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Topic: Parathyroid chief cell

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Parathyroid gland

Endocrine gland

Adrenal gland

Endocrine system

Anatomy

	Parathyroid Gland
		Chief cell is most sensitive to changes in ionized calcium
		microscopic foci of hyperplastic parathyroid tissue in neck associated with chief cell hyperplasia and prior surgery,
		marked hyperplasia, with predominance of chief cells and abundance of oxyphil cells,
	www.pathologyoutlines.com /parathyroid.html (2321 words)

	Parathyroid gland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck, usually located within the thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.
		Parathyroid hormone is a small protein that takes part in the control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, as well as bone physiology.
		The parathyroid glands originate from endoderm of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parathyroid (374 words)

	Parathyroid Carcinoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is a carcinoma that arises from the epithelial cells of the parathyroid gland.
		Parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, and carcinomas were included in the study, and a fractional allelic loss was calculated for each lesion.
		We analyzed a series of parathyroid neoplasms with DNA fluorescent probes to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 22 and cyclin D1 and p53 gene loci.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com:16080 /diseases/parathyroid_ca.htm (1708 words)

	Hemorrhage into a Parathyroid Adenoma
		Hemorrhage within a parathyroid adenoma is a known, though rare complication, with fewer than cases reported in the literature as of July 1995.
		Parathyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the parathyroid which usually comes to clinical attention because of overproduction of parathyroid hormone.
		Parathyroid adenomas are thought to be the result of a somatic mutation in a parathyroid cell which results in a clonal expansion of mutant cells.
	www.med.harvard.edu /JPNM/TF99_00/April4/WriteUp.html (1055 words)

	Parathyroid Hyperplasia
		Parathyroid hyperplasia is defined as an absolute increase in the mass of the parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland.
		Parathyroid hyperplasia of all four glands was found to be the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in 85 of 557 cases seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1930 and 1973.
		These cells are morphologically similar to those of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, tubers, and atypical angiomyolipoma, all of which may arise in the setting of tuberous sclerosis.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/parathyroid_hyperplasia.htm (1879 words)

	HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AND RELATED SUBJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Esseltyn, C.B.: Reappraisal of parathyroid pathology in hyperparathyroidism.
		O.- Surgery of hyperparathyroidism: The occurrence of parathyroids in the anterior mediastinum and the division of the operation with two stages.
		Ayala, L.A.: Anatomy and physiology of the parathyroids.
	www.jeghers.com /annts/HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.htm (3144 words)

	[No title]
		The adenohypophysis is composed of epithelial cells in cords divided by sinusoidal capillaries.
		The cells of the fasciculata produce the glucocorticoid hormones and are regulated by ACTH from hypophysis.
		The cells of the reticularis are arranged in anastomosing cords.
	www.med.uiuc.edu /histo/small/lab/lab7/text.htm (1229 words)

	ipedia.com: List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
		basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
		Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_body.html (540 words)

	CD4 - CD4 antigen (p55)
		A murine T cell hybridoma with a receptor specific for the class I molecule H-2 Dd was transfected with an expressible cDNA for human CD4.
		CD26 is a lymphocyte cell surface antigen that is stimulated by interleukin-1 and serves with CD4 as a coreceptor that interacts with the V3 loop in gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus.
		The effects of tautomycin, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on recycling of cell surface molecules were studied with transferrin receptor (TFR) of human myeloid leukemia K562 cells and with CD4 of murine thymocytes.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/87001.html (6705 words)

	Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Study Guide
		At the apex of the cells you have the colloid.
		There are at least 4 parathyroid glands found embedded in the capsule of the thyroid at its dorsal surface.
		Chief cells are lightly staining cells that make parathyroid hormone.
	www.cytochemistry.net /Endocrine_System/thyroid_and_parathyroid.htm (1483 words)

	Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: Primary parathyroid hyperplasia - Pathology Clinic
		Parathyroid hyperplasia is classified as either primary, secondary, or tertiary.
		Primary parathyroid hyperplasia occurs in approximately 15% of patients with hyperparathyroidism.
		Parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma: Localization, technical details of primary neck exploration, and treatment of hypercalcemic crisis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_5_82/ai_102274501 (458 words)

	Endotext.com - Diseases of Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Approach of Hypercalcemia
		In bone, the PTHR is localized on cells of the osteoblast phenotype which are of mesenchymal origin (32) but not on osteoclasts which are of hematogenous origin.
		Other important parathyroid regulatory pathways that may play a role in the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism are those related to the principal regulators or parathyroid cell proliferation and PTH secretion i.e.
		MENI is a familial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance which is characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, the anterior pituitary, and the pancreatic islets (111) (Fig.
	www.endotext.com /parathyroid/parathyroid4/parathyroid4.htm (12112 words)

	eMedicine - Parathyroid Carcinoma : Article by Lawrence Kim, MD
		Parathyroid carcinoma may be suspected, but it usually cannot be confirmed prior to operation.
		Parathyroid hormone (intact): Parathyroid carcinoma should produce authentic parathyroid hormone, therefore serum parathyroid hormone levels should be elevated.
		However, hypercalcemia due to parathyroid cancer is often resistant to long-term medical management and is usually the cause of death in patients with metastatic disease.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1754.htm (1674 words)

