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Topic: Paranthropus aethiopicus

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	Paranthropus robustus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Paranthropus robustus was originally discovered in Southern Africa in 1938.
		Paranthropus robustus is generally dated to have lived between 2.0 and 1.2 million years ago.
		The DNH 7 skull of Paranthropus robustus, "Eurydice", was discovered in 1994 at the Drimolen Cave in Southern Africa by Andre Keyser, and is dated to 2.3 million years old, possibly belonging to a female.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Paranthropus_robustus (616 words)

	Paranthropus: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus, were bipedal hominins that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominins (Australopithecus).
		Paranthropus was more massively built, specialized, and tended to sport gorilla-like sagittal crests on the cranium upon which massive jaws were anchored.
		Paranthropus boisei was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania (specimen OH5).
	straightworldbank.com /wiki/Paranthropus (807 words)

	Paranthropus aethiopicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paranthropus aethiopicus is an extinct species of Paranthropus.
		aethiopicus had a large sagittal crest and zygomatic arch adapted for heavy chewing (as in gorilla skulls).
		aethiopicus is known to have lived in mixed savanna and woodland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus (363 words)

	Paranthropus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus is an extinct genus of bipedal hominid that is probably descended from the Australopithecine hominids (''Australopithecus'').
		All species of Paranthropus were bipedal, and many lived during a time when species of the genus Homo (also descended from Australopithecus), were prevalent.
		The behavior of Paranthropus was quite different from that of the genus Homo, in that it was not as adaptable to its environment or as resourceful.
	paranthropus.mindbit.com (640 words)

	The Genus Paranthropus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus boisei was first discovered by Mary Leaky in 1959, and was first termed Zinjanthropus boisei or Zinj.
		The oldest Paranthropus boisei was found at Omo, Ethiopia and dates to approximately 2.3 million years ago, while the youngest was found at Olduvai Gorge, and dates to approximately 1.2 million years ago.
		aethiopicus was shown to be the possible base of the boisei lineage; more primitive than robustus yet not ancestral to it.
	www.columbia.edu /~rk2143/web/paranth/paranth.html (520 words)

	Australopithecus/Paranthropus aethiopicus
		In general, aethiopicus shows a mixture of both primitive and derived features, and dates to a time that makes it important in the its placement into the hominid phylogenetic tree.
		The is the 2.39 myr remains of a 10-year-old juvenile vault that lacks the frontal bone and the face.
		The earliest known aethiopicus material is probably the 2.7 myr L55s-33 mandible fragment from level C6 in the Omo deposits, north of Lake Turkana.
	www.modernhumanorigins.net /aethiopicus.html (1191 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Paranthropus aethiopicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus aethiopicus was originally proposed in 1967 by a team of French paleontologists to describe a partial mandible (Omo 18) that was thought to differ enough from the mandibles of the early human species known at that time.
		This naming of a new species was generally dismissed; many paleoanthropologists thought it premature to name a new species on the basis of a single incomplete mandible.
		With its mixture of derived and primitive traits, KNM WT 17000 validated, in the eyes of many researchers, the recognition of a new "robust" species dating to at least 2.5 million years ago in eastern Africa.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/aeth.html (198 words)

	Paranthropus aethiopicus
		The first fossil of Paranthropus aethiopicus was discovered in 1967 by a French excavation team at the Omo River in Ethiopia.
		The thought of aethiopicus as a new species on the hominid line was generally dismissed until 1985.
		Paranthropus aethiopicus is dated to around 2.5 million years.
	www.msu.edu /~heslipst/contents/ANP440/aethiopicus.htm (194 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus aethiopicus By 2.7 million years ago, a new lineage of early humans had evolved in East Africa.
		Paranthropus boisei In the time period dating from 2.3 and 1.2 million years ago eastern Africa was populated by the early human species Paranthropus boisei.
		Paranthropus robustus From around 2 million to 1.2 million years ago, southern Africa was inhabited by a robust species of early human.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~amacleod/outgoing/203/203_Lab_9_Notes.doc (3991 words)

	A catalogue of hominid species
		Paranthropus aethiopicus is dated to between 2.5 to 2.3 m.y.a.
		Paranthropus boisei is dated to between 2 and 1.2 m.y.a.
		Paranthropus robustus is dated to between 1.9 and 1.3 m.y.a.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/FossilHominids/Humankind/Humankind.htm (1187 words)

	Human Evolution - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The second genus, Paranthropus, originated at least 2.5 million years ago and persisted until about 1 million years ago.
		The other two, Paranthropus aethiopicus and Paranthropus boisei, have been found at sites in eastern Africa.
		The robust australopiths seem to represent a specialized adaptation for eating hard food such as seeds and nuts because their principal difference from other australopiths lies in the large size of their chewing teeth, jaws, and jaw muscles.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761566394___6/Human_Evolution.html (3021 words)

