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Topic: Parasitic Jaeger

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	Parasitic Jaeger
		Parasitic Jaegers pursue and intercept their targets, which include terns, gulls, murres, and puffins, and force them to release the small fish or other food that they have gathered in their bills or crops.
		Parasitic Jaegers are intermediate in size between Long-tailed and Pomarine jaegers, though the mass of individual Parasitic Jaegers does overlap with the mass ranges of the other species.
		Lighter breeding adult Parasitic Jaegers have solid brown upperparts, a lighter brown breastband, cream-colored belly and nape, and a dark brown cap.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /parasitic_jaeger_info.htm (719 words)

	jaeger on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Jaegers and skuas are stocky, powerfully muscled birds with long, pointed wings, long tails, strong, hooked bills, and sharp, curved talons.
		Of the three jaegers (Stercorarius species), all of northern oceans, the largest is the pomarine jaeger (also called jiddy hawk), the most common the parasitic jaeger, and the most graceful the long-tailed jaeger.
		Dan Jaeger, of Chicago, practices Vietnamese phrases with a group of children from Nam Cuong village in Vietnam during a kayaking trip.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/j1/jaeger.asp (585 words)

	Parasitic Jaeger Dark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Parasitic Jaeger: Breeds on coasts of Alaska, as well as coastal and inland tundra regions of northern Canada.
		Parasitic Jaeger: Two brown to green eggs with brown spots are laid in a shallow depression in the ground lined with plant material.
		Parasitic Jaeger: Hunt small and medium-sized birds (including longspurs, sandpipers, and juvenile ducks and ptarmigans), birds' eggs (including those of gulls, geese, loons, and alcids), insects, fish, rodents, and carrion.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/491/_/Parasitic_Jaeger_Dark.aspx (792 words)

	Jaeger question
		The bill structure looks like Parasitic to me. Although the bill is not in complete plan view in the picture, it looks like the distance from the proximal to the distal end of the nail is much less than the distance from the proximal end to the base of the culmen.
		I wouldn't have any trouble calling this a Parasitic, but it is hard to judge jaegers from one photo, but I think the primary tips are enough (when combined with the shape and overall appearance) ot safely ID this bird.
		Parasitic in that the feather edges are almost white rather than some shade of rusty; the juv.
	home.earthlink.net /~barbolink1/BrdLnks/JaegerPage.html (2064 words)

	* Jaeger - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Parasitic Jaeger is the Jaeger most often seen from shore, as they tend to congregate over the continental shelf within a few miles from land.
		Jaegers and skuas (both close relatives of gulls) are classic avian pirates that attack other birds in midair and make them relinquish their food.
		jaegers, fork-tailed storm-petrels, and conspecifics occurs at nesting colonies (Morgan 1994)...
	www.bestknows.com /bird/jaeger.html (396 words)

	Birds - Parasitic Jaeger
		Jaegers constantly pick up carrion and other rubbish cast up by the sea or thrown overboard from a passing ship, for nothing in the line of food, however putrid it may be, seems to miss the mark of their rapacious appetites, as their Latin name, stercorarius, a scavenger, indicates.
		Professor Newton, of Cambridge University, has noted that the long, central tail feathers of the pomarine jaeger have their shafts twisted toward the tip, so that in flight the lower surfaces of their webs are pressed together vertically, giving the bird the appearance of having a disk attached to its tail.
		The description of the habits of the parasitic jaeger applies equally well to all of the three freebooters mentioned.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles20/birds-150.shtml (723 words)

	Identification of Immature Long-tailed Jaeger
		This is characteristic of Long-tailed Jaeger, whereas in Parasitic the nail is shorter (perhaps 1/3) of the upper mandible.
		Parasitic would be expected to show, but rather is much more grayish, with whitish, narrow feather edgings (which characteristic is not present in Parasitic Jaeger).
		In a Parasitic Jaeger (with which the Long-tailed Jaeger can most easily be confused), the first 3 to 5 primaries are white shafted.
	idahobirds.net /identification/ltjaeger.html (579 words)

	Skuas and Jaegers
		The mid-sized Parasitic Jaeger is most often encountered within a mile or two of shore, and sometimes in estuaries, as it chases Elegant Terns Sterna elegans that have moved north from nesting grounds in Mexico or southern California.
		The Pomarine Jaeger shown above is a dark morph; the Parasitic Jaeger at the top of the page is a light morph (dark breastband on white underparts is a typical pattern).
		Jaegers typically do not breed until 3 years old, and the larger skuas not until they are 5-6 years of age (Furness 1996, Olsen and Larsson 1997).
	montereybay.com /creagrus/skuas.html (1352 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Parasitic Jaeger (known in most of the world as the Arctic Skua) is medium in size between the smaller Long-tailed Jaeger and larger Pomarine Jaeger.
		Parasitic Jaegers are agile in flight, and they often forage by chasing other seabirds and forcing them to drop their prey (kleptoparasitism).
		Parasitic Jaegers may be seen in coastal areas such as bays and estuaries, especially where gulls and terns are plentiful.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/Species.asp?id=189 (775 words)