	ScienceDaily: Parathyroid chief cell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Source Of Crucial Immune Cell In The Skin Discovered (January 31, 2006) -- Mount Sinai researchers have identified the precursors of cells in the skin that are part of the first line of defense against invading pathogens.
		Treatment Of Down Syndrome In Mice Restores Nerve Growth In Cerebellum (January 31, 2006) -- Researchers at Johns Hopkins restored the normal growth of specific nerve cells in the cerebellum of mouse models of Down syndrome that were stunted by this genetic condition.
		Archaeologists Uncover One Of Biggest Medieval Graveyards (January 31, 2006) -- University of Leicester archaeologists are beginning work on examining the largest discovery of medieval skeletons -- numbering 1,300 -- to be found outside London.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/parathyroid_chief_cell (784 words)

	Parathyroid chief cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parathyroid chief cells are cells in the parathyroid glands which produce parathyroid hormone.
		The end result of increased secretion by the chief cells of a parathyroid gland is an increase in the serum level of Calcium.
		This page was last modified 17:01, 1 February 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cell (80 words)

	Parathyroid Gland - Printer Friendly version
		water clear cell hyperplasia of parathyroid gland (diffuse, affects all glands), parathyroid chief cell adenoma with clear cell change (some normal chief cells present), clear cell changes in a thyroid tumor (typical thyroid tumor cells present), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (multiple nodules, optically clear cylasm, delicate vasculature, intracylasmic glycogen and fat)
		Parathyroid tissue usually lacks birefringent calcium oxalate crystals detectable by polarized light microscopy that are present in thyroid tissue,
		parathyroid tissue appears as clusters of cells vs. discohesive lymphocytes and histiocytes in lymph nodes mistaken as parathyroid gland,
	www.pathologyoutlines.com /parathyroidpf.html (2439 words)

	Extracellular Calcium Sensing and Extracellular Calcium Signaling -- Brown and MacLeod 81 (1): 239 -- Physiological ...
		C cells (146, 158); and striatum of rat brain (392).
		[e.g., in bovine parathyroid chief cells, the epithelial cells
		in bovine parathyroid cells (243, 293, 326, 369, 408).
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/1/239 (10056 words)

	Parathyroid cancer
		Parathyroid carcinomas are rare tumors that usually present in the fourth decade.
		Most parathyroid carcinomas are sporadic, but familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with an increased risk of cancer.[1] Approximately 1% to 2% of cases of hyperparathyroidism are caused by parathyroid cancers.
		Because of the difficulty in establishing a histologic diagnosis of parathyroid cancer at the time of initial surgery, the appearance of recurrent or metastatic tumor can be the first sign of malignancy.
	cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk /cancernet/100541.html (1519 words)

	24-Hydroxylase: potential key regulator in hypervitaminosis D3 in growing dogs -- Tryfonidou et al. 284 (3): 505 -- AJP ...
		Four-parameter model of the sigmoidal relationship between parathyroid hormone release and extracellular calcium concentration in normal and abnormal parathyroid tissue.
		Extracellular Ca sensing, regulation of parathyroid cell function, and role of Ca and other ions as extracellular (first) messengers.
		Regulation by vitamin D metabolites of parathyroid hormone gene transcription in vivo in the rat.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/3/E505 (5038 words)

	Biotech Daily
		Living Cell says it has developed “a unique bio-capsule that is used in the Diabecell product, to coat pancreatic islet cells and to prevent immune rejection when transplanted into the abdomen of type I diabetes patients”.
		Living Cell says it has produced a stable bio-capsule made of pure alginate that is capable of surviving in diverse transplant sites, including the abdomen, for at least 215 days, the study endpoint.
		Living Cell quoted collaborator and alginate pioneer, Prof Riccardo Calafiore of the University of Perugia saying: “We have found a way to purify alginate for making smooth, long surviving capsules without surface pitting, so that inner layers and cells inside are not exposed.
	www.biotechdaily.net (3696 words)