	- Human Evolution -
		Paranthropus Paranthtropus are a group of hominids that existed at the same time as the Australopithecines and some species of the Homo genus.
		It is believed that the Paranthropus species evolved on their own and had no part in the evolution of the Homo genus.
		Paranthropus aethiopicus (the fl skull) This species existed from 2.8 - 2.2 million years ago.
	www.humboldt.edu /~mrc1 (1649 words)

	Paranthropus boisei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus boisei was discovered in 1959 by Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge.
		Now, it is classified as Paranthropus boisei, due to the recent separation between the robust and gracile australopithecines.
		aethiopicus completely muddled paleoanthropologists' previous theories of the early evolution of the hominid family.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Galaxy/1508/P_boisei.html (210 words)

	KNM WT 17000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In frontal view it appears very similar to the other members of the genus Paranthropus; it has the wide flaring zygomatics - cheek bones - and a prominent sagittal crest at the top of the skull.
		It is a very high bony ridge for muscles attachment, yet it is positioned well to the rear of the skull.
		Comparing this with Paranthropus boisei we see that both species had adaptations for chewing tough food, but emphasized the use of different muscles.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/qt/wt17kmov.html (149 words)

	Paranthropus - evolucion humana la historia de los primates
		Las especies esteafricanas, Paranthropus aethiopicus y Paranthropus boisei, han aparecido en yacimientos situados a lo largo del gran Rift valley, mientras que de la especie sudafricana (Paranthropus robustus) solo se conocen yacimientos en cuevas, adonde llegaron debido a la acción de depredadores como los leopardos.
		Paranthropus robustus para los fósiles de Kromdraai y la especie Paranthropus crassidens (crassidens: dientes fuertes, robustos, en latín) para los fósiles de Swartkrans.
		En la actualidad, Paranthropus boisei es una especie razonablemente bien conocida cuyos fósiles más antiguos son un resto de mandíbula y piezas dentales de cerca de 2'3 millones de años de antigüedad hallados en los yacimientos del valle del río Omo.
	perso.wanadoo.es /aldaketa/paranthropus.htm (5420 words)

	The Antiquity of Man Black Skull
		aethiopicus distinction is more accepted today, as well as by the initial postulators and advocates of Hypothesis Four, because of the contemporary rejection of the idea of a gradual evolutionary increase in robusticity with A./P.
		Hypothesis Five's support of the polyphyletic distinction of Paranthropus along with extensive parallelisms, as well as Kimbel, White and Johanson's advocacy of the latter, was met with response to prove its impropriety, causing much cladistic analyzation of the 'Black Skull' in efforts to make a more parsimonious phylogenetic tree.
		A. aethiopicus developed "an emphasis on the masseter as the main chewing muscle, with a primitive retention of the emphasis on the posterior temporalis," while A.
	www.antiquityofman.com /black_skull.html (7098 words)

	Australopithecus aethiopicus
		In general, aethiopicus shows a mixture of both primitive and derived features, and dates to a time that makes it a significant addition into the hominid phylogenetic tree.
		The first specimen attributed to this species group is an edentulous mandible (Omo 18) found in southern Ethiopia, west of the Omo River, in 1967.
		Both see aethiopicus as a dead-end side branch and Paranthropus as polyphyletic and invalid.
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /australopithecusaethiopicus.htm (1098 words)

	KNM ER 406 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		KNM ER 406 is one of the most complete specimens of Paranthropus boisei.
		In frontal view, note the characteristic "flaring" zygomatics - the cheek bones project far out to the sides creating a large space for the massive chewing muscles to pass through.
		This is very different from the similar species Paranthropus aethiopicus.
	anthropology.net /node/49/print (124 words)

	Hominid Chronology
		Paranthropus aethiopicus, a species not directly related to modern man, appeared in East Africa, and survived until 2.2 million years ago.
		Many favour the separation of these species into a robust genus of early human, for which the name Paranthropus was the first used, and therefore has seniority over all other names.
		This particular species was eventually superseded by Paranthropus boisei.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesAfrica/HominidChronology2.htm (1822 words)

	Paranthropus aethiopicus
		Paranthropus aethiopicus was discovered in 1967 by two French scientists named Camille Arambourg and Yves Coppens, at a site named Koobi Fora.
		This revolutionary new find caused the genus "Paraustralopithecus" to be dropped, and the skull to be named "Australopithecus aethiopicus." Recently, at an anthropology conference, it was decided that all the robust australopithecines should be relocated to a separate genus, dubbed Paranthropus, so as to give some distinction between the two former types of Australopithecus.
		Evidently, it was neither Paranthropus robustus nor boisei.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Galaxy/1508/P_aethiopicus (316 words)

