue was a matter of pride for the entire community and a turning point as it marked the beginning of organised religious and communal life.
		The lane in which the Succoth Shelemo (Tabernacle of Solomon) synagogue, erected in 1921, stands is still called Israel Alley, reminiscent of the days when most of the adjoining old buildings were filled with Bene Israel families till their emigration to Israel in the late 1940s and after.
		The Paradesi synagogue site was given to the Jews by one of the most famous of the Perumpadappu Swarupam maharajas, Bhaskara Ravi Varman (1565-1601) and is located very near his palace and temple in Jew Town, which indicates the importance given by the Raja to the Jewish community.
	www.islamicvoice.com /may.2003/narra.htm (906 words)

	\|\| Indian Christianity \|\|
		In addition, the Paradesi houses 10 paintings which depict the history of the Jews of Kerala, as well as the 1,600-year-old copper plates-deposited in an iron box called a pandeal and carefully guarded by the elders-which are shown to visitors on request.
		The Paradesi synagogue and watchtower are separated by a stone wall from the former palace and private Pazhayannur Sri Krishna Temple of the Maharajah of Cochin.
		According to a congregant, "While worshipping in the synagogue, we often hear their music and prayers, and they can hear us, too." Kerala is home to about 30 miles of backwaters that snake the length and breadth of the state.
	www.indianchristianity.org /jews.html (2381 words)

	[No title]
		When Samuel Hallegua, or Uncle Sammy as he's known in Jewtown, takes the two-minute stroll up Synagogue Lane to the Paradesi synagogue, he knows it is a walk that his ancestors have made for hundreds of years.
		Synagogue Lane is a narrow street protected from the tropical sun by old houses painted ocher, lime and sky blue.
		The synagogue itself is over 400 years old and is covered with blue and white hand-painted floor tiles brought from China in the 18th century by one of Sammy's ancestors, Ezekiel Rahabi.
	www.shalom2.20m.com /page7.htm (724 words)

	The Jewish Community of Cochin
		The "Paradesi" Synagogue is at the end of the street on the left.
		The White Jews (called "Paradesi", foreigners) are a mixture of Jewish exiles from Cranganore and (later) Spain, Aleppo, Holland and Germany.
		In 1970, the Jews from Cochin in Israel numbered approximately 4,000.The magnificent 16th century Paradesi synagogue in Cochin is still in use.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Cochin.asp (1140 words)

	World Monuments
		It is one of the few intact synagogues in Poland, and the only intact synagogue remaining from the 19th century.
		The Tempel was among the finest synagogues of the Polish Jewish Reform movement, influenced by architectural developments in Germany.
		Synagogue and tower require many repairs, and it is important that all work be carried out before neglect leads to serious damage.
	www.isjm.org /jhr/no1/wmf.htm (888 words)

	Synagogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Such the synagogue is known for the kloiz, with is often delineated by an professions of its worshippers: e.g.
		Typically the synagogue (especially in North America with in Europe) will have the dual leadership: the lay leadership comprising the committee with the president (or chairperson) who may be elected by all members, with the rabbiâ”a spiritual guide who is usually appointed by an lay leadership.
		Synagogue windows are often curved at an top with squared at an bottom, recalling an popular depiction of an shape of an Lukhot (Tablets of an Law) which Moses received from God at Mount Sinai.
	abbot.blogsilla.com /abbot/Wieliczka/Judaism/Synagogue (2372 words)

	Jews of India-Cochin Jews2
		Built on land given the Cranganore exiles by the Raja and reconstructed after the Portuguese bombardment in 1662, the Paradesi is the oldest surviving synagogue in the former British Empire.
		In addition, the Paradesi houses 10 paintings which depict the history of the Jews of Kerala, as well as the 1,600-year-old copper plates-deposited in an iron box called a pandeal and carefully guarded by the elders - which are shown to visitors on request.
		The Paradesi celebrated its four hundredth anniversary in 1968; Prime Minister Indira Gandhi attended the festivities and the Indian government issued a commemorative postage stamp for the occasion.
	www.the-south-asian.com /March2001/Jews_of_India_Cochin_Jews2.htm (994 words)

	In Kochi, 15 Jews waited for Sharon
		In fact, the synagogue is without a priest now because the number of adult males does not come up to the required number for a priest, as per the Jewish custom.
		It is a stroll that Hallegua has not missed all these years because seeing the old houses painted in ochre, lime and sky blue on both sides of the street revives in him memories of a fading era.
		But the earliest documentation of permanent Jewish settlements is inscribed in the ancient Tamil language on two copper plates now stored in Paradesi Synagogue, covered with blue and white hand-painted floor tiles brought from China in the 18th century.
	www.rediff.com /news/2003/sep/08sharon4.htm (776 words)

	Images of Cochin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of the crowns was given to the congregation by the Maharaja of Travancore in 1803.
		After a woman dies, her mundu is sewn into a backing and donated to the synagogue do that she will live on in memory.
		230, A traditional wedding procession along Synagogue Lane in 1978, with the bride and groom led to the synagogue by drummers, dancers, torch-beares, and salutes, an important expression of the Jews' quasi-noble status in Malabar.
	www.subir.com /rushdie/cochin.html (490 words)

	Jewish Heritage Tour
		The 4-century-old synagogue (built in 1568) is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth.
		This Synagogue was built by Samuel Castiel, David Belila, Ephrahim Sala and stands on the grounds of the Maharaja of CochinÕs residence.
		It is the first synagogue in India, and one of the oldest in the world.
	www.spirit-of-india.com /group/Jewish/itinerary.html (1654 words)

