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Topic: Parasitic twin

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	OBGYN.net Prenatal Diagnosis of Pygopagus Tetrapus Parasitic Twin: Case Report
		Conjoined twins are rare, with an estimated frequency of one in 50,000–100,000 births [1].
		Parasitic twins are rare form of conjoined twins and are consisting of an incomplete twin (parasite) attached to the fully developed body of the co-twin (autosite).
		Obstetrician should be aware of the existence of a parasitic twin during prenatal examinations and the importance of the differential diagnosis of parasite and teratoma.
	www.obgyn.net /ultrasound/?page=articles/pygopagus_tetrapus_parasitic_twin (1691 words)

	Parasitic twin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A parasitic twin is the result of a situation related to the process that results in teratomas, vanishing twin, and conjoined twins – two unique embryos begin developing in utero, but something goes wrong.
		Parasitic twins are a variation on conjoined twins—except one of the twins stopped developing during gestation and is now vestigial to a healthy, otherwise mostly fully-formed individual twin.
		Invariably the parasitic fetus is anencephalic (without a brain) and lacks internal organs, and as such is unable to survive on its own, though it may have almost human (albeit underdeveloped and bizarre) features such as limbs, digits, hair, nails and teeth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parasitic_twin (482 words)

	Twin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Twins in animal biology is a case of multiple birth in which the mother gives birth to two offspring from the same pregnancy.
		Twin studies are studies that assess identical (monozygotic) twins for medical, genetic, or psychological characteristics to try to isolate genetic influence from environmental influence.
		Twins that have been separated early in life and raised in separate households are especially sought-after for these studies, which have been invaluable in the exploration of human nature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twin (2184 words)

	Twin - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Fraternal twins (commonly known as "non-identical twins") occur when two fertilized eggs are implanted in the uterine wall at about the same time, within the same menstrual cycle, or in rare cases within one menstrual cycle of each other.
		Twin studies refers to the practice of assessing identical twins for medical, genetic, or psychological studies to try to find innate similarities and differences and isolate genetic influence from environmental influence.
		Twins that have been separated early in life and raised in separate households are the most sought-after for these studies, which have been invaluable in the exploration of human nature.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Twin (1287 words)

	Twin
		Fraternal twins (commonly known as "non-identical twins") usually occur when two fertilised eggs are implanted in the uterine wall at the same time.
		Many identical twins spend most of their time together (especially as children), so people often assume that they will behave alike just as they look alike; however, this is not the case.
		A chimera may be from either from identical twin fetuses (where it would be impossible to detect), or from dyzygotic fetuses, which could be identified by chromosonal comparisons from various parts of the body.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Biology/Twin.php (1896 words)

	Parasitic Twins
		All of these twins are acephalic-acardiac, meaning they are both without a brain and without a heart, and completely dependent on the autosite.
		His configuration resembled that of vertical craniopagus twins, except that the neck of the second head ended in a small stump of a neck.
		Upon autopsy, the neck stump of the parasitic head was shown to contain fragments of bone and tiny vestiges of a heart and lungs.
	www.phreeque.com /parasitic_twins.html (1010 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		This is a case of asymmetric conjoined twins, also referred to as "double monster", "parasitic monster", or "parasitic twin".
		Asymmetric parasitic twins have one well-developed and one hypoplastic twin.
		Clinically an asymmetric parasitic twin may be similar to a teratoma; what is the differentiating point between these two remains controversial.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /oct1998/oct-1027.htm (214 words)

	Parasitic Twin \| noesis
		Apparantley this baby was the result of conjoined twins with one developing incompletely only as a head, attached at the base of each of their skulls.
		Amazingly it was able to survive parasitically receiving all of its blood/oxygen/nutrients from the fully formed body of its twin.
		As the fully developed twin was medically compromised by the parasitical twin, the decision was made to remove the attached head in order to allow for the other to survive.
	noesis.fifthhorseman.net /node/28 (351 words)

	Twin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Fraternal twin boys in the tub The term twin most notably refers to two individuals (or one of two individuals) who have shared the same uterus (womb) and usually, but not necessarily, born on the same day.
		In these cases, identical twin boys are conceived, but, during the twinning process, one twin loses a Y chromosome (boys have chromosome type XY while girls have XX).
		One example of fraternal twin similarity is the acting sisters Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who are frequently mistaken as being identical twins.
	twin.kiwiki.homeip.net (1448 words)

