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Topic: Paralanguage

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	Meatball Wiki: ParaLanguage
		Paralanguage is communication that goes beyond the specific spoken words.
		Paralanguage reminds us that people convey their feelings not only in what they say, but also in how they say it.
		The intonational ParaLanguage that conveys emotional intent is like colour that connects chunks'' of words and ideas together (that is, it's higher level than clauses).
	www.usemod.com /cgi-bin/mb.pl?ParaLanguage (1124 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.1023: Anthropological Linguistics: Poyatos (2002)
		Paralanguage or ''nonverbal qualities and modifiers of voice and independent sounds and silences'' can be divided into four categories: primary qualities which individualize: timbre, resonance, intensity or loudness, pitch register, intonation (monotone-melodious) syllabic length and rhythm; qualifiers which are different types of voice as i.e.
		The importance of paralanguage and emblems (defined as nonambiguous gestures) especially in intercultural encounters is highlighted to end the first volume of the trilogy.
		The primary qualities of paralanguage, the first of the non-segmental categories, are those voice qualities that differentiate individuals: timbre, resonance, intensity, tempo, pitch, intonation range, rhythm.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-1023.html (2938 words)

	Paralanguage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion.
		Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously, and it includes pitch, volume, and intonation of speech.
		Nonetheless, paralanguage in written communication is limited in comparison with face-to-face conversation, sometimes leading to misunderstandings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paralanguage (240 words)

	[No title]
		This research interprets the roles and functions of paralanguage in computer-mediated communication and explores the phenomenon as an indicator of certain kinds of expression.
		Paralanguage in electronic mail is positioned between spoken and written paralanguage in its visual and interpretive structures.
		Electronic paralanguage is revealed to be a component of communication which in some situations showed substantial differences by the rank of the respondent, as well as differences in individual behaviors.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~hgs/bib/net87.bib (3542 words)

	Language and Culture: Hidden Aspects of Communication
		The paralanguage messages that can be observed through face to face contact also makes it more difficult to lie or to hide emotions.
		Paralanguage is often more important in communication than what is actually being said orally.
		Communication with people from other societies or ethnic groups is fraught with the danger of misunderstanding if their culture and paralanguage is unknown to you or ignored.
	anthro.palomar.edu /language/language_6.htm (2437 words)

	Paralanguage
		Research on the tone of voice emerged in 1951 by George Trager and Henry Lee Smith and was followed with research of other aspects of paralanguage.
		If someone says something with a sarcastic tone, it makes the meaning of what has been said be the complete opposite of what the words actually mean.
		Paralanguage can be a confusing factor in intercultural communication.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory44.htm (357 words)

	Utz/Social Information Processing in MUDS/Journal of Online Behavior 1.1
		The use of verbal paralanguage should be an important factor in the development of impressions.
		The partial correlation between paralanguage and friends, controlling for MUD-time and hours per week, was r (95) =.38, p <.01, showing that the substantial link between the use of paralanguage and the making of friends is not only due to time spent in virtual worlds, but also to the expression of relational contents in words.
		However, the results in group 4 are striking: The skepticals deny the development of friendships, and score only 3.33 at paralanguage use--a scale on which a value of 3 meant "occasionally"--and is very low for a MUD, due to the purely text-based communication.
	www.behavior.net /job/v1n1/utz.html (9169 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines [Z NCAD 2]
		Paralanguage and kinesics define the tripartite nature of speech.
		Kinesics is viewed from interactive, intercultural and cross-cultural, and literary perspectives, with much needed research principles for the realistic study of gestures, manners and postures in their intersystemic links.
		A discussion of silence and stillness as opposed to sound and movement and related to darkness and light, shows their true interactive status, coding, functions, qualifiers, intersystemic co-structurations, positive and negative functions, and cross-cultural attitudes toward silence.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=Z_NCAD_2 (283 words)

	Paralinguistics: It's Clinical Application
		Unless you have a practice in which you move from room to room administering adjustments in near-silence, paralanguage could have considerably more importance than you realize.
		In all probability, the experienced doctor can usually tell whether regular patients are feeling better or worse just by the sound of their voice.
		A knowledge of paralanguage is one such skill.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/09/09/01.html (814 words)

