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Topic: Parallel computing

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	Parallel computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster.
		Parallel processor machines are also divided into symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessors, depending on whether all the processors are capable of running all the operating system code and, say, accessing I/O devices or if some processors are more or less privileged.
		Such mechanisms may provide either implicit parallelism -- the system (the compiler or some other program) partitions the problem and allocates tasks to processors automatically (also called automatic parallelizing compilers) -- or explicit parallelism where the programmer must annotate his program to show how it is to be partitioned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parallel_computing (1086 words)

	Parallel Computing - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The term parallel processor is sometimes used for a computer with more than one central processing unit, available for parallel processing.
		Similar boosted efficency claims are sometimes aired for the use of a cluster of cheap computers as a replacement of a large multiprocessor, but again the actual results depend much on the problem at hand and the ability to partition the problem in a way that is conductive to clustering.
		Such mechanisms may provide either implicit parallelism - the system (the compiler or some other program) partitions the problem and allocates tasks to processors automatically or explicit parallelism where the programmer must annotate his program to show how it is to be partitioned.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /parallel_computing.htm (969 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Parallel computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processor (Someone who processes things (foods or photographs or applicants etc.)) s in order to obtain faster results.
		In fact, in recent years, most high performance computing (additional info and facts about high performance computing) systems, also known as supercomputer (A mainframe computer that is one of the most powerful available at a given time) s, have a parallel architecture.
		Parallel computers are theoretically modeled as Parallel Random Access Machine (additional info and facts about Parallel Random Access Machine) s (PRAMs).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/parallel_computing.htm (1195 words)

	Parallel Computing Using Transputers
		We use a parallel prime number sieve to demonstrate how several principles of parallel computing can be taught using a transputer network.
		However, the problem size is really much larger: for computing all primes less than 1,000,000 we reduce a single processor time of just under a minute to less than 20 seconds; but for all primes less than 100,000,000 we reduce about eight hours computation time to about fifteen minutes.
		The parallel prime number sieve is an example of how a manageable parallel program run on a transputer network, or some other message-passing system, can be used to demonstrate many of the principles of parallel computing.
	www.wellesley.edu /CS/forum/contrib/nevison.html (2204 words)

	Encyclopedia: Parallel computing
		In computing, a parallel port is an interface from a computer system where data is transferred in or out in parallel, that is, on more than one wire.
		On many modern (2005) computers, the parallel port is omitted for cost savings, and is considered to be a legacy port.
		Parallel ports are most often used by microprocessors to communicate with peripherals.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Parallel-computing (313 words)

	Parallel processing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parallel processing is the ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli.
		This is one of the reasons that the human brain is much more powerful than the computer.
		For while the computer's speed is a million times faster than a human's neural network, it is the fact that we have a large number of processors compared to computers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parallel_processing (187 words)

	CS 838 - Topics in Parallel Computing - Spring 1999
		The aim of the course is to introduce you into the art of designing efficient and analyzing parallel algorithms for both shared-memory and distributed memory machines.
		Parallel branch-and-bound algorithms are given to learn more about load balancing and program termination protocols for irregular parallel algorithms.
		There is a couple of books on parallel algorithms and parallel computing you might find useful as a supplementary source of information, but in no case you have to read them to get through this course.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~tvrdik/cs838.html (1038 words)

	Ya. Fet, D. Pospelov. Parallel Computing in Russia.
		A brief sketch of the history of parallel computing in Russia is presented.
		The level-parallel form is a graph the verteces of which are identified with the segments of the program subject to parallelizing while the arcs correspond to the functional dependences between the segments and the communications between the processes.
		This computer was one of the first pipeline processors, and thus a prototype of modern vector supercomputers.
	ssd.sscc.ru /fet/pcr.html (4434 words)

	Introduction to Parallel Computing information page
		This course is a gentle introduction to parallel computing concepts.
		The commonly used parallel computers are characterized as to what they have in common, and also what makes them different.
		She currently is a member of NCSA's Scientific Computing Division (SCD), where she works as a user consultant and trainer, and holds the position of HPC Training Lead.
	foxtrot.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8900 /public/HPC (375 words)

