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Topic: Parapsychologists

	psychic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parapsychologists disagree with this assessment, as most of them were trained in one scientific field or another and are familiar with scientific methods.
		A few parapsychologists are skeptics, for example Chris French and his colleagues at the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit at Goldsmiths University of London, and Richard Wiseman and his colleagues at the Perrott-Warrick Research Unit in the Psychology Department of the University of Hertfordshire, both of which units are affiliates of the Parapsychological Association.
		Parapsychologists note that some parapsychologists are also magicians, and parapsychologists as a group already do in fact work with input from skeptics and fellow parapsychologists alike to continually improve their experimental protocols to continue to reduce the likelihood of fraud or unintentional error.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Psychic.html (2878 words)

	Parapsychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Probably a majority of parapsychologists believe in the likelihood, or at least the possibility, of actual psi phenomena, though there is a range of attitudes toward the evidence.
		Indeed, many parapsychologists have moved on from proof-oriented research, intended primarily to verify the existence of psi phenomena, to "process-oriented" research, intended to explore the parameters and characteristics of psi phenomena.
		Parapsychologists respond that "laws of nature" are simply summaries of existing scientific knowledge and do get revised from time to time during the course of scientific progress, in addition they are not so well understood that with them one could confidently predict the non existence of Psi (Consider quantum mechanics).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parapsychology (4734 words)

	Keywords:
		If parapsychologists are able to prove their hypotheses with quantitative data and are correct in their assumptions that paranormal activity occurs, then they believe that they will also have created a solid argument for the existence of this aspect of human life that modern science does not recognize.
		Parapsychologists argue that the system should be considered a valid branch of behavioral science, and defend their ideas with statistics from their own quantitative research.
		Parapsychologists also state that behavioral sciences all have changing beliefs and ideas about which theories are correct and that their concrete evidence comes from the tests and testimony of their subjects.
	home.wlu.edu /~lubint/Touchstone/Parapsychology-Wilson.htm (3206 words)

	Poltergeist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parapsychologists define poltergeist activity as a type of uncontrolled psychokinesis.
		Almost seventy years of research by the Rhine Research Center (Raleigh-Durham, NC USA) has led to the hypothesis among parapsychologists that the "poltergeist effect" is a form of psychokinesis generated by a living human mind (that of the agent).
		However, parapsychologists investigating poltergeists think that most occurrences are real, and the agents cheat only when they are subsequently caught cheating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poltergeist (796 words)

	Ethical and Professional Standards for Parapsychologists: Aspirational Guidelines
		Parapsychologists are, at least from the perspective of these guidelines, under no obligation publicly to identify the amount or sources of research funds.
		A parapsychologist should not by words or deeds encourage another person who is not a parapsychologist to claim or to imply that he or she is one.
		A parapsychologist should also exercise caution to insure that his or her name is not used by someone else to support a false claim of being a parapsychologist.
	www.parapsych.org /ethics.html (8031 words)

	LidRock - "How ESP Works" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parapsychologists might point out that some people aren't as psychically in-tune as others, so different subjects will yield different results, but the stigma still sticks.
		There have certainly been experiments where parapsychologists manipulated data to support their own theories (this has occurred in most, if not all, scientific disciplines), and even an innocent scientist can have a hard time disproving these claims.
		Most parapsychologists are also wary of ESP demonstrations for entertainment, simply because it's too easy to create the illusion of psychic powers.
	www.lidrock.com /esp4.htm (430 words)

	Parapsychology -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is not necessary to be a licensed (A physician who specializes in psychiatry) psychiatrist or acquainted with (The branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior) clinical psychology to test the validity of psi.
		As noted above, some parapsychologists are (Someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs) skeptic and do not believe that there is anything observed so far which cannot ultimately be explained within the existing framework of known science.
		Regarding the ((law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved) evidence, the rule of the thumb of the sceptical community is that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/parapsychology.htm (3671 words)