	Saint Anselm College Department of Psychology Senior Theses
		These scales, along with a scale for perceived attractiveness of the voice were used in the present study to rate the credibility of the paralanguage of the voices of politicians and non-politicians.
		This requirement of the voice clips helped to minimize any differences that may exist between the paralanguage of public speaking and the paralanguage used in more intimate conversations, which was the format used to record the non-politicians.
		Even though the results of the study regarding a particular paralanguage pattern associated with credibility are inconclusive, the importance of attractiveness in the impression formation of politicians was highlighted.
	www.anselm.edu /internet/psych/theses/seniors2002/surawski (3319 words)

	Exploring Nonverbal Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Everything else is vocal paralanguage and this includes a very LARGE number of potentially important clues: pronunciation, national accent, regional accent, fluency or dysfluency, standard or non-standard speech, whether the language we speak was our native tongue, emotion, charisma, indications of our relationship with the listener, sarcasm, deference, contempt, truth or deception, etc.
		Vocal paralanguage is extremely subtle, but the clues in our voices are clear and legible.
		This makes vocal paralanguage one of the most powerful 'channels' of nonverbal communication, and the power of the voice is celebrated and explored in THE HUMAN VOICE.
	nonverbal.ucsc.edu /voice.html (221 words)

	nEt.SPeAk - 3. Contextualisation Cues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		But for a MUD to fully support conversational communication it should, logically, include paralanguage and kinesics also for these are just as important as the verbal interaction.
		Poyatos (1983) defines paralanguage as the non-verbal voice qualities, modifiers and sounds which we use consciously or unconsciously supporting or contradicting the linguistic, kinesic or proxemic messages either simultaneously or alternating with them (p.
		The subtly (as well as simultaneousness) of paralanguage and kinesics is lost.
	www.doleos.demon.co.uk /net.speak/chapter3.html (1059 words)

	Social behavior and personality: an international journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Specifically of concern was whether these modes of paralanguage were hierarchial and whether they were used consistently from one setting to another.
		They were then videotaped interacting in a triad setting with the same people with whom they had been in the dyad setting.
		The findings indicate that paralanguage hierarchies do emerge in dyads and triads and that the speaking-order and talking-time ranks correlated well between the dyad and triad.
	www.sbp-journal.com /journal_detail.php?journal_id=805 (219 words)

	tone
		Research on "tone of voice" emerged in 1951 with the study of paralanguage in pioneering research by George Trager and Henry Lee Smith (Trager 1958).
		In 1953, researchers noted that language was accompanied by two other communication systems, kinesics (i.e., body-motion signs) and the extra-linguistic noises of paralanguage (Hall and Trager 1953).
		In 1958, paralanguage was defined to include voice qualities ("modifications of language and other noises") and vocalizations ("noises not having the structure of language") (Trager 1958:4).
	members.aol.com /nonverbal2/tone.htm (1076 words)

	Anthropology 11, DEFINITIONS for Haviland, Chapter 4: Language and Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		in paralanguage, the background characteristics of a speaker's voice
		in paralanguage, sound productions such as laughing or crying that humans "speak" through
		in paralanguage, sound productions that are similar to the sounds of language, but do not appear in sequences that can properly be called words.
	www.umsl.edu /~wolfordj/courses/a11ws02/ch4defs.html (490 words)

	Exploring Nonverbal Communication
		Whether we are conscious of our voices or not, they speak volumes about us--our biography, who we are, how we are feeling, what kind of person we are, and what we really mean.
		The people we speak to listen not only to the text of what we say but also to the paralanguage with which we say it.
		Vocal paralanguage is a powerful, subtle, and vital part of human communication.
	zzyx.ucsc.edu /~archer/vid2.html (1164 words)

	Free Essays - Use Of Paralanguage And Kinesics In Everyday Life
		Use Of Paralanguage And Kinesics In Everyday Life
		The use of kinesics and paralanguage in everyday life is the most
		Paralanguage has many forms such as whistling which can be
	www.freeessays.tv /a868.htm (357 words)

	Kinesics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Drawing heavily on descriptive linguistics, Birdwhistell argued that all movements of the body have meaning (ie.
		are not accidental), and that these non-verbal forms of language (or paralanguage) have a grammar that can be analysed in similar terms to spoken language.
		Thus, a "kineme" is "similar to a phoneme because it consists of a group of movements which are not identical, but which may be used interchangeably without affecting social meaning" (Knapp 1972:94-95).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kinesics (478 words)

