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	Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175 remained in force until the late sixties, so many gay men were re-imprisoned and subject to repeated persecution.
		The documentary, Paragraph 175, is depicted through several archive film clips, which are complemented with several interviews with the few who are still alive when the film was shot.
		Paragraph 175 stated, "An unnatural sex act committed between persons of the male sex or by humans with animals is punishable by imprisonment; the loss of civil rights may also be imposed." The existence of Paragraph 175 left the gay community in danger to extortion and imprisonment.
	www.dollarsmash.com /B00005YUP1.shtml (2153 words)

	PopcornQ Movies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175, German Penal Code: An unnatural sex act committed between persons of male sex or by humans with animals is punishable by imprisonment; the loss of civil rights might also be imposed.
		Therefore it is no surprise that their new effort "Paragraph 175" is not only one of the most important works in the gay film cannon, but a vibrant and lyrical movie.
		And while her story is moving, she was not subject to the provisions of the gender-specific Paragraph 175 and escaped to England before the worst of the persecution.
	www.planetout.com /pno/popcornq/db/getfilm.html?22490 (725 words)

	DVD : Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		'Paragraph 175' refers to the old German penal code concerning homosexuality, which was used to justify the prosecution of gay men during the war (the code ignored lesbians, still considered viable baby-making vessels).
		In Paragraph 175, Klaus Müller, a historian from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, sets out to interview the fewer than 10 who are known to remain alive.
		Paragraph 175 is a powerful documentary that deals with a provocative subject.
	www.morroccan.com /B00005YUP1/Paragraph_175.shtml (610 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1935, after the murder of Ernst Roem, the NSDAP amended the Paragraph 175 to close what were seen as loopholes in the current law.
		Paragraph 175: A male who commits a sex offense with another male or allows himself to be used by another male for a sex offense shall be punished with imprisonment.
		Paragraph 175b: An unnatural sex act committed by humans with animals is punishable by imprisonment; the loss of civil rights might also be imposed.
	www.pink-triangle.org /ptps/p175.html (277 words)

	Buy Documentary: Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of the hundred thousand or so gay men arrested and sent to concentration-camps, fewer than ten were known to have been alive at the time this documentary was made, and three of the survivors declined to be interviewed, for reasons that are explained during the audio commentary.
		Lesbianism wasn't considered a crime under Paragraph 175 and was viewed as a temporary treatable condition, but a handful of lesbians were also arrested or persecuted.
		It seems really unfair to fault the documentary for this reason, since these people were incredibly brave to have survived and then consented decades later to reopen the pain and finally share their stories, but it just feels like it's lacking some substance.
	dvd.video-dvd.com.ru /C_408214/G_B00005YUP1/Paragraph-175.html (2212 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Paragraph 175
		Paragraph 175 was the national German law that prohibited sex between men.
		Although homosexuality continued to be illegal under Paragraph 175, and led to the arrest and conviction of approximately 1,000 men per year, during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), German homosexual-emancipation activists became worldwide leaders in efforts to reform anti-homosexual attitudes and laws.
		Indeed, the elimination of Paragraph 175 was the chief goal of such emancipationists as Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935).
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/paragraph_175.html (734 words)

	Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175 at no time banned sexual acts between women.
		Early interpretations of Paragraph 175 as outlawing only actions resembling coitus were seen as too narrow.
		The standard legal punishment under Paragraph 175 was six months in prison.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/jeffreys/gaybway/Bent/paragraph_175.htm (390 words)

	Paragraph 175 (DVD) - 501427 Millennium-superstore.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		PARAGRAPH 175 is a documentary about the 10 to 15,000 German men who were arrested because of their homosexuality between the years of 1933 and 1945 during World War II.
		PARAGRAPH 175, from directors Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman (THE CELLULOID CLOSET), tells the tragic story and includes interviews with 7 of the only 9 living survivors.
		Then, with the implementation of an obscure legal statute (Paragraph 175) which aimed to exterminate homosexuals entirely, they became the victims of a brutal persecution.
	millennium-superstore.com /501427_Paragraph_175_DVD.asp (265 words)