	Parallel Computing
		Parallel Computing is the simultaneous use of multiple compute resources to solve a computational problem.
		To conduct parallel computing, the compute resources can include a single computer with multiple processors (Parallel Processing), an arbitrary number of computers connected by a network or a combination of both.
		Parallel computing is an evolution of serial computing that attempts to emulate what has always been the state of affairs in the natural world: many complex, interrelated events happening at the same time, yet within a sequence.
	www.networkdictionary.com /software/ParallelComputing.php (314 words)

	PARALLEL COMPUTING
		We are studying the input/output patterns of large-scale scientific computations to develop the new abstractions, data management algorithms, and data organizations required to achieve scalable performance.
		As part of our research in the automatic parallelization of FORTRAN programs, we are developing techniques to solve such recurrences in parallel or to overlap their serial solution with other computation using DO ACROSS and other similar techniques.
		We are extending this study to distributed memory parallel systems, investigating the interaction of file system design and potential performance by capturing and analyzing application input/output patterns, and studying mechanisms for real-time, performance-directed control of system behavior.
	www.engr.uiuc.edu /communications/engineering_research/1997/cs/PARALLEL.html (2346 words)

	CS525: Parallel Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		CS525, Parallel Computing deals with emerging trends in the use of large scale computing platforms ranging from tightly coupled SMPs and message passing parallel computers to loosely connected clusters and multiclusters.
		Parallel computing platforms: This part of the class outlines parallel computing hardware.
		Applications: A variety of parallel applications from diverse domains such as data analysis, graphics and visualization, particle dynamics, and discrete event and direct numerical simulations will be discussed.
	www.cs.purdue.edu /homes/ayg/CS525 (233 words)

	IS PARALLEL COMPUTING DEAD?
		If parallel computing is to survive in the new environment, a much larger fraction of sales must be to industry, which seems to be substantially less concerned with high-end performance.
		Without such a standard, a software vendor's investment in conversion to parallel machines is not protected--when a new parallel computing architecture with a new programming interface emerges, the application would need to be retargeted.
		Second, the software and algorithms problems that must be solved for scalable parallel systems to be usable (e.g., development of scalable parallel programming interfaces and standard programming languages) also need to be solved for networks of workstations if they are to succeed as high-end computing engines.
	www.crpc.rice.edu /newsletters/oct94/director.html (718 words)

	Eclipse Project Takes on Parallel Computing- ADTmag.com
		Parallel application developers often find themselves juggling tools to match the different machines, shifting gears from stark command-line interfaces and text editors to a range of graphical user interfaces.
		In the scientific computing community, which is where parallel computers are most commonly used, FORTRAN is still a very important language, Watson says.
		Parallel computing is an umbrella term for several architectures, including symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), clustering and massively parallel processors (MPPs).
	www.adtmag.com /article.asp?id=10943 (737 words)

	Topic Area: Parallel Processing
		The International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), held annually in the Spring, serves as the flagship activity of this TC.
		Parallel Computer Architecture: A Hardware/Software Approach, Morgan Kaufmann, © 1998.
		The Sourcebook of Parallel Computing, Morgan Kaufmann, © 2002.
	dsonline.computer.org /portal/site/dsonline/menuitem.9ed3d9924aeb0dcd82ccc6716bbe36ec/index.jsp?&pName=dso_level1&path=dsonline/topics/parallel&file=index.xml&xsl=article.xsl&;jsessionid=DxHJkBSVfSQKThdZcQk9Jzb8xW1ckdCXqhWTVTPnlj6MqTJ9ytC2!815904358 (406 words)

	Colgate Parallel Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Every summer since the parallel computing laboratory was established in 1987-88, one to four undergraduate students have done independent summer research projects using the Colgate parallel computers, under the direction of Professor Nevison.
		Laboratories for Parallel Computing is suitable for use with any message-passing architecture, including systems that use PVM or MPI on a parallel machine or on a network of workstations.
		Several faculty workshops for parallel computing have been held at Colgate in the past and may be again in the future.
	cs.colgate.edu /faculty/nevison.pub/parallel.html (695 words)

	Nan's Parallel Computing Page
		KROC - Occam for all (Univ. of Kent)
		MACS 440/563: Parallel Computing for Scientists and Engineers (CO School of Mines)
		Parallel Computer Architecture A Hardware/Software Approach, by Culler and Singh
	www.cs.rit.edu /~ncs/parallel.html (920 words)

