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	Parasite singles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parasite singles (パラサイトシングル, parasaito shinguru) is a Japanese term for people who live with their parents until their late twenties or early thirties in order to enjoy a carefree and comfortable life.
		One possible side effect of the parasite single phenomenon is the increase of the average age of the first marriage (though this is also attributable to other factors like career prospects and education, especially for women).
		Parasite singles are often blamed for a large number of problems in Japan, ranging from a decline in the birth rate over the economic recession to the increase in crime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parasite_single (1329 words)

	Parasite
		A parasite is an organism that lives in or on the living tissue of a host organism at the expense of it.
		Parasitism is a type of symbiosis, by one definition, although another definition of symbiosis excludes parasitism, since it requires that the host benefit from the interaction as well as the parasite.
		Parasites are generally smaller than their hosts, absorbing nutrients from the host's body fluids, but this is far from a universal strategy.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Parasite.html (228 words)

	Parasitism (social offense) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social parasite is a derogatory term denoting a member of society who is detrimental to others, by taking advantage of them in some way.
		In Nazi Germany, a propaganda campaign was launched to portray the mentally ill as parasites on society, as a part of the racial hygiene doctrine.
		Parasite singles (パラサイトシングル, parasaito shinguru) is a Japanese expression for people who live with their parents until their late twenties or early thirties in order to enjoy a carefree and comfortable life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parasitism_(social_offense) (647 words)

	parasite - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about parasite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Parasites such as these, which normally kill their host, are sometimes distinguished from ‘true’ parasites.
		Parasites that live inside the host, such as liver flukes and tapeworms, are called endoparasites; those that live on the exterior, such as fleas and lice, are called ectoparasites.
		The house was overrun with ivy, its chimney being enlarged by the boughs of the parasite to the aspect of a ruined tower.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /parasite (520 words)

	Sake Drenched Postcards - Museum Tour: The Meguro Museum of Parasitology
		This lack of respect toward the parasite single in the scientific community is bound to change as the descriptive term has entrenched itself in the Japanese lexicon like a shistosoma japonicum might in an unsuspecting liver.
		Additionally, while the prospect of hosting a parasite single is amazingly easy (though some advance planning is required considering the age restrictions), the museum shows that the process for acquiring an animal parasite to also be but a few easy steps away.
		But should the parasite single's host eventually tire of its lovable leech and wish to make a trade for an animal standby, the museum offers a series of guides that show the acquisition process to be a lot easier than blazing a trail with a BMW during a Tokyo rush hour.
	www.bigempire.com /sake/parasite.html (1473 words)

	LESSON OF THE WEEK - PARASITE SINGLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Parasite singles" is a Japanese phrase meaning Japanese adults - mostly females in their 20's and 30's who continue to live with their parents and choose not to get married and have a family.
		Parasite Singles - a parasite is an organism that lives off of another organism.
		Therefore, a Parasite single is a non-married adult who lives off of (is supported by) another person such as a parent.
	home.pacbell.net /cnet/Parasite.html (465 words)

	Parasite Singles Research - August 2001
		A ‘parasite single’ is the rather unkind label given to young Japanese people who continue to live with their parents for a longer period of time than in previous generations.
		many as 60% of single men and 80% of single women between the ages of 20 and 34 live with their parents.
		He thinks these so called parasite singles will have “a major impact on Japanese society and the economy and also cast a shadow on the health of society in the future.” Yamada blames these young people for the economic slump and the declining birthrate, concluding they will have a major impact on Japanese society.
	academic.csuohio.edu /makelaa/history/courses/his373/ParasiteSingles.htm (934 words)

	[No title]
		Parasites in Prêt-à-Porter are Threatening Japan's Economy July 1, 2001 Parasites in Prêt-à-Porter are Threatening Japan's Economy By PEGGY ORENSTEIN n a Sunday afternoon, the Omotesando neighborhood in Tokyo swarms with women in their 20's and 30's.
		She points out that those who condemn parasites tend to overlook the fact that women in Japan, as in most countries, earn less than men and that Tokyo rents are prohibitively expensive.
		Rather than dismissing the parasites as merely spoiled children, overindulged by their parents, Bando says she believes there is also an economic explanation for the phenomenon.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/012Compecon/Japan/010702women.txt (4251 words)

	Japan's New Material Girls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Happily unmarried, living with her parents while working as a bank teller, she is what people here call a "parasite single." There are so many women like Miki that they have become the focus of a heated controversy.
		Depending on whom you ask, they are good for the economy because they spend their salaries on clothes, cars and dining out, or they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children.
		They are the first significant group of women in Japan to stay single beyond their early twenties--the percentage of women in their late twenties who have not married has risen from 30 to about 50 in the last 15 years--and their opinions and lifestyle define a kind of Tokyo yuppie devoted to leisure and luxury.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/WPcap/2000-02/10/101r-021000-idx.html (1287 words)