	Synagogue - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Image:Lesko synagoga.jpg A synagogue (Hebrew: בית כנסת ; beit knesset, "house of assembly"; Yiddish: שול, shul) is a Jewish place of religious worship.
		Image:Karaite synagogue cali.jpg Image:PilsenSynagogue.JPG Image:Templebethel.jpg During Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938, the Nazis in Germany and Austria destroyed or significantly damaged 1,574 synagogues, which included many of the greatest synagogues of Europe.
		Other large synagogues include the Great Synagogue in Jerusalem, Israel; Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary; the Great Synagogue in Plzeň, Czech Republic; the Orthodox synagogue in Košice, Slovakia.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Synagogue (2373 words)

	synagogue: Definition and Much More From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Services in the synagogue were conducted in a simpler manner than in the Temple.
		The role the synagogue played in preserving Judaism intact through the centuries cannot be overestimated, nor can its influence as an intellectual and cultural force.
		In the United States, the national synagogue associations, the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations, the United Synagogue of America (Conservative), and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (Reform) are organized in the Synagogue Council of America.
	big5.xinhuanet.com /gate/big5/www.answers.com/topic/synagogue (2811 words)

	Synagogue: united synagogue, synagogue design, touro synagogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ark is reminicsent of the Ark of the Covenant which contained the tablets with Ten Commandments.
		The touro synagogue">touro synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island is the oldest Jewish house of worship in North America.
		Other large synagogues include the great synagogue">great synagogue in Jerusalem, Israel; Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary; the great synagogue, Plzen">great synagogue in Plzeň, Czech Republic; the orthodox synagogue in Košice">orthodox synagogue in Košice, Slovakia.
	winelib.com /wiki/Synagogue (2314 words)

	Our Jerusalem.com -
		The Thekumbagam Synagogue (1647), about 100 meters south along Synagogue Lane, was demolished in the early 1970s, and the Kadavumbagam (1539), several hundred meters farther south, is a warehouse.Ernakulam now has three Jewish families — the Eliases, Nehemias and Abrahams — about 20 people all told; there were once about 1,000.
		The Thekumbagam Synagogue (1580) is a Jewish-owned poultry farm.The Simon family clings tenaciously to its beloved synagogue (originally built in 1164, rebuilt in 1616) in the town of North Parur, where once around 1,000 Jews lived.
		In Chendamangalam, the 1614 synagogue stands empty, its magnificent carved, wooden ark — an unsurpassed example of Kerala Jewish art — silently decaying, its prayer books strewn about, and a fine parchment Torah scroll awaiting rescue from oblivion.Sattu Koder is the scholarly, octogenerian leader of the community and President of the South India Jewish Association.
	www.ourjerusalem.com /history/story/history20030811.html (3572 words)

	AIArchitect, March 3, 2003 - WMF Offers Emergency Funding for Historic Jewish Sites
		Jicin Synagogue, Czech Republic (1780): The synagogue, located in an historic Bohemian town, served as a storehouse after World War II and was neglected until it was returned to the Jewish community in 2001.
		Voehl Synagogue, Germany (1827–29): This outstanding example of the rural wooden synagogues of Germany is a rare survivor of Kristallnacht.
		Zhovkva Synagogue, Ukraine (1692): Built in a royal town of architectural interest, this monumental synagogue was an important center of Jewish studies and practice in the 17th and 18th centuries.
	www.aia.org /aiarchitect/thisweek03/tw0228/0228twjewishmonuments.htm (815 words)

	Religious - Jewish/Hindu/Sikh/Islamic - Paradise Holidays - Showcasing India with pride!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The synagogue celebrated its centenary in the year 1896 and on that occasion it was renamed "Shaar-Ha-Rahamim".
		It is the first synagogue of Calcutta and was rebuilt in 1911.
		This is the first Synagogue that came into existence in the Commonwealth and one of the oldest in the world.
	www.paradiseholidays.com /relothers.html (393 words)

	INDIAN JEWS -- THE JEWS OF COCHIN - Miller Permanent Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Angadi synagogue, the oldest, was built in 1344.
		Among the Jews of Cochin were Paradesi (foreigners) exiles who settled there from Cranganore in the early 16th century.
		The Paradesi synagogue was founded and built in 1568 and later enlarged in 1761.
	www.jewishmuseum.net /Permanent/Indian_Jews.htm (288 words)

	Pepper Trail
		The most prized possessions of this Jewish Synagogue are two copper plates, inscribed in ancient script, containing details of privileges granted to the Jews during the reign of King Bhaskara Ravi Varman (962 - 1020 A.D.).
		The synagogue complex of four buildings was built in 1568 A.D. by the Jews on land gifted to them by Keseava Rama Varma, the King of Kochi.
		Reconstructed after the Portuguese bombardment in 1662, and restored in 1664, the Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest surviving synagogue in India.
	www.peppertrail.com /php/displayContent.php3?link_id=124&firstTime=yes&parent_link=0 (682 words)

	The Newsletter of the Greek Jewish Monuments VOL. 1, NO. 3, Winter 1999
		The gate on the front yard of the synagogue was built later, in (5657) 1897, according to the marble inscription on the gate.
		This synagogue was used by the families Lavi, Negrin (the author?s family), and Kofina, called mesinoi (the ones of the "inside", meaning the synagogue within the walls).
		The synagogue was built when the wealthiest merchants of the growing community of 5,000, moved in the nineteenth century outside the city walls to a new neighborhood, at a time when most Greek cities outgrew their original boundaries within their historic city walls.
	www.sefarad.org /hosted/english/KhK/003 (4946 words)

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