	Evaluation of the Performance and Clinical Impact of a Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay in Conjunction ...
		of a solitary adenoma, with the remainder attributable to parathyroid
		The differential diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma and chief cell hyperplasia.
		The surgical pathology of parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/47/5/919 (3816 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The oxyphil cells were large, with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and small regular nuclei and sharp borders.
		Adenomas of the parathyroid glands are the most frequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, majority of which are chief cell tumours.
		The diagnostic criteria for functioning oxyphil adenoma include (a) at least 90% of the adenoma be composed of oxyphil cells, (b) a biopsy or excision of a second histologically normal parathyroid gland excluding the diagnostic possibility of hyperplasia and (c) postoperative alleviation of hypercalcaemia.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jp00075 (778 words)

	Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism Maps to the Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Locus in 1q21-q32 in a Subset of ...
		chief cell tumors and 1 oxyphil tumor were found to have loss
		Microphotograph showing hematoxylin-eosin staining of the chief cell adenoma of case III-6 in Family 1.
		Evaluation of RB and Ki-67 immunostaining as diagnostic markers in benign and malignant parathyroid disease.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/6/2114 (4408 words)

	Holistic Health Encyclopedia - V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Its chief use is as an alloying agent for iron and steel, representing more than 95 percent of the U.S. market.
		The metal is also important in producing aerospace titanium alloys and as a catalyst in producing maleic anhydride and sulfuric acid.
		Research indicates that supplementing the body with a healthy population of bifidobacteria may be extremely helpful in maintaining vital levels of health-enhancing and disease-preventing B vitamins--especially B-12.
	www.findhealer.com /glossary/V.php3 (2998 words)

	chief cell of parathyroid gland - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We found 2 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word chief cell of parathyroid gland:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "chief cell of parathyroid gland" is defined.
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	www.onelook.com /?w=chief+cell+of+parathyroid+gland&ls=all (105 words)

	UpToDate Calcitriol, vitamin D analogs, and calcimimetics to control hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure
		Kidney failure disrupts systemic calcium and phosphate homeostasis and affects the bone, gut, and parathyroid glands via limited exretion of phosphate, diminished hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and resulting hypocalcemia.
		There are increases in PTH secretion due to removal of the normal suppressive effect of calcitriol on the parathyroid glands [6].
		In tertiary hyperparathyroidism, there may be impaired calcium-sensing by the calcium receptor in the parathyroid glands; this results in reduced suppression of PTH release by a given plasma calcium concentration, a feature referred to as an elevation of the "set-point" for PTH suppression [10].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=dialysis/10219 (799 words)

	GCMB--Another Serendipitous Gift from Evolution to Clinical Investigators -- Kronenberg 89 (1): 6 -- Journal of ...
		origins of human parathyroid adenomas buried in the thymus gland.
		in the placenta, and gcm2 was expressed primarily in the parathyroid
		Anson-Cartwright L, Dawson K, Holmyard D, Fisher SJ, Lazzarini RA, Cross JC 2000 The glial cells missing-1 protein is essential for branching morphogenesis in the chorioallantoic placenta.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/6 (1165 words)

	Contrasting Mammalian Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Promoters: Nuclear Factor-Y Binds to a Deoxyribonucleic Acid Element ...
		A, OK cells were transfected with hPTHp/luc reporter in the absence (Con) or presence of increasing amounts (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 ng) of wild-type NF-Y A-subunit or dominant negative NF-Y Am29 expression vectors.
		B, SL2 cells were transfected with either human (Hum; left panel) or bovine (Bov; right panel) PTH promoter reporter plasmids, and either an expression vector for Sp1 (5 ng) or the intact NF-Y complex (5 ng/subunit) as indicated.
		Cells were cotransfected with an expression vector(s) for Sp1 or the NF-Y complex as indicated.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/6/2713 (5439 words)

	ScienceDaily: List of distinct cell types in the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		ScienceDaily: List of distinct cell types in the...
		We don't have an article called "List of distinct cell types in the..."
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/list_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_... (803 words)

	Sp3/Sp1 in the Parathyroid Gland: Identification of an Sp1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Element in the Parathyroid Hormone ...
		Cells in culture are trypsinized and transferred to a 50-ml
		OK cells were transfected with the tk/Luc control vector (tk), the tk/Luc reporter containing the bovine PTH Sp1 site (BovSp1), and the tk/Luc reporter containing a mutant form of the bovine PTH Sp1 site (BovMutSp1).
		Cells were harvested; luciferase activities determined and normalized to ß-galactosidase enzymatic activities.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/7/3138 (6422 words)

	Hypercalcemia - WSAVA 2002
		In the cat, hypercalcemia of malignancy (especially lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma), chronic renal failure, primary hyperparathyroidism, and idiopathic hypercalcemia are the most common diagnoses.
		Most parathyroid adenomas measure 4 to 8 mm in diameter, although an occasional parathyroid adenoma will exceed 1 cm.
		In contrast, the parathyroid glands will be small or undetectable with hypercalcemia of malignancy.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=pr02555 (1410 words)

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