	Seabirds of the Lower Texas Coast
		Parasitic is more slender bodied than Pomarine Jaeger, having a relatively shorter and thinner bill.
		The tail and underwing coverts on Parasitic Jaeger are duller than the (boldly patterned) Pomarine and Long-tailed Jaegers.
		Juvenile Long-tailed Jaeger is usually gray-toned (Parasitic is browner), with strongly barred tail coverts and a pale head.
	emyadestes.com /lrgv_pelagic.htm (2228 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Parasitic Jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus)
		Similar Species: The Pomarine Jaeger is similar to the Parasitic Jaeger, but is slightly larger and stouter bird.
		Habitat: The Parasitic Jaeger is found on grassy tundra and the shores of arctic lakes during the breeding season.
		The Parasitic Jaeger is usually quiet, but makes a variety of crying sounds during the breeding season.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Sparas.htm (293 words)

	Mystery Jaeger
		Jaegers present one of the greatest identification challenges to birders at sea.
		The dark and light barring of the underwing was decidedly darker than the dark and light barring on the under body--indicating Parasitic Jaeger.
		Olsen and Larsson indicate that the juvenile Parasitic has a tail that is "dark brown with paler, sometimes whitish or pale buff, base, often sharply divided from dark tip to create strongly bicolored appearance" (page 137-138).
	thebirdguide.com /pelagics/mystery_jaeger.htm (3042 words)

	HBSP Razorbill and Parasitic Jaeger but no Sharp-taileds - darn
		The jaeger was seen about 75 meters from our vantage point on the dunes in front of the castle at the south end of the park.
		My birding partner, Phil, has a lot more experience with jaegers than I do as he spends about a month every year on the Aleutian Island of Adak, and he feels more comfortable iding jaegers on the basis of their body and wing shape and flight style.
		His impression of our jaeger was that this birds wingbeats were much faster than that of a pomarine and more resembled the flight of a falcon.
	www.ibiblio.org /pardo/birds/archive/archive11/msg01656.html (634 words)

	Recent Sightings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The jaeger would glide over the water and flit up and twist and look as though it was going to dive into the water and then go back to a long glide above the lake surface.
		Mantle of the jaeger was a light brown color vs. a dark flish brown color you see on Parasitics and Pomarines.
		Even though our notes were not complete with all the field marks you should have to verify a Long-tail Jaeger, we just felt that this jaeger did not exhibit the jist of what I normally see in a parasitic jaeger.
	webpages.charter.net /mmhendrickson/sightings.html (790 words)

	Wiley and Lee 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Field identification of jaegers is difficult, especially when they are not in their characteristic breeding plumages.
		Because molts occur primarily at sea in the southern hemisphere, winter specimens of Parasitic Jaeger are not well represented in museums.
		It is the scarcest and least studied of the three jaegers in the Arctic, and almost nothing is known of its life during winter in the southern hemisphere.
	www.unc.edu /home/rhwiley/refsj/pajaintro.html (493 words)

	Pomarine or Parasitic Jaeger?
		Also as opportunity to get so close portraits of jaegers is rare (I was even getting headshots from about 8 feet) it is a perfect moment for nature photographers living in close range to get some jaeger?s photos.
		A couple of other things that kind of nudge me in the direction of pomerine: the underside and underwings don't look very buffy or rusty, the rump is fairly dark, and the central tail feathers don't look very pointy.
		I confident I can usually separate pomarine from parasitic if I see them together: pomarines are considerably beefier (I might add that only two or three times have I seen both species more or less simultaneously).
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=00Dz6X (782 words)

	Bird Quiz Answer 6 ~ American Birding Association
		Jaegers and skuas are a notoriously difficult group of birds to identify.
		While jaegers are exceedingly variable, a jaeger that that appears this rusty on the upperparts is usually a Parasitic.
		This juvenile Parasitic Jaeger was photographed by the author on 22 August 2003 at Clam Lagoon, Adak Island, Alaska.
	www.americanbirding.org /photoquiz/quizans6.html (824 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for July 6-12, 2003
		Maybe this jaeger is such a beast, which may also contribute to it being in the transition zone between the major wintering grounds and the breeding grounds in late June.
		With fresh eyes, this bird looks like a Parasitic, the apparent wide and round-tipped 'central' tail feathers are the only issue that bothers me, particularly on a bird that is likely in its 3d Calendar year.
		Parasitic Skuas look normally better-proportioned, with the rear end roughly equal to the width of the wings.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200307/w2 (6802 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Parasitic Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Parasitic Jaegers have been seen fairly regularly off Nova Scotia in recent years.
		The northward migration of this species is largely completed by early June, but, like the Pomarine Jaeger, some spend the summer in our area.
		The colourations of the Parasitic Jaeger and the other two jaegers are distinguished only with difficulty.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0165.htm (175 words)