	Twins
		These twins can develop where blood passes disproportionately from one twin to the other through connecting blood vessels within their shared placenta, leading to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
		Many identical twins spend most of their time together (especially as children), so people can assume that they will behave alike just as they look alike; however, this is not the case.
		There are some patterns of twinning that are exceedingly rare: while they have been reported to happen, they are sufficiently unusual that most obstetricians or midwives may go their entire careers without encountering a single case.
	www.mrsci.com /Obstetrics/Twins.php (1948 words)

	math lessons - Parasitic twin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It continues to survive as a parasite even past birth until it grows so large that it starts to harm the host, at which point doctors usually intervene.
		Invariably the parasitic fetus is anencephalic (without a brain) and lacks internal organs, and as such is unable to survive on its own.
		An acardiac twin is a parasitic twin that fails to develop a head, arms and a heart.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Parasitic_twin (304 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		The parasitic twin had well-developed lower limbs, a penis with urethra which was blind beyond its root, a poorly developed scrotum without testes, an anal dimple and a malformed upper limb with a single digit.
		The parasite was excised successfully during this presentation, it had no visceral organs except two rudimentary kidneylike structures, confirmed later by histological examination.
		Incomplete parasitic twin or heteropagus at the epigastric region is an extremely rare congenital malformation.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /mar1999/mar-327.htm (186 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Boy 'pregnant' with twin brother
		A seven-year-old boy who was admitted to hospital with stomach pains was actually "pregnant" with his twin brother.
		Doctors at the hospital told the BBC the tumour was the remains of his twin brother's foetus.
		It is believed that the foetus grew inside Mourat while he was developing in the womb.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/2987963.stm (295 words)

	Homo sapiens diseases - Multi-organ failures (MOFs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		ischiothoracopagus / iliothoracopagus : symmetrical conjoined twins fused from the pelvis to the thorax
		parasite / parasitic monster : the smaller, less complete component of asymmetrical conjoined twins, which is attached to and dependent on the autosite.
		It differs from craniopagus conjoined twins in that the body and limbs of the parasitic twin are underdeveloped, leaving in some cases only a parasitic head, inserted on the crown of the autositic twin.
	focosi.altervista.org /pathohomotissuemof.html (7851 words)

	twins - twin
		Dizygotic twins, like any siblings, have a very small chance of having the exact same chromosome profile, but most likely have a number of different chromosomes that distinguish them.
		Dizygotic twins may be a different sex or the same sex, just as with any other siblings.
		A chimera may arise either from identical twin fetuses (where it would be impossible to detect), or from dyzygotic fetuses, which could be identified by chromosonal comparisons from various parts of the body.
	www.livoc.com /thank-you/twins.php (1938 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Prenatal diagnosis of pygopagus tetrapus parasitic twin: case report
		The infant appeared to be normal except the parasitic co-twin (Figure 3 and Figure 4).
		But prenatal diagnosis of parasitic conjoined twins is relatively difficult becasue of changing fetal positions and the rarity of these abnormalities as with any rare medical entity.
		Even though it is rare, a parasitic conjoined twin should be considered in the differantial diagnosis when polyhydramnios is present.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2393/4/13 (1696 words)

	Parasitic Twins
		All of these twins are acephalic-acardiac, meaning they are both without a brain and without a heart, and completely dependent on the autosite.
		His configuration resembled that of vertical craniopagus twins, except that the neck of the second head ended in a small stump of a neck.
		Upon autopsy, the neck stump of the parasitic head was shown to contain fragments of bone and tiny vestiges of a heart and lungs.
	phreeque.tripod.com /parasitic_twins.html (986 words)

	Wikinfo \| Twin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Twin studies refers to the practice of assessing identical twins for medical, genetic, or psychological studies to try to find innate similarities and differences.
		Twins that have been separated early in life and raised in separate households are the most sought-after for these studies.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Twin (1214 words)

	Parasitic Twins
		In the late 1800s an Indian boy named Laloo was born as normal as any boy, with the exception of his grotesque parasitic twin.
		Way back in the 1600s Lazarus-Joannes Baptista Colloredo was born with a parasitic twin, complete with head.
		I would've paid the child's admission price at the movies, claiming that the ticket was for Jimmy, and that I was the parasitic twin leeching off his body.
	www.backwashzine.com /parasitic.html (1151 words)

	Baby saved from 'parasitic' leg - Yellowworld Forums
		Conjoined twins are extremely rare, but occasionally, one of the twins fails to develop properly, lacks vital organs, and is dependent on the other to live.
		In this case, the twin took the form of a tail-like leg protruding upwards from the hip - and its demands for nutrients were slowly killing its sister.
		However, occasionally, one of the twins will fail to develop properly, and play a parasitic role, only surviving because of the efforts of the organs in the other.
	forums.yellowworld.org /showthread.php?t=9084 (622 words)

