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Topic: Parallel drainage system

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	Planning an Agricultural Subsurface Drainage System (Publication Series) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To protect crops, a subsurface drainage system must be able to remove excess water from the upper portion of the active root zone 24 to 48 hours after a heavy rain.
		The system outlet, whether an open channel or a closed pipe, must be large enough to carry the desired drainage discharge from a field quickly enough to prevent significant crop damage.
		When a system of parallel laterals is used, the drain spacing and depth should be considered simultaneously, based on soil type, soil permeability and stratification, the crops to be grown, the desired drainage coefficient, and the degree of surface drainage.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/DC7685.html (3055 words)

	Dry bottle drainage system - Patent 4902284
		Wound drainage systems incorporating manometers having water whose level indicates fluid pressure are inconvenient because of the need to add water prior to use, as well as because of their size and weight.
		In addition, accuracy of present underwater drainage systems is limited in that the filling of the manometers and the reading of the various gauges must be done visually by observing the liquid level in the respective chambers.
		To operate system 201, port 4 is connected to the suction source, and the user rotates knob 58 to preset cantilever arm 55 to adjust the length of spring 61 according to the suction setting desired.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4902284.html (5605 words)

	Gutterless drainage system - Patent 6805517
		The drainage system is comprised of a trough, a plurality of interconnected conduits received within the trough, a frame member received on the plurality of interconnected conduits and a grate member received on the frame member.
		The drainage system as defined in claim 1 wherein said grate member is comprised of a plurality of spaced-apart slat members and at least two runners, said slat members being attached to said runners.
		The gutterless drainage system 10 is then received within the trough 30 and positioned so that the top surface of grate member 16 is at grade level and pitched so that rain water and/or melted snow will pass therethrough.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6805517.html (2231 words)

	Drainage pipes, drainage system pipes
		Drainage is required for those grounds where underground water infiltrations can result in serious damage both for the civil and agricultural field.
		The main operation of a drainage pipe is to collect and discharged the water in excess.
		The standard drainage pipes are usually installed in parallel (see figure 5) and can be connected directly to an open channel or a closed manifold, which ends in open channel.
	www.polieco.com /eng/drenaggi_scopi.asp (522 words)

	ASBA - Section I.E. - Subsurface and Surface Drainage for Recreational Areas
		A peripheral subsurface drainage system is installed where needed to intercept and redirect the flow of subsurface water that might otherwise accumulate beneath recreational areas.
		Surface drainage usually consists of a series of swales or a fabricated system designed to redirect surface water that might otherwise flow over the recreational surface, and to prevent seepage of water beneath the surface.
		The system consists of a plastic dimpled or waffle sheet that forms a channel to permit the vertical and horizontal flow of water on each side covered by a non-woven geotextile fabric.
	sportsbuilders.org /page.php?id=30 (1841 words)

	Water drainage
		Advanced drainage systems makes use of high density polythene drainage pipes and uses a number of new technology applications which is why it has gained tremendous popularity in the recent past.
		Drainage of water includes removal of excess of water from the ground by the help of drainage equipment it can be done by the system of surface ditching, or under ground conduits.
		Ground water drainage is considered to be a vital and most hidden resource and always depend on the quality and quantity by which its purity and availability is always taken for granted.
	www.nichehomeimprovementarticles.com /drainage/water-drainage.html (878 words)

	Derailed reforms in irrigation sector -DAWN - Business; March 20, 2006
		Over the years irrigation system developed serious snags as canals were not operated according to their design, illegal/tempered outlets became common, de-silting became rare and the farmers applied water without scientific knowledge of crop, climate and soil.
		The sudden stoppage of funds left the Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority (Sida) in a dilemma.
		Sindh being at the lowest end of the Indus Basin is considered as conduit for drainage for the upcountry.
	www.dawn.com /2006/03/20/ebr5.htm (1452 words)

	Drainage
		It is inserted into a shallow trench in place of pipe and gravel to provide drainage in lawns and landscape without disrupting the surrounding areas.
		This drainage comosite can be used for interior or exterior drainage applications and is provided in rolls.
		It gathers water to be delivered and released to water-safe areas away from structures, erosion-prone landscapes and poor drainage areas.
	www.masternurseries.com /drainage.html (1041 words)

	Publications
		At the time of management turnover in 1976, the systems were in good physical condition, and rehabilitation was not an issue in negotiations between the government and the farmers.
		Despite pressure from the government, farmers have refused to repay the cost of rehabilitation in either system, except for an agreement with farmers in Coello to repay the cost of building a feeder canal to supplement their water supply (which is still under construction, today).
		The most common ways in which management had improved, according to the farmers of both systems were (1) in communication between district staff and farmers, (2) in responsiveness of district staff to farmers, and (3) in water distribution.
	www.iwmi.cgiar.org /pubs/PUB004/body.htm (9346 words)