	Parallel Computing Toolkit: Product Information
		Parallel Computing Toolkit brings parallel computation to anyone with access to more than one processor, regardless of whether the processors are multiprocessor machines, networked PCs, or a Top 500 supercomputer.
		Programs written using Parallel Computing Toolkit are platform independent and can run on any computer for which Mathematica is available.
		Parallel Computing Toolkit is also a major component of gridMathematica.
	www.wolfram.com /products/applications/parallel (269 words)

	Mannheim University Linux Homepage
		Pentium Farm is a project involving 10 Linux SMP Pentiums connected to act as a cluster for parallel proccessing.
		Parallel Processing refers to the concept of speeding-up the execution of a program by dividing the program into multiple fragments that can execute simultaneously, each on its own processor.
		PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) will permit a heterogeneous collection of Unix computers hooked together by a network to be used as a single large parallel computer.Thus large computational problems can be solved more cost effectively by using the aggregate power and memory of many computers.
	suparum.rz.uni-mannheim.de /Linux (481 words)

	Parallel Computing Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It is suitable for new or prospective users, managers, students and anyone seeking a general overview of parallel computing.
		The tutorial provides training in parallel computing concepts and terminology, and uses examples selected from large-scale engineering, scientific, and data intensive applications.
		The tutorial shows basic parallelization approaches and discusses some of the software engineering aspects of the parallelization process, including the use of state-of-the-art tools.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /~qstout/tut (368 words)

	Forum on Parallel Computing Curricula
		In the last few years, many institutions have developed and offered courses on parallel computation, in recognition of the growing significance of this topic in computer science.
		Parallel computation curricula are still new, however, and there is a clear need for communication and cooperation among the faculty who teach such courses.
		This workshop, following the lead of the first Forum in 1995, will address this need by bringing together parallel computing researchers, faculty who teach parallel computing courses, and faculty who are interested in developing parallel computing courses in their own schools.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /FPCC (395 words)

	The Center For Advanced Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		There are three Apple-focused webcasts at http://www.bio-itworld.com/webcasts/applewebcasts/; the topics are "Computational Clustering in the Sciences", "Grid Computing and the Life Sciences", and "Apple in Science: Diversifying the IT Infrastructure".
		Candidates are expected to have computational science research experience in a domain science (physics, bioenginering, molecular dynamics, engineering, chemistry, bioinformatics, geo science, biomedical imaging, etc.).
		SDSC Scientific Computing staff work with computational researchers, across universities in the US, to enhance their simulation capabilites using the dynamically changing environment of supercomputers and large data resources.
	cac.engin.umich.edu (1380 words)

	Manning Distributed and Parallel Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Distributed and Parallel Computing is a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in concurrent computing.
		Particularly, the notion that parallel and distributed computing are two separate fields is now beginning to fade away; technological advances have been bridging the gap.
		Distributed and Parallel Computing is designed for computer science and engineering students as well as professionals in the field (programmers, managers, technologists).
	www.manning.com /El-Rewini (349 words)

	Supercomputing and Parallel Computing Research Groups
		Computational model and system based on computation at abstract locations, and built on active messages.
		Parallel extension of C that provides a programming model of MIMD threads plus shared objects.
		Parallel extension to C with global address space for distributed-memory multiprocessors.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~scandal/research-groups.html (752 words)

	SAL- Parallel Computing - Programming Languages & Systems
		Most parallel programming languages are conventional or sequential programming languages with some parallel extensions.
		A compiler is a program that converts the source code written in a specific language into another format, eventually in assembly or machine code that a computer understands.
		NESL -- a parallel programming language which is easy and portable.
	ceu.fi.udc.es /SAL/C/1/index.shtml (402 words)

	SAL: Parallel Computing
		Parallel computing extends to systems with more processors to obtain speedup in code execution.
		The efficiency and effectiveness of the parallelism are largely dependent on the problems to be solved with selected algorithms and hardware architectures.
		The computing nodes of SHRIMP are Pentium PCs (Linux), and the routing network is the same one used in the Intel Paragon.
	ceu.fi.udc.es /SAL/C/index.shtml (287 words)

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