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Topic: Parclo Interchange

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	Interchange (road) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Interchanges are almost always used when at least one of the roads is a freeway, though they may occasionally be used at junctions between two surface streets.
		A cloverleaf is a two-level interchange in which left turns are handled by loop ramps.
		A stack is an interchange in which left turns are handled by semi-directional flyover ramps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interchange_(road) (1474 words)

	Rural Public Transportation Technologies: User Needs and Applications FR1-798
		This section describes the statistical modeling of interchange ramp and speed-change lane accidents that was conducted during the research, based on the Washington data base.
		Modeling accidents to the small data sets for urban parclo and free-flow loop off-ramps and to urban outer connection off-ramps was particularly difficult given the erratic shape of their distributions as shown in appendix D. Loglinear regression models were applied to the accident data in this study.
		Parclo loops (4.7 percent of the available data) and free- flow loops (7.9 percent) were grouped into a single loop/ramp category, due to mathematical difficulties in estimating the interaction term of the model.
	www.tfhrc.gov /safety/pubs/97106/ch05/ch05.htm (10258 words)

	The Cloverleaf
		To the left is a picture (from terraserver-usa.com) of I-787 (to the south and east), NY 7 (to the west and east), and NY 787 (to the north), in Green Island, north of Albany, NY.
		The interchange to the left is at the intersection of CA 170 and Victory Boulevard in the northeastern suburbs of Los Angeles.
		The next interchange to the north, at CA 170 and Sherman Way, is similar to this one; the northbound (eastern) half has the braided loop ramps, but the southbound (western) half of the interchange has only two ramps, creating a half-diamond with a stoplight at the intersection with Sherman Way.
	whereroadsmeet.8k.com /article/clover.htm (1592 words)

	Wikinfo \| Road junction
		A highway interchange is a road junction that utilizes grade separation, and one or more ramps, to permit traffic on at least one road to pass through the junction without crossing any other traffic stream.
		A trumpet is an interchange traditionally used where one freeway terminates at another freeway; it involves at least one loop ramp (for traffic leaving the terminating freeway) whose overpass is shared by traffic connecting to the terminating freeway.
		Dumbbell interchange - this is similar to a diamond except that it uses roundabouts rather than signals or stop signs where the ramps meet the non-freeway road.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Road_junction (1507 words)

	[No title]
		A (partial cloverleaf) interchange with loops in advance of the minor road with direction of travel on the freeway; and in the same interchange area, an interchange with loops beyond the minor road.
		Lighting on an interchange that consists of a few luminaires located in the general areas where entrance and exit ramps connect with the through traffic lanes of a freeway (between the entry gore and the end of the acceleration ramp or exit gore and the beginning of the deceleration ramp).
		A three-leg interchange where a connecting highway terminates and where only a small amount of traffic moves between the terminating highway and one of the two legs of the freeway.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /tfhrc/safety/pubs/older/glossary/glossary.htm (2784 words)

	Glossary
		The basic diamond interchange is often the design of choice for lower-traffic interchanges without special constraints.
		SPUI : Pronounced "Spooey", the Single-point Urban Interchange is a relatively new variant of the diamond.
		This type of interchange is used mainly for new highways that have enough ROW and where capacity warrants.
	webfil_92.tripod.com /autoroutes_en/id53.html (1485 words)

	Diamond interchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Diamond interchanges are used where a freeway crosses a minor road.
		In the United States, where this form of interchange is very common, particularly in rural areas, traffic on the off-ramp typically faces a stop sign at the minor road, while traffic turning onto the freeway is unrestricted.
		The Diamond interchange makes more efficient use of space than most types of freeway interchange, and avoids the interweaving traffic flows that occur in interchanges such as the cloverleaf.
	diamond-interchange.iqnaut.net (237 words)

	Interchange Third Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Interchange Third Edition is a four-level series for adult interchange third edition and young adult learners of English from the beginning to the high-intermediate level.
		Parclo interchange - The parclo interchange (short for partial cloverleaf interchange) is a successor to the cloverleaf interchange.
		Paradise Interchange - Paradise Interchange is an interchange of the O-Bahn Busway, belonging to the Adelaide Metro.
	ea88.360mkt.info /interchangethirdedition.html (1041 words)

	Kurumi's Field Guide to Interchanges - Glossary
		An interchange between two freeways where access is provided by an auxiliary divided road, connected to each freeway with a trumpet interchange.
		In our context (interchange diagrams), a freeway is a road with full access control in the interchange area: the reason an interchange is used instead of an at-grade, signalized intersection.
		An interchange with one or more loop ramps, but fewer than the eight ramps needed to form a full cloverleaf.
	www.kurumi.com /roads/interchanges/gloss.html (1252 words)