	Twin - Enpsychlopedia
		Twins in human biology are two individuals who have shared the uterus during a single pregnancy and are usually, but not necessarily, born in close succession.
		Dizygotic twins may be a different sex or the same sex.
		Identical twins do not run in families, but occur more or less randomly.
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Twin (2038 words)

	Insanity news - the latest events of the pioneers of early death metal
		Parasitic Twin productions will soon be releasing an Insanity CD titled From The Grave.
		Parasitic Twin which is Matt Harvey's new label also just released Exhumed's "Garbage Daze Re-Regurgitated" which is a collection of great covers done Gore Fucking Metal style!!!
		Now that the compilation CD for Parasitic Twin has been sent to Relapse, work now begins on completing the 2nd full length release "Visions Of Apocalypse".
	www.blacklungproductions.com /insanity/inews.html (565 words)

	freaksofnature: A grabbag of parasitic twins
		Her twin, which grew along with her, consisted of three limbs and a rudimentary head embedded in her abdomen.
		Her condition is not technically a parasitic twin, but in fact, a condition know as complete dipygus - she was born with a fully duplicated lower body.
		She married at the age of 19 and had five children, three of which it is said was born from one side of her body, and the remaining two from the other side.
	community.livejournal.com /freaksofnature/5171.html (748 words)

	Baby born with 2 Heads Video on Metacafe
		The twin has no heart and no brain, so in order to survive, he must be a parasite.
		Check the definition of parasite in your dictionnary, a parasite is someone who can't survive without the host and that's what he is.
		Its only called parasite when its from another specie, i think we would need to find another therm, since the definition of parasite its: to survive, the parasite needs to find a host of another specie, not the same specie...Or EVERTHING that lives in this planet would be a parasite..
	www.metacafe.com /watch/122740/baby_born_with_2_heads (2708 words)

	Boing Boing: Two heads not better than one
		Without exception, the press coverage was ill-informed, indicative of the failure of modern ‘medical journalism’ in which the reporters appear to understand very little of what they are writing about.
		In this unfortunate situation, they have a tendency to rely on dubious authorities, like a local ‘expert’ on conjoined twins who held a press conference after what must have been a very brief session reading up on his subject.
		Following this dubious authority, the world’s press unanimously regurgitated the false information that although there had been some previous instances of this malformation, none of them had been live-born.
	www.boingboing.net /2005/01/18/two_heads_not_better.html (303 words)

	Parasitic Twin - iBLOGthere4iM
		MSNBC: Manar was born with a rare condition known as craniopagus parasiticus, which occurs when an embryo begins to split into identical twins but fails to complete the process.
		I think it is so weird that if the parasitic twin was blinking and smiling and stuff like that, why would the kill it.
		I have a friend who has a parasitic twin but its inside of her as a teratoma tumor.
	www.kbcafe.com /iBLOGthere4iM/?guid=20050220134914 (1119 words)

	lies.com » Baby Girl Has ‘Parasitic’ Head Removed
		It’s probably the case that the conjoined twins would not have been able to live beyond a certain age.
		It may well be that killing the parasitic twin was the right thing to do.
		I just watched film footage of this case on Oprah, and the Parasitic head, had its own brain, and was a twin, the doctors said yes they considered this a seperate baby, but no it could not survive on its own with sharing the heart, lungs etc from the host baby.
	www.lies.com /wp/2005/02/21/baby-girl-has-parasitic-head-removed (1638 words)

	Baby stable after 2nd head removed - Children's Health - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The baby remains in intensive care at the hospital, 25 miles north of Cairo, and doctors expect her to stay there for at least seven days.
		Manar was born with a rare condition known as craniopagus parasiticus, which occurs when an embryo begins to split into identical twins but fails to complete the process.
		One of the conjoined twins fails to develop fully in the womb.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6998205?GT1=6190 (386 words)

	Fetus In Fetu: A Case Report and Literature Review -- Hoeffel et al. 105 (6): 1335 -- Pediatrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Fetus in fetu is a malformed parasitic monozygotic diamniotic twin that is found inside the body of the living child or adult.
		Gross RE, Clatworthy HW Jr Twin fetuses in fetu.
		Blumberg NA Abdominal parasitic twin: an unusual cause of duodenal obstruction.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/105/6/1335) (2081 words)

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