	A Parallel Cartographic Modelling System:
		The implementation is portable to a wide number of parallel computing platforms and has been tested on 3 different platforms ranging from a loosely coupled cluster of workstations to a tightly couple supercomputer.
		The calculation of surficial features, such as slopes and drainage, depend on viewing the location as a grid square, which is bevelled by taking into consideration the relative heights of locations in the immediate neighbourhood.
		Two types of communication are used: point-to-point communication, in which one processor receives data from another, and collective communication using MPI reduction functions, in which data is collected from all the processors, a predefined or user-defined reduction operation is performed on it, and the result is returned to all the processors.
	cg.scs.carleton.ca /~morin/publications/gis/tomlin-gis.html (2825 words)

	69. BUILDING THE SEA DEFENCE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
		To allow for easy drainage, and also to obtain irrigation water from the inland areas, each coastal plantation was established in a rectangular pattern.
		Parallel canals on the two sides ran from the back lands to the sea or river and emptied through kokers (or sluices).
		Smaller canals (or trenches) cut across the breadth of the plantation to connect to the main parallel canals, and the flow of water through them was also controlled by smaller kokers.
	www.guyana.org /features/guyanastory/chapter69.html (693 words)

	Indiana Drainage Guide
		The drainage recommendations presented here were prepared for two purposes-(1) to help Indiana landowners, and operators identify the drain- age needs on their farms, and (2)10 help engineers, contractors, and other professionals make the proper recommendations to landowners in planning, designing and constructing drainage systems.
		Let’s assume that a 50-acre field is to be drained using plastic tubing, that the field’s drainage coefficient (DC) is 3/8 inch (i.e., 3/8 of water removed from each acre in 24 hours), and that the main line slope is to be 0.15 foot per 100 feet (0.15%).
		*Drainage coefficient is the amount of water to be removed from the area in ~4 hours and is usually expressed as inches of depth per unit area.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~abe325/week.10/drainage.htm (2699 words)

	A PIPE DRAINAGE SYSTEM DEVOTED TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
		A parallel drains network was installed; corrugated, non-enveloped PVC pipes were arranged at different spacings to avoid the drains stand on the same row of previous open ditches, where altered soil properties would have affected drainage functions; the main features of the pipe drainage network are reported in Table 2.
		In 1994, the pipe drainage system was modified to separate the leachates of the four EUs.
		Each cropping system was considered as a whole, representing a sort of "small farm", ignoring that 1 to 5 crops are cultivated on their soils during a one-year period.
	www.dpvta.uniud.it /~Ceccon/docs/Automar.html (2629 words)

	Streams and Drainage Systems
		Drainage Basins and Divides - Drainage systems develop in such a way as to efficiently move water off the land.
		Thus various types of drainage patterns develop in a region and these drainage patterns reflect the structure of the rock.
		Thus major continental divides and the drainage patterns in the major basins reflect the recent geologic history of the continents.
	www.tulane.edu /~sanelson/geol111/streams.htm (2441 words)

	Drainage grates
		The drainage grate systems are suitable for all domestic outdoor areas such as courtyards, driveways, landscape gardens, pool side areas, etc. The unique designer drainage grates secure appeal from householders and architects looking for a quality statement in the way they want to handle surface water runoff.
		A related problem involves old style parallel bar drainage grates, which can trap the front wheel of a bicycle, causing the bicyclist to be pitched over the handlebars.
		Parallel bar drain grates can be replaced with modern bicycle safe and hydraulically efficient models like the van e or honeycomb grates.
	www.pokingaroundthehome.com /articles/1107/1/Drainage-grates (419 words)

	Urban Drainage System -
		This major constraint to the effective surface drainage within the city area is aggravated by the wide range of rainfall intensities that prevail during the monsoon period.
		The parallel system methodology adopted for the present modelling study is schematically outlined in Figure 2.
		Due to this reduced capacity of certain sections of the drainage system parts of the model network were described with reduced flow area of the drainage pipes.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc97/proc97/to500/pap487/p487.htm (2969 words)

	Drainage Well
		Drainage Well : A well drilled to carry excess water off agricultural fields.
		Agricultural drainage well - A type of Class V well used to drain farmland for cultivation or collect irrigation and stormwater runoff.
		The purpose of the DPOC drainage well field is to provide adequate...
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Drainage_Well.html (242 words)

	Landfill: leachate collection and removal system, drainage, Tenax geosynthetics
		The leachate collection and removal systems (LCRS) is commonly the only lateral drainage system provided in a MSW landfill and serves as the primary means for leachate collection and removal.
		The leachate collection system must be capable of providing adequate flow capacity for the life of the landfill.
		In fact conventional geocomposites may experience a reduction in its drainage capacity due to compressive creep, caused by sustained normal load, and biological and chemical clogging caused by the leachate.
	www.tenax.net /geosynthetics/drainage/leachate_collection.htm (441 words)

