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	Parallel computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster.
		Parallel processor machines are also divided into symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessors, depending on whether all the processors are the same or not (for instance if only one is capable of running the operating system code and others are less privileged).
		Parallel programming is the design, implementation, and tuning of parallel computer programs which take advantage of parallel computing systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parallel_computing (1403 words)

	Oracle Parallel Processing: Chapter 1: Introduction
		Parallel computers are used to perform these computations in a timely manner so a weather forecast can be generated early enough for it to be useful.
		Parallel processing is useful for only those applications that can break larger tasks into smaller parallel tasks and that can manage the synchronization between those tasks.
		Parallel execution entails a cost in terms of the processing overhead necessary to break up a task into pieces, manage the execution of each of those pieces, and combine the results when the execution is complete.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/oraclepp/chapter/ch01.html (5603 words)

	Linux Online - Linux Parallel Processing HOWTO: Introduction
		Parallel Processing refers to the concept of speeding-up the execution of a program by dividing the program into multiple fragments that can execute simultaneously, each on its own processor.
		Parallel processing using Linux systems isn't necessarily difficult, but it is not familiar to most computer users, and there isn't any book called "Parallel Processing for Dummies"...
		Latency is very important in parallel processing because it determines the minimum useful grain size, the minimum run time for a segment of code to yield speed-up through parallel execution.
	www.linux.org /docs/ldp/howto/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO-1.html (2816 words)

	Architecture Independent Programming For Parallel Processing - Title
		The Processing Graph Method (PGM) technology is a paradigm that provides the engineer/system designer with an environment to specify and maintain applications in a form which is invariant over a wide range of MIMD message passing parallel architectures.
		The Processing Graph Method is a technology to facilitate the architecture independent programming of MIMD systems with a small to large number of processing elements.
		Please note that when we say that a processing graph has the property of determinacy we mean that output token streams depends solely on input token streams, independent of order of execution of transitions, and independent of all time considerations.
	www.ait.nrl.navy.mil /pgmt/Intro_pgm/Final_Intro_pgm.html (2628 words)

	Parallel Processing Concepts
		Parallel processing has its own lexicon of terms and phrases, emphasizing those concepts that are considered to be most important to its goals and the ways in which those goals may be achieved.
		Parallelization doesn't come free, and one of the most insidious costs is the time and cycles put into making sure that all of those separate tasks are doing what they're supposed to be doing.
		A skillfully written parallel one will distribute most of it across the processors, but there will always be some values that are replicated in all tasks and some buffers used for communication that will make the total memory used by a set of parallel tasks greater than what the serial task had used.
	www.pdc.kth.se /training/Talks/Parallel/IntroToPP/more.html (8419 words)

	oreilly.com -- Online Catalog: Oracle Parallel Processing
		Oracle Parallel Processing is the first book to describe the full range of parallel processing capabilities in the Oracle environment.
		Parallel processing is becoming increasingly important to database computing.
		Oracle Parallel Processing is the first book to describe the full range of parallel processing capabilities in the Oracle environment, including those new to Oracle8i.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/oraclepp (588 words)

	Fluent NEWS - Spring 2002 - Getting Started with Parallel Processing
		Based on the client interviews in the related article on page 36, it is clear that parallel processing is used today across a wide range of applications and industries.
		In this article, some parallel processing basics are presented along with representative performance statistics and an update on new parallel processing features in FLUENT 6.0.
		The ideal performance improvement for a parallel calculation is one where the performance rating increases linearly with the addition of processors.
	www.fluent.com /about/news/newsletters/02v11i1/a25.htm (850 words)

	Information Security Glossary - Parallel Processing
		A computer which uses more than one processor, either to be able to perform more than one task at the same time or to improve processing speed by breaking down one larger task between different processors.
		Parallel processing is not quite the same as 'Multi-tasking' since, by definition, a single processor cannot do two things at once.
		Parallel processing has considerable advantages fro companies with Mission Critical applications - but it comes at a price.
	www.yourwindow.to /information-security/gl_parallelprocessing.htm (228 words)