	Exploring Contemporary Japanese Society --printer-friendly version \| Japan Digest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the reasons behind the birthrate dip are varied and include the economic slump, one contributing factor appears to be the phenomenon of "parasite singles." These singles, between the ages of 20 and 34, remain dependents in their parents home, even though they are employed.
		This "parasite singles" phenomenon is particularly apparent in Tokyo and other large Japanese cities where the high cost of living can make an independent life difficult.
		A recent best seller, The Age of Parasite Singles (Parasaito shinguru no jidai), suggests that this trend is not a positive one for Japanese society.
	www.indiana.edu /~japan/Digests/society-pfv.htm (1844 words)

	JAPAN ECHO
		Whether or not it was Yamada's intent to portray Japan's young adults as a group of spoiled brats who spend lavishly while refusing to do any work that does not catch their fancy--or, indeed, while enjoying their unemployment--this is the image that took hold as a result of his commentary.
		In an article in the April 2000 issue of Chûô Kôron, he countered that the advent of the parasite singles was the result of a social and economic structure geared to maintaining the jobs and wages of older workers (see "Don't Blame the Unmarried Breed," Japan Echo, vol.
		One might surmise that a good number are "parasites" hoping to trade in their "hosts" for a husband, conscious of the fact that their parents will not always have the means to support them.
	www.japanecho.com /sum/2001/280515.html (852 words)

	BBC News \| ASIA-PACIFIC \| Japan's 'parasite singles'
		It is hardly the politest of expressions - but Yukiko Matsumoto and her friends are known in Japan as "parasite singles".
		Professor Masahiro Yamada - who coined the phrase parasite single - says their numbers are set to grow.
		Single women remain in the workforce for much longer than their married counterparts.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/1362106.stm (438 words)

	Telegraph \| Education \| Is there a Kipper in the house?
		It appears so, because the UK is estimated to have some seven million adults over the age of 18 still living with their parents.
		Part of the problem with parasite singles is the amount of debt young people are forced to take on at university, coupled with the ever-increasing rise in house prices.
		But we promise not to use the term parasite single - well at least not until she is 40 and still at home.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /education/main.jhtml?xml=/education/2005/08/10/edhome10.xml&sSheet=/education/2005/08/31/ixteleft.html (759 words)

	Americans Are Not Alone in 'Trading Up': Other Countries Experiencing New Luxury Phenomenon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But another group, know locally as "parasite singles," is also emerging as a major force in the consumer economy.
		These five million young, single working women who still live at home are the single largest spending segment in Japan, using up to 10% of their annual salary on fashion items, and playing an influential role in their parent's buying decisions.
		Although older Boomers and their parasite single children have access to substantial discretionary wealth, average household income in Japan has been on the decline for some time, as has consumer spending.
	www.dezignare.com /whatshot/2004july/13.Luxury.html (1385 words)

	[No title]
		Whether parasite single or boomerang baby, the results are the same.
		A parasite, by the way, according to Webster, is a guest organism that lives off a host organism.
		Parasite singles in Japan allegedly are not economic failures, but economically astute.
	www.mississippilink.com /pv/pageview.pl?section=opinions&newsfile=n200408043.txt (716 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Editorial
		Parasite singles first came into public prominence three years ago, and since then, most discussion has focused on the social causes and implications.
		According to the latest figures by the Japanese government, the number of singles between the ages of 25 and 34 was 2.87 million in 1995, a compared to 1.48 million in the same age bracket in 1975.
		Experts on the that Japan had few parasite singles during the period of high economic growth from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010525/edit.htm (5881 words)

	Japan Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		High school girl prostitution, "parasite singles," and the dramatic increase in the number of young part-time workers, or freeters, among many other youth-related phenomena, have all been the focus of concern in public discourse.
		"Parasite singles," a term coined by Japanese sociologist Yamada Masahiro, refers to young unmarried women who keep postponing marriage and continue to live with their parents in order to maximize their disposable income and enjoy a single lifestyle.
		I conclude that these programs reproduce the contradictions within which single women are enmeshed in contemporary Japan; while these dramas encourage their viewers to become elite consumers, in reality, young women remain marginalized from the normative world of work and wage labor.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2005abst/Japan/j-207.htm (979 words)

	hackwriters.com - The Parasite Singles of Japan - J T Brown on 'kids these days'
		Put succinctly, a parasite single is a twenty-something or thirty-something child that refuses to move out of their parent’s nest.
		A subset of the parasite single is the ‘freeta’.
		The third, most extreme variety of the parasite, is the hikikomori’;, or the ‘shutin’ sons (almost all of them are males).
	www.hackwriters.com /freeta.htm (1531 words)

	The Well-Timed Period
		The term applies equally to women and men, although the article says the most carefree of the parasite singles tend to be women.
		Fifty-four percent of Japanese women in their late 20s are single, up from 30.6% in 1985.
		About half of single Japanese women ages 35 to 54 have no intention to marry, according to a survey in January by the Japan Institute of Life Insurance.
	thewelltimedperiod.blogspot.com /2004/06/parasite-singles-and-losing-dogs-today.html (941 words)