	5.7 DRAINAGE/HYDROLOGY
		The existing drainage area boundaries and node numbers which relate to the calculations in the drainage analysis are shown in Section 3, which is contained in Appendix F of the EIR.
		Because the existing areas north of the project currently experience drainage deficiencies, this increase is considered to be significant.
		Construct the necessary storm drainage improvements (identified on Exhibit 42 within the EIR) to handle increased flows and intercept off-site flows.
	www.bixby.org /parkside/documents/EIR/VolumeII/5.7.html (3001 words)

	Tennis Court Surfaces and Other Sport Surfaces USTC & TBA Section 1.E
		The intention of this guideline is to equip the reader with a basic understanding of systems in order to plan properly for new construction or to recognize and correct existing problems.
		Swales can be located on the ends or sides of a facility and carry water to the outlet area.
		Calculations should be done to determine the amount of subsurface and surface drainage that must be handled.
	www.novasports.com /ref/section1e.htm (1780 words)

	Mumbai residents clear deluge rubble : Mumbai, rains, battling the deluge, cleaning houses : IBNLive.com : CNN-IBN
		The residents of the Parkside colony in Vilkhroli showed a die-hard spirit as they endeavoured to clear the rubble and drainage to divert the water, which flooded their houses.
		The idea actually came in to practice when a local builder along with the government officials randomly decided to create a parallel drainage system, covering up the old one to claim that piece of land.
		There was no place for the water from the hills to flow so that left the houses bring flooded by the rains.
	www.ibnlive.com /news/mumbai-makes-a-clean-sweep-of-flood/14373-3.html (274 words)

	DRAINAGE PATTERNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is similar to the Trellised drainage, but the pattern is less distinct.
		Discordant drainage: When the drainage pattern is not related to the dip of the underlying rock.
		Superimposed drainage: When the drainage adapts so totally to the overlying rock structure that it keeps its shape even as it cuts down into quite different structures.
	www.il-st-acad-sci.org /kingdom/geo1005.html (257 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Claiming the “new system” to be on an all-India pattern, the SP Traffic said the decision to exclude the amber signal was taken a few months back after a thorough study regarding the functioning of the traffic signals in the city was undertaken.
		In the early hours of the morning, the rain water began to overflow from the terrace as the drainage pipe was blocked.
		The police say that the deceased had cleared the drainage pipe and as he swirled the pole to bring it down, it got entangled in the electric cables and he was electrocuted.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010624/cth1.htm (7247 words)

	EAPAB Drainage
		Recognizing that most of the drainage issues concerning the peninsula are of a regional nature, the Board strongly encourages interagency coordination of all stormwater projects.
		Even in cases where the implementation of actual physical improvements to the drainage basin and transportation facility are scheduled to occur at different times, the drainage studies should be coordinated.
		During periods of heavy precipitation, the storage capacity of this wetland system is overloaded and the excess water begins to flow off of the property.
	www.ewol.com /eapab/drain.htm (5760 words)

	American Red Cross Lifeguarding
		The victim's temperature control system, which produces sweating to cool the body, stops working.
		Drainage ditches and arroyos for water run-off are not good places for swimming or playing in the water.
		Run parallel to shore and come in slowly when landing.
	www.redcross.org /services/hss/tips/healthtips/safetywater.html (2795 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : Tiruchi farmers demand parallel procurement system
		Farmers' representatives have demanded the introduction of parallel procurement system and opening of direct paddy purchase centres (DPCs) in the district.
		The District Cauvery Delta Farmers' Welfare Association president, G. Kanagasabai, contended that the parallel procurement system was essential, as farmers were not getting remunerative prices in the open market.
		He also urged the district administration to take steps to immediately desilt drainage channels.
	www.hindu.com /2004/09/25/stories/2004092501420300.htm (417 words)

	T3.2 Ancient Drainage Patterns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The drainage patterns across Nova Scotia have developed almost entirely since the Tertiary and are closely tied to the geology.
		This is modified until the river develops a profile which is in equilibrium with the regional slope, precipitation and the geology of its drainage basin.
		In Nova Scotia, drainage patterns diverge from their ideal form because of three influences: The Pleistocene glaciation, which scoured the surface of the province and then dumped unsorted rock debris upon it; fluctuations in sea level; and ancient river channels, which developed before the Tertiary and are now superimposed upon the terrain.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nhns/t3/t3-2.htm (195 words)

	DAWN - Business; March 20, 2006
		ON March 10, the Islamabad Stock Exchange sent a detailed proposal to the board of the Karachi Stock Exchange for the establishment of a national market system which would link the...
		The people are upset when there is a crop shortfall and cry hoarse when they face abundance....
		It is the system by which companies are directed and controlled.
	www.dawn.com /2006/03/20/ebr.htm (734 words)

	Lake needs rejuvenation posthaste - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He claims that the untreated sewage is let into the lake from one of the nearby layouts.
		“The Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BMP) set up a parallel drainage system some time ago, but it seems that all houses have not been connected.
		The BMP should keep a check on the builders and educate the residents,” he says.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jun122006/city201742006611.asp (658 words)

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