	Linux Parallel Processing HOWTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This document discusses the four basic approaches to parallel processing that are available to Linux users: SMP Linux systems, clusters of networked Linux systems, parallel execution using multimedia instructions (i.e., MMX), and attached (parallel) processors hosted by a Linux system.
		In shared everything parallel processing, it is very likely that the stray accesses will bring the demise of a process other than the one at fault, making it nearly impossible to localize and correct the error.
		The Standard Parallel Port (SPP) used to be what your printer was plugged into, but it has seen a lot of use lately as an external extension of the ISA bus; this new functionality is enhanced by the IEEE 1284 standard, which specifies EPP and ECP improvements.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/lindoc/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO.xml (16996 words)

	Parallel Processing research.
		Parallel processing is running a (sequential) program on multiple processors to get the job done in less time.
		The main problem is that parallelisation is problem-dependent and cannot yet be automated, furthermore, speedup is not guaranteed.
		Today, enthusiasm has been replaced by scepticism, as both the development cost of parallel software and the maintenance cost of a parallel machine has proven to be out of reach for most.
	parallel.vub.ac.be /research/parallel_processing/index.html (393 words)

	Parallel Processing HOWTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		parallel processing is not dead, but is moving in some new directions.
		The fourth alternative is SIMD parallelism within a register, which is facilitated by the MMX, 3DNow!, and SSE instructions.
		The WWW home for the Parallel Processing HOWTO was originally intended to become a complete repository for the kinds of practical information real users need.
	aggregate.org /PPLINUX (461 words)

	What is parallel processing? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Ideally, parallel processing makes a program run faster because there are more engines (CPUs) running it.
		With single-CPU computers, it is possible to perform parallel processing by connecting the computers in a network.
		Note that parallel processing differs from multitasking, in which a single CPU executes several programs at once.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/P/parallel_processing.html (375 words)

	Parallel processing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parallel processing is also another term for parallel computing.
		Parallel processing is the ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli.
		Parallel Processing via MPI and OpenMP, M. Firuziaan, O. Nommensen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parallel_processing (213 words)

	Linux Parallel Processing HOWTO: Clusters Of Linux Systems
		CAPERS (Cable Adapter for Parallel Execution and Rapid Synchronization) is a spin-off of the PAPERS project, http://garage.ecn.purdue.edu/~papers/, at the Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
		The PAPERS (Purdue's Adapter for Parallel Execution and Rapid Synchronization) project, http://garage.ecn.purdue.edu/~papers/, at the Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering is building scalable, low-latency, aggregate function communication hardware and software that allows a parallel supercomputer to be built using unmodified PCs/workstations as nodes.
		The parallel processing using Linux WWW site, http://aggregate.org/LDP/, is the home of this HOWTO and many related documents including online slides for a full-day tutorial.
	www.tldp.org /HOWTO/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO-3.html (8330 words)

	Fluent NEWS - Spring 2002 - FLUENT Users Capitalize on Parallel Processing
		For large scale problems, parallel processing algorithms have been introduced that allow a calculation to be segmented into two or more partitions that are solved simultaneously on different CPUs.
		Fluent software users are among those who have taken advantage of this trend, thanks in part to the robust and scaleable parallel processing capabilities of the software.
		Unlike shared memory processing, where a single machine manages all the memory, with distributed memory processing the memory is managed locally on each machine; here, communication among processes occurs over a network rather than through shared memory.
	www.fluent.com /about/news/newsletters/02v11i1/a22.htm (1743 words)

	Parallel processing opens new perspectives for hyperspectral imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Developing computationally efficient processing techniques for massive volumes of hyperspectral data is critical for space-based Earth science and planetary exploration.
		However, with the recent explosion in the amount and dimensionality of hyperspectral data, parallel processing is expected to become a requirement in most ongoing and planned remote sensing missions.
		We also implemented the parallel algorithms above in hardware platforms such as field-programmable gate arrays (which can be reconfigured on the fly) and commodity graphics hardware (which is subject to tremendous technological evolution due to the ever-growing demands of the video game industry).
	newsroom.spie.org /x3655.xml (838 words)

	Scalable Parallel Systems
		Our work in Scalable Parallel Systems focuses on the technologies needed for the design and effective use of scalable systems such as the IBM PowerParallel SP2 or workstation clusters.
		parallel file system prototype that was developed in Research provided much of the technology for the PIOFS parallel I/O file system product.
		Other ongoing parallel system activities are in the area of parallel job scheduling, and dynamic binding to parallel objects.
	www.research.ibm.com /parallel_systems (416 words)