	Jaegers
		A An Autumn 1976 Jaeger Invasion in Duluth
		N Parasitic Jaegers on Lake of the Woods
		N Sabine's Gull and Jaeger on Lake of the Woods
	biosci.cbs.umn.edu /~mou/loon/11jaegers.html (205 words)

	Freshwater Birds - Parasitic Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The parasitic jaeger has the widest distribution of all jaegers.
		Of the three jaegers, this species is most often the pirate, stealing food from other birds –; hence its common name, the parasitic jaeger.
		It is also sometimes known as the arctic jaeger.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpl/organisms/birds/Freshwater/gulls/parasitic.htm (172 words)

	Sep-Oct 1999 IL Long-tailed Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This immature-type jaeger was recently seen in Illinois and has caused
		Arctic [Parasitic Jaeger] never has a white belly” (p 257).
		Jaeger, so I assume that other species have never been noticed doing this.
	www.iwu.edu /~sander/mretter/LTJA.htm (1127 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Of the three jaegers, this species is most often a pirate, stealing food from other birds- hence its common name, the parasitic jaeger.
		This species has two colour phases, a dark phase in which the body is dark brown all over and a light phase where the belly turns white while the back remains brown.
		The further north the bird lives, the more the white portion of its plumage increases in proportion to the brown, so that northern birds tend to be white and southern ones brown.
	www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca /birds/speciesacc/Arctic/Arc_Birds/Laridae/S_parasticus.htm (177 words)

	Jaeger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		David A. Jaeger is a professor of economics at the College of William and Mary.
		Utti Jaeger Regiment is subordinate to the Commander of the Eastern Command.
		Parasitic Jaeger Winged Pirate of the High Seas by Colleen Duarte and Mary Deinlein (June 2003) Parasitic Jaeger © George Jameson.
	supersearching.com /k/jaeger.html (843 words)

	THE OTTER SIDE - Jaeger/Gull/Tern/etc. Images
		This Parasitic Jaeger was photographed on the tundra along Gas Well Road in Barrow, Alaska.
		This immature Pomarine Jaeger was photographed as it soared alongside the boat on a pelagic trip out of Montauk, Long Island in New York.
		This adult Pomarine Jaeger, showing the "spoon" shaped tail feathers characteristic of this species, was photographed as it soared alongside the boat on a pelagic trip out of Montauk, Long Island in New York.
	www.otterside.com /htmfiles/gull9.htm (354 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for September 26-30, 2004
		Also the thickness of the white barring on the undertail coverts can look more extensive in photographs than it really is. An example of that effect can be seen at www.octoberweb.com/birds/ltja.
		Although Parasitics tend to be warmer/darker, plumage tone is so variable among jaegers, I don't think the greyish/pale look should be used against the id. of this as a Parasitic.
		Of course jaegers can be tough, but personally I'd have to call it a Parasitic.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200409/w5 (3188 words)

	Parasitic jaeger Identification tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Adult Parasitics can be safely identified either by their long, pointed central tail feathers or smooth gray breast band.
		All three jaegers differ in size and structure, but Parasitic is most difficult to identify since it can be confused with the larger Pomarine or smaller Long-tailed jaegers.
		Juvenile Parasitics can have distinctive cinnamon tones to their plumage, usually have pale primary tips, and wavy uppertail covert bars which are diagnostic.
	www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov /id/htmid/h0370id.html (325 words)

	BISON Species Account 040980 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The occurrence of parasitic jaegers in New Mexico was regarded as hypothetical 08.
		1992: Parasitic jaegers are rare during the fall (Sept. to Nov.) at Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS, 1992) 19.
		UTAH Parasitic Jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus, occurs in Utah (UTDNR, 1990) 16.
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/040980.htm (485 words)

	BBC Pelagic Birding Results 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The last whale of the day was identified as Salt the first whale named and an animal that has a 27 year history of scientific research with her latest calf.
		The 2 hour ride northeast to the GM banks recorded 8 or 9 jaegers, most of which were Pomarine, 1 Parasitic, and a few unidentified large Jaeger sp, most flying south.
		Best show of the day was the Pomarine Jaeger which flew over the boat, around the boat and sat on the water very close for a great photo op.
	members.aol.com /BBCPelagic/2000results.htm (2898 words)

	New England Seabirds - Pomarine Jaeger
		On any pelagic in the New England 0 -2 jaegers may be seen from July - October.
		There are always places with good Lemming populations, but a spot that is good one year may have very few the next year.
		This is probably the reason that Pomarine Jaegers do not nest in the same spot year after year and do not mate for life.
	www.neseabirds.com /jaegerpom.htm (284 words)

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