	[No title]
		Contemporary parapsychologists, instead, point to the ganzfeld experiments, the random-number generator experiments, and--with the declassifying of the SAIC experiments--the remote viewing experiments as their basis for insisting that psi exists.
		In the present context, the parapsychologists are using the term `anomaly' to refer to apparently inexplicable departures from the null hypothesis.
		The anomalies that parapsychologists are currently talking about differ from this standard meaning in that the departures are from the general statistical model and are far from having the status of carefully specified and precise deviations from a theoretical baseline.
	www.arcetri.astro.it /~comore/skeptic/hyman.txt (13889 words)

	[No title]
		Parapsychologists often complain thattheir results fail to replicate because of inadequate power.However, because the underlying probability models are onlyapproximations, too much power can lead to rejections ofthe null hypothesis simply because the real world and theidealized statistical model are not exact matches.
		Theanomalies that parapsychologists are currently talking aboutdiffer from this standard meaning in that the departures are fromthe general statistical model and are far from having the statusof carefully specified and precise deviations from a theoreticalbaseline.
		Parapsychologists such as Beloff,Martin Johnson, Gardner Murphy, J.G. Pratt and others havecomplained that parapsychological data are volatile and messy.Some of these investigators have urged their colleagues to firstget their house in order before they ask the scientific communityat large to take them seriously.
	www.mindcontrolforums.com /hambone/hyman1.html (11371 words)

	Parapsychology biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A few parapsychologists are skeptics, for example Chris French and his colleagues at the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit at Goldsmiths College in London, and Richard Wiseman and his colleagues at the Perrott-Warrick Research Unit in the Psychology Department of the University of Hertfordshire, both of which units are affiliates of the Parapsychological Association.
		However, if the same news broadcast later mentioned that a 92-year-old man has improved the world record time on the marathon by half an hour, many reasonable people would require more evidence, even despite the assumed reliability of the source, since the claim is extraordinary.
		Yet many people, such as Beloff, cannot easily dismiss the entirety of all the positive accounts - so many of which came from the experts of their day (including scientists and conjurors), many of whom began as noted skeptics - and so believe that continued research in the field is justified.
	parapsychology.biography.ms (2696 words)

	Parapsychology FAQ Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most parapsychologists today expect that further research will eventually explain these anomalies in scientific terms, although it is not clear whether they can be fully understood without significant (some might say revolutionary) expansions of the current state of scientific knowledge.
		As an aside, we should note that many parapsychologists today, including most of the authors of this FAQ, take an empirical, data-oriented approach to psi phenomena, and specifically avoid discussing speculative implications that are not supported by data.
		Some critics of parapsychology seem to believe that all parapsychologists have hidden religious motives, and that they are really out to prove the existence of the soul.
	www.parapsych.org /faq_file1.html (2042 words)

	PARAPSYCHOLOGISTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The parapsychologists are a large group of mages that subscribes to the existence of psychic potential in all people.
		History: Parapsychologists (or psychics) trace their history back to ancient philosophers, but the first real appearance of the group was in the late 1700's, before the Sons of Ether split from the Technocracy.
		The parapsychologists were an attempt to quantify mysticism, and reduce it to scientific levels of reproducibility.
	www.kopalnia.rpg.pl /mirror/adashiel/archive/parapsychologists.html (1674 words)

	Staring, Can We Tell When Someone Is? (Skeptical Inquirer March 2000)
		According to parapsychologists, a commonly reported form of distant mental influence on human beings is "the feeling of being stared at," which is closely related, historically, to the notion of the "evil eye." Considerable folklore endorses the idea that gazing at someone carries special powers, favors, or influence.
		Despite the fact that parapsychologists maintain people are sensitive to being stared at and are physically affected under normal social conditions, most of the research in this area has not involved asking people if they're aware of being stared at but has, curiously, monitored subtle, subthreshold physiological differences between staring and nonstaring periods.
		Parapsychologists claim man's ability to know when he is being stared at has existed since the time of primitive man and served, in those days, to warn him of impending danger and attack from savage beasts.
	www.csicop.org /si/2000-03/stare.html (3792 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Life \| Great expectations
		Parapsychologists sometimes attribute this to their subjects' variable psi - or extrasensory - abilities, while sceptics argue that there must be something wrong with the experimental process.
		To protect themselves against accusations of fraud, corruption and incompetence, parapsychologists employ rigorous experimental protocols in their laboratory work.
		Other parapsychologists have wondered if the unconscious psi abilities of experimenters might also nudge their experiments towards a certain outcome.
	www.guardian.co.uk /life/farout/story/0,,1331676,00.html (358 words)