	Paragraph 175
		The new law had three parts: Paragraph 175: A male who commits a sex offense with another male or allows himself to be used by another...
		Paragraph 175 Directed by Oscar winners Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman (Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt and The Celluloid Closet) and narrated by Rupert Everett, this award-winning documentary...
		IndieDocs.com: Paragraph 175: Paragraph 175 - The Nazi persecution of homosexuals may be the last untold story of the Third Reich.
	www.elipsiselectronics.com /B00005YUP1/Paragraph_175.html (1809 words)

	frameline centerpiece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175, a graceful documentary from Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman (The Times of Harvey Milk, Common Threads, The Celluloid Closet) moves and inspires, revealing the tragic, untold stories of gay men living under the Nazi regime.
		With Paragraph 175, Epstein and Friedman prove once again that they are master documentarians, and the Festival is proud to present the latest work from these world-class giants of gay film.
		Paragraph 175 dirs Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman 1999 USA 81 min 35mm in English, French, and German with English subtitles
	www.frameline.org /festival/24th/events/centerpiece.html (328 words)

	Amazon.com: Video: Paragraph 175 (2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An official selection of the 2000 Sundance Film Festival, the film is named after Paragraph 175, Germany's anti-sodomy law, which was enacted in 1871 and was gender specific to males.
		Its rigid application of Paragraph 175 was the end of an era of tolerance.
		PARAGRAPH 175 is a beautifully photographed, historicaly accurate, sensitively enlightening film about the Nazi persecution and slaughter of the Pink Triangle, as male homosexuals were designated in Hitler's concentration camps.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00005YURZ?v=glance (3096 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A national prohibition, Paragraph 175, was added to the Reich Penal Code in 1871.
		Where a party was not yet twenty-one years of age at the time of the act, the court may in especially minor cases refrain from punishment.
		Paragraph 174 of the penal code forbade incest and other sexual offenses with dependents, while paragraph 176 outlawed pedophilia.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/pwh/para175.html (279 words)

	Homosexuals: Victims of the Nazi Era
		On September 1, 1935, a harsher, amended version of Paragraph 175 of the Criminal Code, originally framed in 1871, went into effect, punishing a broad range of "lewd and lascivious" behavior between men.
		Under the revised Paragraph 175 and the creation of Special Office II S, the number of prosecutions increased sharply, peaking in the years 1937-1939.
		The 1935 version of Paragraph 175 remained in effect in the Federal Republic (West Germany) until 1969, so that well after liberation, homosexuals continued to fear arrest and incarceration.
	www.holocaust-trc.org /homosx.htm (1427 words)

	Paragraph 175 - Gay survivors of Nazi persecution - Pink triangle - Holocaust
		PARAGRAPH 175 documents the Nazi persecution of homosexuals through the words of some of its survivors.
		"Paragraph 175" is the inspiration of Klaus Muller, a U.S. Holocaust Museum representative for Western Europe.
		The end of the war in 1945 had hardly brought liberation for gay men; it was only in 1969 that Paragraph 175 of the German Penal Code outlawing homosexuality was finally repealed in West Germany.
	www.xs4all.nl /~kmlink/06films/01paragraph175/paragraph175.htm (5631 words)

	Paragraph 175 (2000): Klaus Müller, Gad Beck, Heinz Dormer, Pierre Seel - PopMatters Film Review
		Paragraph 175, the new documentary by the Academy Award-winning producing/directing team, Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, examines the persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany.
		Their individual stories, which involve confinement, persecution, and torture, are clearly extremely difficult and painful to tell, particularly when no one — families, friends, the government — has taken any interest in their stories until now.
		Lesbians were not persecuted under Paragraph 175 because the German government did not recognize their existence.
	www.popmatters.com /film/reviews/p/paragraph-175.shtml (1385 words)

	Paragraph 175 (1999)
		"Paragraph 175" is a reference to the German penal code.
		Paragraph 175 specifically spoke about homosexual men, but its original intent was ANY homosexual act.
		Not to downgrade these necessary images, but the content is enough to get the point across.
	www.moviepie.com /filmfests/paragraph_175.htm (312 words)

	PARAGRAPH 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175, a section of the German penal code dating back to the late 19th century, criminalized sexual activity between men.
		Largely ignored during the jazz-age gay renaissance of Weimar Germany, Paragraph 175 eventually provided the legal justification for the Nazi round-up and extermination of more than 15,000 homosexuals during World War II.
		PARAGRAPH 175 breaks a long silence, adding a crucial new chapter to the history of the Holocaust.
	www.seattlequeerfilm.com /00/films/15.htm (146 words)

	Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A pre-war statute that stated that "unnatural sex acts between persons of the male sex" may result in arrest and a loss of civil rights, it was a key piece of legislation used by the Nazis to harass and later imprison homosexuals during World War II.
		Whereas the reliance of many documentaries on the "talking head" shot (the dry, static shot of people talking to the camera) can usually grind the proceedings to a halt, it is the survivors’ stories, ranging from nostalgic memories of youth to terrifying tales of their internment, that drives Paragraph 175.
		It both fills in a crucial period of gay history and fleshes out the people who lived through it; it is a document that not only asks for tolerance, but also pays tribute to those who had to live without it and survived, nonetheless, to tell the tale.
	wwww.culturevulture.net /Movies2/Paragraph175.htm (622 words)

	filmcritic.com Movie Review: Paragraph 175
		The new angle here is that, for what may be the first time, homosexual survivors of the Holocaust atrocities have come forward—some hesitantly—to tell their stories.
		It is important that the horrors of the Nazis be documented, but it is also important that each subsequent film continues to delve to new depths and challenge the revelations of those that came before, lest we become desensitized to the information itself.
		Paragraph 175 does take on relatively fresh subject matter, but it painfully short in the revelation department.
	www.filmcritic.com /misc/emporium.nsf/2a460f93626cd4678625624c007f2b46/61643a1b84f35f7c88256936001fa860?OpenDocument (447 words)

	village voice > film > Into the Arms of Strangers; Paragraph 175 by Elliott Stein
		In this country, a congressional bill that would have allowed entry to the young refugees was killed in committee as Washington's powerful anti-immigration lobby opined that "accepting children without their parents is contrary to the laws of God."
		Paragraph 175 was launched after a meeting of Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman (Common Threads, The Celluloid Closet
		Everything changed with the Nazis' assumption of power and the enforcement of paragraph 175, an anti-sodomy provision of the penal code that dated from 1871.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0037/stein.shtml (458 words)

	‘Paragraph 175’: Condemned by the Nazis, but Not for Religion
		At once admirable and deeply unsettling, this film draws upon the testimony of little more than a handful of the all-but-vanished ranks of survivors to relate the horror of the Nazi purge of homosexuals from the life of Germany and the aftereffects that scar and roil these men as the 21st century begins.
		During the years of the Weimar Republic, between the end of World War I and the rise of Hitler, Paragraph 175 was rarely enforced, and the Berlin of the 1920’s was, in the words and images of the film, "a homosexual Eden."
		About half were sentenced to prison; 10,000 to 15,000 were sent to concentration camps, and by the end of the war, only about 4,000 of those in the camps had survived.
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/germany/genews002.htm (581 words)

	Paragraph 175 (2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Plot Outline: Historian Klaus Müller interviews survivors of the Nazi persecution of homosexuals because of the German Penal Code of 1871, Paragraph 175.
		Trivia: The statute of Paragraph 175 was amended several times.
		The Nazis broadened the law in 1935 and increased its prosecutions by an order of magnitude; thousands died in concentration camps, regardless of guilt or innocence.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0236576 (718 words)

	DVD Talk > Reviews > Paragraph 175
		One group rarely discussed in the decades since World War II is the hundred thousand homosexuals stripped of their identities and placed under arrest by the Nazi regime.
		Paragraph 175, named for the anti-sodomy law used by the Nazis, takes the personal approach to this subject, interviewing a half dozen of the survivors (only about ten were known to exist at the time of the film) and really emphasizing the diverse nature of the subjects.
		Paragraph 175, which runs a short 81 minutes, is a perfect continuation of that mission as well as an excellent addition to the canon of fine non-fiction films on World War II.
	www.dvdtalk.com /reviews/read.php?ID=5068 (700 words)

	Combustible Celluloid - Paragraph 175
		I would argue that Paragraph 175 is an important document that deserves to be seen by many people.
		I agree that gay and lesbian survivors have a right to tell their version of the story, but their story isn't all that different from other parties who were persecuted.
		I got the impression that many of the interviewees in Paragraph 175 had grown tired of telling their stories again and again.
	www.combustiblecelluloid.com /paragraph.shtml (511 words)

	Paragraph 175 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Paragraph 175: A male who commits a sex offense with another male or allows himself to be used by another male for a...
		Paragraph 175 interviews the few surviving homosexuals who endured unspeakable horrors under the Nazi regime...
		Though its subject has seen scrutiny before, both nonfiction and dramatic, docu Paragraph 175 easily reps the definitive screen chronicle to date of homosexual persecution under the Third Reich...
	www.moviesbytitle.com /Paragraph-175.html (497 words)

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