	Feature: Crowded house by Olivia Kember \| New Zealand Listener
		There are even national derogatory names for the species: “boomerang children” or “boomerangs” in English-speaking countries are “parasite singles” (parasaito shinguru) in Japan, and mammoni or “mama’s boys” in Italy.
		The ever-receding average marriage age might be the reason why all those Japanese parasite singles – mostly young women – and Italian mama’s boys are sitting at home, but consumerism appears to compensate amply for their lack of a spouse.
		Their parents often cover many day-to-day expenses such as groceries, rent and even -transportation.” Economists have credited the parasite singles, the buyers of Gucci bags and high-tech toys, with a luxury-spending boom that continues to defy Japan’s recession.
	www.listener.co.nz /printable,1357.sm (1928 words)

	Japanese Women Are Doing It For Themselves Sort Of!
		As I mentioned earlier these women are referred to as "parasite singles" for wanting to stay with their parents instead of doing what is expected of them culturally, go to work, find a husband, leave their jobs, make a home for kids.
		These men weren't looked upon as oddities or referred to as "parasites" nor were their manhoods questioned, they were celebrated by the community inwhich they resided.
		Yoki seem to think "parasite singles" are not liked in her country because they aren't controlled by a man, therefore they can't be dictated to like their married counterparts by their spouses.
	www.leatherspinsters.com /japanese_women.html (686 words)

	purevolume™ \| The Parasite Singles
		The Parasite Singles are an indie rock band from Atlanta, GA. They draw from all sorts of influences, including Pixies, Pavement, Flaming Lips, and their family pets.
		The Parasite Singles hasn't posted a blog yet.
		The Parasite Singles hasn't posted any shows yet.
	www.purevolume.com /theparasitesingles (76 words)

	BudoSeek! Martial Arts Community Forums - interesting article
		A few years ago, Tokyo Gakugei University sociologist Masahiro Yamada coined the phrase ''parasite singles'' to describe young people who sponge off their parents and use their rent-free incomes to splurge on designer goodies, expensive dinners and trips abroad.
		It came from the 1997 Japanese horror movie Parasite Eve and applies to young, live-at-home men and women alike, though Yamada says the most carefree of the parasite singles tend to be women; the men are more serious about establishing careers and moving out on their own one day.
		The phenomenon of parasite singles also is creating a demographic nightmare.
	www.budoseek.net /vbulletin/printthread.php?t=5754 (2674 words)

	consider.net - Message details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In his influential Parasite Single no Jidai (The Era of Parasite Singles), widely covered by the media last year, Masahiro Yamada laid the blame firmly on feckless young things - ten million of them, according to one census - content to live at home, sponging off mummy and daddy.
		Professor Yuji Genda argues that the emergence of the "parasite single" phenomenon is "not a cause but rather a consequence of the rise in the unemployment rate for young people".
		The salaryman on the scrapheap is still the exception rather than the rule, and companies remain fundamentally committed to the prerogative of seniority and the belief that redundancies entail loss of face.
	www.consider.net /forum_new.php3?Action=Display&newDisplayURN=200104020021 (849 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Japan the carefree young are labelled "parasite singles", and the government tries to shame them into marriage and parenthood.
		In their 20s and 30s more of them are single.
		Research by Bob Birrell, the head of the Centre for Population and Urban Research at Monash University, shows that in 1986 about 70 per cent of men aged 30 to 34 were either married or living with someone.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=8536634&postID=109943745641058523 (1975 words)

	Parasites in Pret-a-Porter by Peggy Orenstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He may be right: parasite women may indeed be a sign of decadence, a hangover from the intoxicating materialism of the Bubble years of the 80's.
		If you were a 30-ish parasite in the spring of 2001, you would mix your Uniqlo T-shirts (Uniqlo being the Japanese version of the Gap) with high-end designer accessories.
		Those who have tried to make parasite singles the whipping girls for Japan's declining birthrate tend to believe that the solution is a return to the traditional family, in which men work and women stay home.
	www.farfilm.com /peggy/articles/parasites.htm (4159 words)

	Rethinking Japan: College Students Speak Their Minds - William Underwood
		Legions of college graduates are passing on joining Japan's company-based working world, opting instead to continue their loosely structured employment as "freeters" in low-paying, noncareer service jobs.
		Freeters frequently overlap with the swelling ranks of "parasite singles," an even less kind term referring to adults who forgo marriage indefinitely in favor of the indulgent affluence of living with mom and dad.
		Indeed, Masahiro Yamada, the commentator credited with coining the term parasite singles, calls the group (up to ten million strong) a "symbol of the impasse at which contemporary Japanese society finds itself.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/2003/August/Sa23261.htm (314 words)

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