	ISS: The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research: Eric Dingwall
		Neither the occultists of the sixteenth century nor modern parapsychologists of the twentieth have ever been able to grasp the fact that, because they did not then and do not now understand how these tricks were and are done, this does not mean that the effects are paranormal.
		However, at long last and as sometimes happens when all the critical faculty has not been lost, the rational prevailed over the magical, and he realized that all his work had been in vain, that the evidence he had so stoutly defended was worthless and all the results he had had were probably fraudulent.
		What was wanted, the parapsychologists clearly saw, was something that seemed learned, profound, and preferably something that the general public would not understand but that at the same time would attract the attention of more serious people.
	www.survivalafterdeath.org /articles/dingwall/responsibility.htm (6410 words)

	Consciousness: what can the paranormal teach us about it? (Skeptical Inquirer March 2001)
		Parapsychologists seem to assume that psychic phenomena -- if they exist -- would prove the "power of consciousness." Yet this may be no more than trying to use one mystery to solve another.
		Meanwhile parapsychologists not only claim to have found evidence for psi (paranormal phenomena), but seem to assume that paranormal phenomena have obvious and important implications for consciousness.
		Parapsychologists have often been accused of wanting to prove the existence of the soul, and convincingly denied it (Alcock 1987).
	www.csicop.org /si/2001-03/conciousness.html (3998 words)

	parapsychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parapsychologists assume in such cases that they have found evidence for psi.
		Parapsychologists who claim to have found positive results often systematically ignore or rationalize their own studies if they don’t support psi.
		Parapsychologists, such as Dean Radin, also point to the work of Robert Jahn at Princeton University as an example of strong evidence of psychokinesis.
	skepdic.com /parapsy.html (1363 words)

	Journal of Parapsychology, The: Educating Parapsychologists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Given that there appears to be few individuals involved in educating parapsychologists, there are few opportunities for potential researchers to receive the valuable guidance and experience they need if they are to devote a significant amount of their time to parapsychological research.
		In this paper, a number of issues surrounding the education of parapsychologists are considered.
		In my opinion, if parapsychologists wish to see their field of study prosper, then it is research that has the potential to be applied in ways such as these which should be encouraged.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2320/is_3_63/ai_60054222 (1196 words)

	Science, New Age, and Psychic Belief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parapsychologists responded, with some justification,that Price’s skepticism was dogmatic, and that suggesting fraud withoutevidence to back up the accusation was a personal attack which had no placein science.
		Parapsychologists see the glass as half full.Critics suggest flaws, so parapsychologists keep improving their methods.And they always manage to find statistically significant effects.
		Parapsychologists certainly find significanteffects; that is, effects which are very unlikely to be due to chance.But in another sense, statistical miracles are usually quite insignificant:they are very small deviations from chance.
	www.epwijnants-lectures.com /psychicb.html (2455 words)

	Replication and Meta-Analysis in Parapsychology
		A one-day workshop was held on September 30, 1988, bringing together parapsychologists, critics and experts in some related fields (including the author of this paper).
		Evidence from spontaneous case studies and experimental work had led parapsychologists to a model proposing that psychic function may be masked by sensory input and by inattention to internal states (Honorton, 1977).
		Parapsychologists often make a distinction between "proof-oriented research" and "process-oriented research." The former is typically conducted to test the hypothesis that psi abilities exist, while the latter is designed to answer questions about how psychic functioning works.
	anson.ucdavis.edu /~utts/91rmp.html (11451 words)

	Numina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 20th century is full of those people who have claimed to have powers and abilities far beyond those of normal men, such as the ability to read minds (telepathy), move objects with pure thought (psychokinesis) or even cause a camera to take a picture of something you are thinking of (Ted Serios).
		Many of these abilities, after study by scientists (parapsychologists), have been shown to be hoaxes.
		Parapsychologists label most of these powers under the heading of ESP, or Extrasensory Perception.
	www.charlestonbynight.com /mortal/numina.html (1885 words)