	Human evolution - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The robust variety of Australopithecus has since been reclassified as Paranthropus.
		(In the 1930's when the robust specimens were first described, the Paranthropus genus was used.
		During the 1960s the robust variety was moved into Australopithecus.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Human_evolution (1484 words)

	Paranthropus robustus
		Paranthropus robustus was discovered by Robert Broom in 1938, in the South African caves.
		Again, in Paranthropus robustus, we see sexual dimorphism, with the males weighing, on average, 10 kg more than the females.
		There is also the question of whether Paranthropus robustus was a possible manufacturer of stone tools.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Galaxy/1508/P_robustus (402 words)

	Paranthropus Robustus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus Robustus was originally identified as belonging to the genus Australopithecus.
		Along with Paranthropus Boisei and Paranthropus Aethiopicus, it is now included in the Paranthropus genus.
		It has extrememly large molars, in common with the other members of Paranthropus and a crest ridge on the skull.
	www.ashtonfarm.demon.co.uk /early_hominid_evolution/p_robustus.htm (72 words)

	A. africanus - Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It has been moved and rearranged to be ancestral to only Homo and only to Paranthropus lines as well as being an ancestor to both species.
		africanus and Paranthropus are thought to be related to parallelisms rather than descent from A.
		africanus, diverged to the Paranthropus and Homo lineages.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /CARLSON/MMC5015/Homepages/S2003/Serrano/webworks/a.africanus/phylogeny.htm (247 words)

	Paranthropus aethiopicus: Viele Informationen uber Paranthropus aethiopicus an omega.it
		Paranthropus aethiopicus: Viele Informationen uber Paranthropus aethiopicus an omega.it
		Paranthropus aethiopicus (manchmal auch Australopithecus aethiopicus bezeichnet) ist eine Primatenart aus der Entwicklungslinie der Echten Menschen und lebte vor etwa 2,7 bis 1,9 Millionen Jahren.
		aethiopicus ist eine verwirrende Mischung aus primitiven und fortschrittlichen Zügen. Das Gehirn ist mit 410 cm³ sehr klein und Teile des Schädels, besonders die hinteren Bereiche sind sehr primitiv, ähnlich wie bei Australopithecus afarensis.
	www.omega.it /p/pa/paranthropus_aethiopicus.html (136 words)

	Paranthropus aethiopicus Paranthropus Australopithecus Entwicklungslinie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus aethiopicus Homo habilis Homo sapiens Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus
		Paranthropus aethiopicus Paranthropus boisei Paranthropus robustus majority of the scientific community included all the species of both Australopithecus and Paranthropus in
		Dieser Artikel basiert auf dem Artikel Paranthropus aethiopicus aus der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia und steht unter der GNU Lizenz für freie Dokumente.
	www.lexipda.de /infos/p/pa/paranthropus-aethiopicus.html (523 words)

	week5australopithicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Paranthropus aethiopicus, robustus and boisei are known as robust paranthropines, because their skulls in particular are more heavily built.
		Paranthropus robustus: 2 - 1 MYA, South Africa.
		The goal of this lab is to enable you to identify the morphological/physical differences between Australopithecus and Paranthropus, and to identify the evolutionary changes that took place in the progression from Miocene ape to these ancestors to the genus Homo.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/5579/week5generaaustralopithecusandparanthropus.html (1577 words)

	Exhibit Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fossils of Paranthropus from eastern Africa show even more massive jaws and teeth than those known from farther south.
		In age, dated by the new potassium-argon method at 1.75 myr, was then considered astonishingly ancient.
		This biped differs from the southern African robust types chiefly in having even tinier front teeth and yet more enormous molars and premolars set in truly massive jaws.
	www.columbia.edu /ccnmtl/draft/jrowe/virtual_museum/3C1.html (259 words)

	How Humans Evolved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		aethiopicus, discovered by Alan Walker (Pennsylvania State University), stirred quite a controversy over the phylogenetic arrangement of the hominin lineage.
		Until this discovery, most phylogenies had the australopithecines evolving down one exclusive lineage, while Homo was evolving separately down another (although both shared a common ancestor, presumably A.
		A major portion of this puzzle included a tight relationship between the robust australopithecines—classed as Paranthropus in our text—an arrangement that required rethinking when the P.
	www.wwnorton.com /web/evolve/ch/11/welcome.shtml (1723 words)

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