	Three-way interchanges
		Three-way interchanges are based upon the same design ideas as their four-way counterparts, except that one freeway (or road) is terminating at another.
		This is the most common type of three-way interchange between a freeway and a terminating freeway.
		It takes most of its design from the four-way parclo interchange; left-turning movements from the terminating freeway are handled by a single loop ramp, and left turning movements onto the terminating freeway are handled by a large semi-directional ramp that hugs the outer side of the one loop.
	www.donovanmartin.com /roads/3way.html (539 words)

	Highway Heaven » Interchanges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It’s the interchange of CT 20 and CT 401, where CT 20 meets (or leaves, depending on your perspective) the freeway connecting Bradley International Airport with I-91.
		This is the eastern interchange of I-H1 and I-H201 (formerly HI 78) between Honolulu and Honolulu International Airport.
		The interchange isn’t all that impressive from the air, until you consider that traffic following I-H1 is making roughly a 90 degree turn at this interchange, with eastbound traffic passing through a short tunnel to boot.
	www.triskele.com /highway/category/interchanges (686 words)

	Welcome to Alberta Roads!
		This interchange is one of three that was selected for immediate construction in 2002.
		This new "Parclo A" interchange was given funding approval in 2002 and is scheduled to be complete by fall 2003.
		A "Parclo B" interchange with access ramps to Southentre Mall was completed at the junction of these two expressways (with Macleod Trail free-flowing under Anderson Road) in October 2001.
	albertaroads.homestead.com /Calgary/newConstruct1.html (155 words)

	I-95 and Florida's Turnpike, Miami, FL
		Interchange Description:After thinking this one over for a long time, I've decided that the best way to show the structure of this interchange is to look at it without the connections to Florida's Turnpike and the Palmetto Expressway.
		Although it appears that WB traffic on FL 826 can't reach I-95 NB, this is actually not the case: a surface street, serving as a sort of frontage road on the eastern side of this interchange, is used for this connection.
		It's an expensive interchange, but it really had to be - it's hard to cheaply build a junction for five highways and make it something better than a giant traffic circle.
	whereroadsmeet.8k.com /Interchange/fl-i95-s91.htm (909 words)

	Grade seperation - Gradeseperation
		A junction which is grade-separated is an interchange, as opposed to an intersection which is not grade-separated; a lack of grade separation is described as "at-grade".
		This situation is most prelevant either where junction design places the on-slip to the road before the off-slip at a junction (for example, the cloverleaf interchange), or in urban areas with lots of close-spaced junctions (the Coventry ring road is a particularly notorious example).
		A grade-separated rail interchange is known as a flying junction and one which is not a level junction.
	www.kopete.org /Grade-seperation.html (691 words)

	Rural Public Transportation Technologies: User Needs and Applications FR1-798
		The configuration chosen for the design of any particular interchange must be appropriate for the volumes of traffic making specific turning movements at the interchange, the alignments of the roadways being connected, the surrounding terrain, the adjacent development, and physical constraints such as existing rivers, railroads, and roadways.
		The minor roadways that are provided within an interchange to allow traffic to move from one major roadway to another are known as ramps.
		Thus, the ramps of a diamond interchange are typically known as diamond ramps, and the loop ramps within a partial cloverleaf (parclo) interchange are typically known as parclo loop ramps.
	www.tfhrc.gov /safety/pubs/97106/ch01/ch01.htm (1005 words)

	Michigan Highway Ends \| Michigan Route 59
		The Western Terminus of M-59 is at a trumpet interchange with I-96 (Exit 133) west of Howell.
		The Eastern Terminus of M-59 is at a six-ramp parclo interchange with I-94 (Exit 240) northeast of Mount Clemens.
		The six-ramp parclo interchange featured here also serves as the Southern Terminus of M-29.
	www.state-ends.com /michigan/m/59 (343 words)

	Northern Ireland Motorway Junction Types - NI Roads Site
		The partial cloverleaf ('parclo') interchange is not as common as the roundabout, but it crops up in a few places.
		M1 j7 (Sprucefield): Not a true parclo, this junction was (until it was modified in 2003) really a "trumpet" where one pair of slip roads left in parallel, but the rest of the junction was a roundabout interchange.
		The diamond interchange is like the dumbbell except that the roads simply join the through road/roads at either a priority junction or traffic lights.
	www.wesleyjohnston.com /roads/junctiontypes.html (758 words)

	Queen Elizabeth Way - Burlington to Toronto - Images
		The Guelph Line interchange and structure was respectively reconfigured and replaced during the 2004 and 2005 construction seasons.
		Though now a standard parclo A4 interchange, the Guelph Line interchange was originally a cloverleaf design (quite logically since Guelph Line once carried the Highway 25 designation) and has been reconfigured several of times due to its close proximity to the Plains Road diversion and subsequent interchange.
		The Highway 427 interchange is now the last interchange on the QEW, since 1997, when the QEW was downloaded to the City of Toronto east of the 427.
	www.onthighways.com /QEW_images/QEW_p3_images.htm (825 words)