	Poltergeists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Modern parapsychologists often prefer to use the phrase Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis (RSPK) to designate these phenomena, but others have argued that the latter term may inappropriately limit how we think of poltergeist activity, and imply we understand it better than we actually do.
		Regardless of the term one uses, this kind of macro PK appears to be universal, not only in terms of time—with no century since the ninth having been without it—but also in terms of culture, country, type of habitation, and social status.
		It can also stop when family dynamics change (such as when a parapsychologist comes to investigate), when the poltergeist agent realizes they are responsible for the activity, or when the underlying issues are brought out into the open and addressed.
	www.paraworld.info /Scripts/res_html_09_13_04/html/without_flash/Poltergeists.html (1062 words)

	Beyond the Physical - Chapter 6
		Now what is interesting is that, even though parapsychologists are generally hostile to the occult, most likely an occultist would be very sympathetic to the plight of the parapsychologist.
		Thus, the parapsychologist's understanding of modern physical theory is mostly second hand, and often grounded in rather scientifically unimportant philosophical generalizations.
		Thus, to summarize this discussion, in a sense, parapsychologists are trying to "re-invent the wheel" with their orientation towards "psi" phenomena.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dondeg/bpweb/Chpt06.htm (14276 words)

	Telekinesis - Psychokinesis
		Various models have been proposed for various aspects of PK as well as other psi phenomena, but so far there is no widely accepted physical theory or proposed mechanism that explains how such phenomena might occur.
		Many parapsychologists with backgrounds in physics point out that despite lack of a proposed mechanism for psi phenomena, the currently understood laws of physics do not preclude such phenomena, and they are confident that eventually extensions to today's physical theories will fill this gap.
		Many parapsychologists believe that there is sufficient evidence of psychokinesis in controlled experiments to prove its existence and to justify it as a field of study.
	www.crystalinks.com /telekinesis.html (1502 words)

	Parapsychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parapsychologists are accused of using a style of reasoning ‘much more characteristics of religion than of science’ (Terence Hines, cited in Quote for Sceptics n.d.) and of steadfastly rejecting ‘the simplest explanation consistent with the facts’ (James Randi, cited ibid.
		For the parapsychologist, who views scientific knowledge as potentially woefully incomplete, the proposal that negative results from some parapsychological experiments can be explained by a lack of psi-conducive charisma on the part of the investigator (an inadequacy which parapsychologists Beloff and Bate (1971) modestly attributed to themselves (p.
		While sceptics and parapsychologists continue to ignore the extent to which their thinking and their conflicts are socially anchored, this utopia will doubtless remain a distant dream.
	www.auar73.dsl.pipex.com /parapsychology.htm (5977 words)

	FAQ
		A parapsychologist is a scientist or scholar who is seriously interested in psychic experiences including telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and mind-matter interactions (and more, as noted in the next FAQ item).
		This is an inaccurate use of the term "parapsychologist." The Parapsychological Association is an elected affiliate of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the largest scientific organization in the world.
		Most parapsychologists today expect that further research will eventually explain these anomalies in scientific terms, although it is not clear whether they can be adequately understood without significant (indeed, probably revolutionary) expansions of the current state of scientific knowledge.
	www.psiresearch.org /para1.html (2696 words)

	Project Alpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some parapsychologists, such as Stanley Krippner, then president of the Parapsychological Association, agreed with Randi that qualified, experienced conjurors were essential for design, implementation, and evaluation of experiments in parapsychology, especially where deception--involuntary or deliberate--by subjects or experimenters, might be possible.
		If Project Alpha resulted in Parapsychologists (real parapsychologists!) awakening to the fact that they are able to be deceived, either by subjects or themselves, as a result of their convictions and their lack of expertise in the arts of deception, then it has served its purpose.
		Parapsychologists, no matter how intelligent or well-trained they are in science, are susceptible to deception and self-deception.
	skepdic.com /projectalpha.html (1509 words)

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