	Computer Science Parallel Processing Courseware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Parallel processing is an important part of the department's research profile and also figures prominently in its undergraduate degree programmes.
		The information here features various aspects of the teaching of parallel processing in the Department of Computer Science.
		These are individual courseware modules covering the topic of parallel processing which are currently being developed with the aid of an HEFCE grant.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Parallel (177 words)

	CNN - Taking parallel processing to a new level - August 9, 1999
		These products spread the processing across many servers, assigning each a subset of the work, in a method known as parallel processing.
		Object migration is very useful, since it frees object processing from being tied to a single server node and allows it to be moved to other nodes with lesser loads.
		Considering that most supercomputers and parallel computers start at around a million dollars for an average system, this is a fairly good deal, especially considering that this relies only on dual-processor systems.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/computing/9908/09/parallel.idg/index.html (1816 words)

	Parallel Processing using Linux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A "new" fourth alternative is SIMD parallelism within a register, which is facilitated by the MMX (MultiMedia eXtensions).
		A major revision of the Parallel Processing HOWTO is in the works, and it will be accompanied by the new Video Wall HOWTO and a variety of new public domain software.
		In the long term, the goal of this effort is to spawn one or more complete "parallel processing" distributions of Linux...
	cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu /~pplinux (569 words)

	Parallel Processing using PVM \| Linux Journal
		PVM is free software which provides the capability for using a number of networked (TCP/IP) machines as a parallel virtual machine to perform tasks for which parallelism is advantageous.
		PVM was developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in conjunction with several universities, principal among them being the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and Emory University.
		A solution to a large task, suitable for parallelization, is divided into modules to be spawned by the master and distributed as appropriate among the workers.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/2258 (1150 words)

	Preliminary Program
		This is a visible and important international meeting for parallel scientific computing and parallel numerical algorithms.
		In addition to organizing the biennial SIAM Parallel Processing conference, the group cosponsors other conferences and provides an electronic newsletter to all members.
		SIAM and the Conference Organizing Committee wish to extend their thanks and appreciation to the Department of Energy for its support of this conference.
	www.siam.org /meetings/pp99 (258 words)

	SPARC Optimization and Parallel Processing
		Specifying the parallelization mode improves application performance by using the parallelization enhancements made to Sun Performance Library routines.
		Delivers peak performance to applications that do not use compiler parallelization and that run on a platform shared with other applications.
		Parallelization is implemented with threads library synchronization primitives.
	docs.sun.com /source/806-3566/plug_optimizing.html (943 words)

	Roguewave.com
		For software to take advantage of the multi-CPU nature of the new chips, parallel processing will be required.
		Provides an easy method to control the exact distribution and parallel execution of various tasks, or components of a business process, within a single server or across a multitude of servers
		In essence, the software pipelines paradigm creates multiple "pipelines", each used to process a portion of a business application process.
	www.roguewave.com /products/hydra/pipelines (377 words)

	Bibliographies on Parallel Processing
		Bibliography relating to parallel and vector algorithms for linear algebra problems
		Bibliography on Instruction-Level Parallel Processing: History, Overview and Perspective
		Bibliography on scheduling and mapping on parallel and distributed computers
	liinwww.ira.uka.de /bibliography/Parallel/index.html (337 words)

	Nan's Parallel Computing Page
		Ninth SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing
		MACS 440/563: Parallel Computing for Scientists and Engineers (CO School of Mines)
		Parallel Computer Architecture A Hardware/Software Approach, by Culler and Singh
	www.cs.rit.edu /~ncs/parallel.html (920 words)

	Parallel Processing ( Array Processing and Parallel Computing) Definition (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		SUMMARY: Parallel computing is producing new development tools, programming concepts, and models for multitasking.
		SUMMARY: As multi-core processing technology becomes more ubiquitous, it is essential that IT admins and managers educate themselves about multi-core architectures, parallel computing and more.
		Parallel Processing definition sponsored by WhatIs.com, powered by WhatIs.com
	www.bitpipe.com.cob-web.org:8888 /tlist/Parallel-Processing.html (419 words)

	Project AppleSeed
		a MacMPI parallel graphics application demo which runs on an arbitrary number of G3s or G4s with OS 9 or X
		For further information about parallel computing, including resources, a discussion forum, and software, see the Dauger Research web site.
		A cluster of Power Macs can give parallel performance comparable to a small MPP for
	exodus.physics.ucla.edu /appleseed/appleseed.html (180 words)

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