	[No title]
		The M-39 interchange is in the middle of this stretch.
		The first such interchange in the state of Michigan is at the Kalamazoo Avenue interchange off of the future M-6 freeway, south of Grand Rapids.
		This future interchange with M-42, just east of Manton, looks to be a four-ramp partial cloverleaf (parclo) interchange, with all ramps on the north side of the interchange.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/michhwypics (1831 words)

	News
		The existing interchange configuration is inconsistent with current AIT design criteria for “freeway” standards.
		The Town of Bowden economic development plans encourage development on those lands located on either side of Highway 2 and the municipality has expressed its intent to annex lands on the east side of the Highway to foster additional industrial development.
		Clearly, the scale of planned development must be consistent with the planned “freeway” interchange in terms of east-west demand and available “ultimate” capacity.
	castleglenn.ca /news.php?news_id=10 (284 words)

	Kitchener-Waterloo area roadtrip, Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		However, the 401 is now three lanes all the way through the southern edge of K-W (the 401 only used to be three lanes from Toronto to this Interchange and then became only two all the way to Woodstock).
		This exit on the left is part of a parclo interchange with the 401 and Regional Road 8.
		However, about 1 km south of the 401/Regional Road 8 interchange, regional road 8 goes down a 300-400m long hill referred to as "Shantz Hill" by the locals.
	www.donovanmartin.com /roads/kw3.html (431 words)

	STS Consultants
		STS provided topographical and right-of-way surveying; highway drainage design; preparation of type, size and location plans for structures; complete structure plans for five bridges and several large culverts; preparation of right-of-way plats; and preparation of plans specifications and estimates for the entire project.
		Special slope considerations were included in the eastern half of the project area where some deep cuts and high fills were necessary, in addition to the lake adjacent to the mainline roadway.
		To advance the construction of the project by one year, the plans were divided into a grading and structures contract and a final paving and structure contract.
	www.stsconsultants.com /projects/trans/route336.html (322 words)

	Lorain County Photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 2003 the loop from State Route 57 SB to I-90/SR 2 EB in this interchange was removed and replaced by a left turn to simplify traffic movements on SR 57, and the opposite loop had been removed by 2004 to make the interchange a six-ramp parclo, as part of the ODOT SR 57 project.
		The presence of the Ford Plant led to the construction of the Baumhart Road interchange (Exit 135/old Exit 7A) on the Ohio Turnpike in the late 1990's.
		The very short roadway to the south ("Vermilion Interchange Rd." according to the ODOT SR 2 Lorain Co. straight-line diagram) accesses Jerusalem Road, which itself functions partly as a connector to Vermilion and Sunnyside Roads (map).
	www.roadfan.com /lorain.html (548 words)

	M-6 Ends \| Michigan Highway Ends
		The first guide sign on east I-96 announcing the upcoming interchange with M-6 is attached to the Thornapple River Drive overpass, 0.75 mile from the exit.
		This is the exit signage for M-6 from west I-96 at the interchange.
		The ramps for this interchange were designed to accomodate higher speeds, as indicated by the posted ramp advisory speed of 55 mph.
	www.state-ends.com /michends/m6 (479 words)

	Indiana Road Photos > Guide Signs
		The sign is located less than a mile from the Michigan State Line and the Southern Terminus of M-217.
		The I-69 interchange is the easternmost along I-80/I-90 in the Hoosier State.
		This is the last interchange along I-69 in the Hoosier State; the Michigan State Line is less than 1 mile ahead.
	www.gribblenation.net /indiana/photos/signs (494 words)

	Expressway Site Nova Scotia
		The posted speed limit on NS-111 is 80 km/h due to the close proximity of interchanges and merging/weaving movements; however, it is almost universally ignored.
		Although the highway is mostly a freeway, there is a single at grade intersection where left turns are permitted across the highway to access a private driveway.
		This at-grade, located at the Gaston Road Extension, may be eliminated when a new interchange is built in the area.
	www.expresswaysite.com /ns_111.htm (283 words)

	P r o j e c t s
		Wilson and Company was retained to design an interchange to replace the existing at grade intersection located on US-75 at 46th Street north of Topeka, Kansas.
		The area surrounding the interchange site was fully developed in three quadrants including a church, residential development, and a convenience store.
		The team evaluated a diamond, a tight diamond, a parclo, and a single point urban.
	www.wilsonco.com /projects/us75.asp (175 words)

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