	Berkeley Media LLC: Catalog: The Human Voice: Exploring Vocal Paralanguage
		Every time we speak, our voice reveals our gender, age, geographic background, level of education, native birth, emotional state, and our relationship with the person spoken to.
		Vocal paralanguage is everything else -- the thousands of ways in which any given words can be said.
		What he did for the study of gestures with his video, "A World of Gestures," he has now done for tone of voice.
	www.berkeleymedia.com /catalog/berkeleymedia/films/communication/language_linguistics/the_human_voice_exploring_vocal_paralanguage_ (270 words)

	[No title]
		PARALANGUAGE Paralanguage refers to the vocal components of speech, separate from the actual meaning of the word.
		Because paralanguage is a powerful part of communication, we ask ourselves these questions: * Does my voice have resonance (associated with firmness and strength)?
		By answering these questions we can then identify personal weaknesses and advantages in the use of paralanguage.
	home.officiating.com /sowb/communicate.txt (1232 words)

	Writing articles - Writing news
		While many of the stories I read are destined for publication, I find that 10 common mistakes crop up again and again in the other manuscripts I edit each week.
		The study of vocalics or paralanguage deals with the non-verbal qualities of speech.
		Paralanguage instantaneously conveys information such as gender, education, origin, mood, and our relationship with the person being spoken to.
	www.articlesmagazine.com /category-54.php (2137 words)

	CMIL-mainframe
		The Human Voice: Exploring Vocal Paralanguage, The Interpersonal Perception Task (co-produced with Mark Costanzo), The IPT-15, Personal Space: Exploring Human Proxemics, A World of Differences: Understanding Cross-Cultural Communication, A World of Food: Tastes and Taboos in Different Cultures, and A World of Gestures.
		I was particularly impressed by the focus on both spoken language (e.g., interruptions, interaction work, tag questions, etc.) and nonverbal behaviors (e.g., smiling, touching, spacial proximity, kinesics, and vocal paralanguage).
		Vocal paralanguage is everything else - the thousands of ways in which any given words can be said.
	ucmedia.berkeley.edu /sales/medicine04/medmain4.html (5784 words)

	(paralanguage)
		Communication Strategy Summary Face-to-Face Telephone Written Pace Nonverbal (physiology, and appearance, paralanguage) Vocabulary Values, beliefs, and criteria Voice (tone, pitch, and rate of speech) Context and expectation Vocabulary Values...
		ANT 101: Cultural Anthropology Chapter 4: Language and Communication Reading Assignment: Haviland (8th ed) - pages 90 - 117 Objectives: Be knowledgeable about and capable of working problems in the following areas: The Nature of Language The Sound..
		Official Course Description: MCCCD Approval: 06/27/95 COM100AA 956-999 LEC 1 Credit(s) 1 Period(s) Introduction to Human Communication Part I Theory and practice of communication skills in public, small group, and interpersonal settings.
	euphrates.wpunj.edu /faculty/wagnerk/webagogy/(paralanguage).htm (848 words)

	Hampton Union Local Business News: Poor ‘paralanguage’ can cost you a job
		During the interview, Jane was about as animated as the Tin Man in "The Wizard of Oz." Her excitement about the position struggled to emerge, making a mere cameo appearance.
		Communication experts say paralanguage, including everything from facial expressions to tone of voice, contribute to more than 70 percent of interpersonal communication, affecting how a message is interpreted.
		Thus, the actual words of a message have less impact than the non-verbal cues accompanying them.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2005news/hampton/07082005/business/51836.htm (760 words)

	Practice Quiz for Hidden Aspects of Communication
		Humans are the only animals that use non-verbal methods of communication.
		Only about 10% of what we communicate when talking directly with others is through paralanguage.
		Paralanguage is part of the redundancy in communication that helps prevent ineffective communication.
	anthro.palomar.edu /language/quizzes/langqui6.htm (417 words)

	Psychology of Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lea and Spears suggests that paralanguage takes the form of typographical marks and other text features, although they have no lexical meaning, these linguistic cues nevertheless signify socially shared meanings.
		Do you feel that impressions formed via the use of paralanguage (e.g.
		Is paralanguage usage in CMC comparable to its use in face-to-face interactions?
	www.ship.edu /~jacamp/questions.htm (200 words)

	Definition of paralanguage - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Learn more about "paralanguage" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "paralanguage" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "paralanguage" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=paralanguage (48 words)

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